Belovezhskoe pangano, kapena dziko kuti ife tataya

m'malo oyamba

Pulezidenti watsopano wa Russian Federation Vladimir Putin otchedwa kugwa Soviet Union wamkulu geopolitical cholakwa cha m'ma 20. Belovezhskaya pangano, ndipo chifukwa cha izo, mapangidwe a CIS sanathe kukonza.

Ndi zotsatira

History watsimikizira kuti kaya wamphamvu kapena mmodzi kapena ufumu wina, ali pa magawo zazikulu zitatu: kubadwa, dzuka ndi ikutha. Zinali nazonso ndi mphamvu zikuluzikulu za m'ma 20 - Soviet Union. Anabadwa mu yomenyera wamagazi kusintha ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni, anadutsa nkhanza collectivization ndi njala, kuphana repressions Stalin, okwana owonongedwa ndi mavuto, amene anapambana zoopsa kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo - World nkhondo II kusanduka bwinja ndipo ngati Phoenix kuuka kwa phulusa, ndipo iye anali colossus ndi miyendo ya dongo, wobadwa wakumvera lamulo ambiri ya chiyambi ndiponso ndinathetsa zaka 21 zapitazo.

Chochitika amenewa anali zikhalidwe zake zoopsa, ndipo mmodzi wa waukulu - mpikisano wamkulu wa USSR ndi US, Moscow ndi Washington.

Pa "nkhondo ozizira" ndi West ankadziwa ndekha choonadi chimodzi: Soviet Union sangathe anagonjetsa mwa asilikali, likhoza kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi anapezazo bwino a m'mayikowo mu USSR. Ndithudi, iwo anapeza - mu nkhope ya ena mwa atsogoleri a mayiko Union.

zolinga West anali bwino kwambiri. Koma chomwe chinachititsa atsogoleri a maboma a wopatulika "mayiko-alongo?" Mwamwayi, pa wotchuka wakale mfundo ya "kugawaniza ndi ulamuliro". Inde, iwo anatopa kukhala wamng'ono kwa mkulu wa Center wa - Moscow anafuna kukhala olamulira zigawo zawo, adzakhala "zabwino ndi ufulu", monga kulimbikitsa America.

Anaswa mphamvu mu RSFSR Boris Yeltsin ankafunitsitsa kukhala mutu wa boma. zolinga zofanana wokondedwa ndi atsogoleri otchuka a m'madera ena. Koma iwo sanali kuwala mu zikhalidwe za kukhalako kwa Soviet Union. Panali imodzi yokha - kugonjetsa zambiri kuthetsa umphumphu wa dziko, makamaka mu Soviet Constitution anavomera mu 1977, October 7, aliyense Republic ankaona boma mwayekha ndipo anali ndi ufulu secede ku USSR.

Nkhondoyi kwa ...?

Pulezidenti Gorbachev anayesa kuletsa kugwa kwa Union, kusunga umodzi wa boma. Kuti zimenezi zitheke izo unachitikira pa referendum Onse-Union pa March 17 1991, limene ambiri nzika anakuvoterani kuteteza dziko lawo. Pa TH 20 August 91 zinakonzedwa kusaina latsopano Union Pangano. Koma anali msewu ndi kulanda boma, amene anadzatchedwa monga Komiti Emergency. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pa 24 August 1991. Ukraine utenga Chikalata cha wodzilamulira. December 1, mu Ukraine, molumikizana ndi Pulezidenti, anakonza referendum pa ufulu wa Ukraine ku Russia ndi mayiko ena. funso waukulu anali zinalembedwa mokwanira convoluted kusokoneza anthu amene posalizindikira intricacies wa masewera ndale ndi formulations. Chifukwa 90% omwe adzaponye chisanko amapereka lingaliro la ufulu, kotero koposa pa nkhaniyi anatchula kuteteza anagwirizana kugona ndi mayiko zakale. Mu lokonzekera referendum lonse propaganda kampeni mtundu izo zinachitikadi, akamanena za zomwe anachepetsedwa ku nkhani yolembedwa-pempho: "Lekani kudyetsa Moscow" Ngati inu kukatenga chikalata wapadera wa zaka - timapepala ta propaganda anaperekedwa kwa ufulu m'misewu ya malo populata a Ukraine, kuwerenga kwenikweni. Kuthana pa tsamba loyamba, ankayimira mu zilembo zazikulu, ndi gome pansipa m'bukuli:

