Kodi ukukumbukira chifukwa chake tiyenera lonse?

Pofuna kukhala mphamvu yakulikoka pa zinthu pepala, zomwe kwenikweni si kwambiri "omasuka" kukula, anthu akhala ndi lonse lapansi. Kwenikweni, izi akulongosola chifukwa pali lonse.

Pamene maphunziro akuyamba kuwulula maganizo lonse

Ana nthawi yoyamba akukumana ndi mawu awa pomwe kuphunzira mapu ndi mapulani malo. Mphunzitsi akulongosola chifukwa pali lonse, izo zikusonyeza chitsanzo cha atlases. Iwo anafotokoza kuti aliyense chinthu Hrs waukulu zedi moti chifaniziro chake kukula zachilengedwe kudzakhala kovuta ndi wovuta. Anthu kujambula malo maola mawonekedwe, koma sanagwiritse ntchito asapita aliyense enieni. izo tsopano wololera - ndipo aliyense mzere mukapeza asonyeza pa mapu, ndi a kukula kuti akhoza kuchulukitsa ndi nambala inayake ndi kudziwa kutalika woona ndipo m'lifupi.

Lembani lonse: njira loyamba kuwerenga

lonse lasonyezedwa ndi manambala awiri olembedwa ndi m'matumbo a. The manambala woyamba akutanthauza gawo la unit mu zimakwana, wachiwiri limasonyeza bwanji mayunitsi ambiri mu chithunzi chenicheni limafanana ndi nambala yoyamba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati lingaliro Anatipatsa lonse la 1: 1000, ndipo kukula kwa wagawo ndi kuperekedwa ku masentimita, ndiye centimeter imodzi zimakwana limafanana ndi masentimita 1000 kwenikweni. Iwo likukhalira kuti kodi chofunika lonse? Angakuthandizeni osati kuchepetsa zinthu zenizeni pa mlingo mawonekedwe, komanso molondola kuwerengetsa kukula yawo.

Yachiwiri njira ya kujambula lonse: ndi yabwino?

The njira wakale kujambula lonse kudzera m'matumbo otchedwa manambala. Koma palinso kuchuluka dzina lake. umboni wake uli motere: 1 cm - 20 Km. Iwo likukhalira kuti motere akhoza kulembedwa lonse chogwiritsira chachikulu chimene sichidzalikhidwa zowonetseredwa ndi manambala ndi maziro angapo ngati panali zinthu komwe muyenera mwachindunji makilomita centimeter chimodzi mazana angapo. Pankhaniyi yomweyo bwino momwe, chimene ndi chifukwa chake. Izi kulowa zambiri mwachilengedwe bwino.

Makulitsidwe mu drafting kuti: zosiyana ndi lowonjezera maphunziro yapita

Ndi mfundo lonse anakumana osati madera, komanso kuphunzira phunziro monga kujambula. Gwiritsani ntchito malangizo chimodzimodzi zithunzi za zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Koma pali suschstvennoe kusiyana: kuno mfundo chake tiyenera lonse ndi kukodzedwa chifukwa chakuti zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira mbali yaing'ono ya zikuluzikulu. Zintchito wa kulankhula sikuti, chifukwa pali zambiri zinthu zing'onozing'ono mu madera, anali kufunika kuwonjezera iwo. Mayiko ndi mapiri, mitsinje ndi nyanja ndi Mulimonsemo kuposa mapepala pepala kukula kwa A4 kapena A1.

Kuphunzira zojambula, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito sikelo kuimira mawonekedwe zikuluzikulu zokhudza zing'onozing'ono monga bawuti kapena wononga. Kotero, n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera lonse mu nkhani iyi? Ntchito yabwino kuimira chinthu yaing'ono bwino ndi mwatsatanetsatane. Pankhaniyi, zosiyana amapezeka kujambula: nambala yoyamba ndi wamkulu kuposa wachiwiri, ndi kulemba 100: 1 lidzalira pafupifupi motere: mayunitsi 100 a chifanizo chinkafunika limafanana wagawo imodzi kukula enieni.

A ochepa angalongosolere Zitsanzo

N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika pamlingo izo zikusonyeza zinachitikira chinthu chifaniziro ang'onoang'ono, amene analandira chifukwa cha pa pepala? Kachiwiri, tili chiŵerengero chenicheni cha chifaniziro mwatsatanetsatane ndi kukula weniweni wa chinthu. Tiyeni tikumbukire muyezo wofanana 100: 1. Iwo likukhalira kuti millimeters zana mu chithunzi ndi millimeter imodzi yokha ya kukula enieni. Ngati m'lifupi mbali zina za chithunzi cha millimeters 500, m'lifupi lenileni la millimeters 5 basi.

Ngati ife kukumbukira yoyamba, fano pa pepala pa buku la chinthu chachikulu, lonse la 1: 100 zikutanthauza kuti millimeter imodzi chithunzi muli 100 millimeters miyeso woona. Total, ngati kutalika kwa chinthu ndi 80 mm kujambula kapena mapu Ndipotu, chinthu kutalika ndi 8000 millimeters. Chitsanzo chabwino bwanji tiyenera lonse ndipo chidali chifuniro yabwino ya anthu.

Chinthu chachikulu mu ntchito lonse la - izi ndi monga kukumbukira kuti chiwerengero woyamba akunena kwa fano, ndipo chachiwiri - kukula lenileni la zinthu. Kupewa zina chisokonezo, kuti kuphatikiza kwa maziko awa m'masukulu kuchititsa maphunziro othandiza mu madera, ndi ana kangapo kufotokoza ndi kuwerengera ndalama za zochitika zenizeni dziko akutsutsa mothandizidwa ndi Atlas. Chinthu chomwecho chimachitika pa maphunziro zojambula.

kuti adzimvera

Chifukwa kufunika lonse? Yankho la funso limeneli zimatengera zinthu zitatu zimene inu muyenera kukumbukira kuti:

• The choyamba - lonse koyenera kuti fano zinthu zazikulu padziko omasuka yakanema.
• The chachiwiri - lonse anafunika kuimira zinthu ochepa wokulirapo.
• Chachitatu - lonse chofunika kuti athe molondola kudziwa kukula weniweni wa chinthu, kaya kukula kwake koyamba, chaching'ono kapena chachikulu.