"Nzika za Ukraine, sadzalola okha kuti musanyengedwe! Yopanga pa munthu ndi malo Ukraine pakati pa mayiko ambiri otukuka a dziko ... "tebulo limasonyeza kuti Ukraine ndi lili pa nambala 1 ndi dera, poyerekeza ndi Germany, Japan, Britain, kuti m'zigawo zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo zitsulo, ndi kupanga zitsulo komanso 1-2 malo mwa limati izi kuti ulimi wa chakudya, kuphatikizapo mankhwala mkate, nyama ndi mkaka mu Ukraine kangapo kuposa m'mayiko chimodzimodzi. Wa timapepala ta anaonekera kuti Ukraine - boma olemera kuti pakhale palokha, chakudya mmenemo ndi kupereka zonse zofunika ntchito mokwanira. Ndipo Ukrainians sakhala watanthauzo ndi wosangalala chifukwa chakuti achotsa zonse Russia kuti Moscow, ngati leech chimphona ankadalira thupi anthu ndi imayamwa otsiriza: "Ukraine umabala, Union wolowa ndalama - amatenga Moscow. Ife ndi ana athu kusiya m'mavuto a zachuma, alibe majini ndi mavuto. " Kenako mu chinenero Chiyukireniya anapita mndandanda wa mafunso, zomwe ananena kuti, chikominisi, kulamulira Union ndikuba konse, ambiri mwa kubedwa imakhala ya chuma Ukraine, kuti yazamalamulo achinyengo ndi kuulondola chinthu zofuna zawo chigawenga, popanda kulemekeza ulamuliro uliwonse wa chilamulo, ndi kuvutika anthu, ndipo woyamba wa zonse - Chiyukireniya. Inatha ichi "mwaluso" kumene alemba ntchito yaikulu pempho: "A nzika ya Ukraine, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu kapena amayanjana chipani! Ganizirani Kaye zpani inalamula ife LIKULU: Kodi mukufuna akufuna Revised SSR "?

yokopa amenewa ikuchitika mayiko ena. Anthu anaphunzitsa kuti njira zonse zikuchitika Russia, ndipo popanda lidzatero nyengo kuchuluka, onse mu West. Choncho chiwembu zinachititsa kuti kuwonongedwa kwa USSR ndi Belovezhskoe pangano.

Apezeka atatu ...

Choncho, msonkhano wa atsogoleri a Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus - Boris Yeltsin, Kravchuk ndi Shushkevich - unachitikira Bialowieza Forest, nyumba yogonamo "Viskuli". Kumeneko December 8 anali kusaina mapangano wotchuka Belavezha 91 TH chaka, zikalata, chimene Soviet Union unatha, ndipo m'malo anapanga Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS. Kuti iye anali nayenso ndi 9 mayiko ena Soviet.

Kuti Belovezhskoe pangano ndi wapadera chikhalidwe chake chigawenga, komanso chiwembu enieni, anati chakuti pambuyo kusainira ndi zikalata achiwembuwo onse yomweyo mutu wa US George HW Chitsamba Choyaka, nawawuza awo "zikayenda". Titero, ife mwasonyeza pa ntchito bwino mwachita.

Ndipo Mikhail Gorbachev, pulezidenti Soviet, anaphunzira za nkhaniyi tsiku lotsatira. Posakhalitsa, pa December 25 la 1991, Gorbachev posachedwapa analankhula mu adiresi televised anthu Soviet mtsogoleri. Iye akusonyezabe kuti mphamvu zake Pulezidenti ndi mwamsanga pambuyo pake anasamutsa chikwama nyukiliya, ndi kuti ulamuliro onse a magulu ankhondo nyukiliya, Pulezidenti Russian Boris Yeltsin.

Madzulo a December 25, ambiri TV dziko anaulutsa ku Moscow za mwambo afunika pa boma la Russia USSR mbendera ndi kukweza mmalo mwa galu Russian. Choncho, yaikulu, wamphamvu ku dziko wawonongedwa popanda kuwombera limodzi. The ludzu mphamvu kuposa lolingalira ndi kukhudzidwa kukonda dziko.

Polongosola mwachidule

Kodi anapatsa anthu a Soviet Union ndi kugwa kwa chilengedwe cha CIS? Kalanga ... Pa nthawi imeneyo, onse mu Europe achotsa malire, anakula nalimbika mu Union ku Ulaya, anayambitsa chitupa cha visa chikapezeka-free boma ndi kupanga malo wamba zachuma mwa Soviet Union anayamba kuoneka malire olimba ndi miyambo. Aphedwa yaikulu umodzi dziko zovuta zachuma. Vuto la mmene 90 pa moyo wa nzika za ku mayiko onse, kuyambira gwero kulemera Russia, mafakitale Ukraine, ndi yaing'ono losauka Moldova, monga Tajikistan ndi ena. Aliyense dziko chatsopanochi chinayamba chigamulo chake osankhika mwaluso amanena pa funso dziko, aputa makangano ndi ndewu, ndi ikayamba izi ndipo sizithandiza "prihvatiziruyuschaya" zakale boma chuma. Anabadwa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira wa oligarchs, akuchuluka tsopano. Anthu anakapezeka Shackleton kumbali ya moyo ndi litenge kunja moyo wovuta zaka 21. Ndipo Nkhata mosakaika anabweretsa Belovezhskoe pangano yekha kwa West.