Kodi nambala PI, nanga mbiri yake

Mmodzi wa odabwitsa kwambiri za manambala kudziwika kwa anthu, ndithudi, ndi nambala Π (kuwerenga - PI). Mu ajebura, chiwerengero zimenezi zimasonyeza kufunika kwa chiŵerengero cha circumference ndi awiri ake. Poyamba, ndalamazo ankatchedwa ludolfovym chiwerengero. Kodi ndipo kodi chiwerengero ku Pihahiroti sakudziwika bwinobwino, koma masamu lagawidwa magawo 3 wa m'mbiri ya PI chiwerengero yakale, Agiriki ndi digito m'badwo wa makompyuta.

chiwerengero cha P - ndi zopanda nzeru, ndiko kuti, sangathe ankayimiridwa ngati kachigawo ophweka, pamene numerator ndi chimene chachititsa ndi integers. Choncho, ambiri umenewu ndi kutsekedwa ndi nthawi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anasonyeza irrationality a P I. Lambert mu 1761.

Kuwonjezera chuma ichi, chiwerengero cha P sangakhale ngakhale muzu wa polenomiyo, ndipo chiwerengero transcendental. Izi katundu, pamene izo zinali mu 1882, kuthetsa vutolo masamu pafupifupi wopatulika "wa squaring bwalo" imene inatenga zaka 2500.

Amadziwika kuti loyambirira kukhazikitsa akuti chiwerengero cha British Jones mu 1706. Kamodzi panali ntchito za Euler, ntchito zoti amene anakhala ambiri amavomereza.

Bwinobwino kumvetsa zimene chiwerengero ku Pihahiroti, tiyenera kunena kuti ntchito zake chili ponseponse kuti n'zovuta ngakhale dzina nthambi ya sayansi imene kuchita popanda izo. Mmodzi wa zophweka kwambiri ndi bwino ngakhale mfundo sukulu ya pulogalamu - ndi zoti nthawi zojambula. The chiŵerengero cha kutalika kwa bwalo kwa m'mimba mwake ake nthaŵi wofanana 3, mtengo wa 14. wakhala kuyambira masamu wakale India, Greece, Babulo, Aigupto. Njira oyambirira kuwerengetsa chiŵerengero amatanthauza 1900 BC. e. More oyerekeza kuti phindu panopa P kudziwa katswiri Chinese Lyu Huey, kuwonjezera, iye anatulukira ndi kudya njira mawerengedwe. Mtengo wake wakhala mfundo pafupifupi zaka 900.

Nthawi chakale la masamu zinali zodzaza ndi chakuti kudziwa ndendende zimene chiwerengero ku Pihahiroti, asayansi anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira kusanthula masamu. Mu 1400s Indian masamu Madhava ntchito kuwerengera chiphunzitso ija ndi kudziwa nthawi chiwerengero P kwa manambala 11 pambuyo mfundo decimal. Woyamba wa ku Ulaya pambuyo Archimedes, amene ankafufuza chiwerengero cha P ndipo wapanga chopereka kwambiri kuti kulungamitsidwa ake, anali Dutch Ludolf galimoto Zeil, amene amadziŵika manambala oposa 15 pambuyo mfundo decimal, ndi chifuniro cha zolembedwa mawu zoseketsa kwambiri: ". ... amene ali ndi chidwi - ndipo mlekeni apite pa" Ndi polemekeza wasayansi, chiwerengero cha P ndipo walandira koyamba ndiponso mu mbiri ya dzina la mwadzina.

Kompyuta nyengo anabweretsa zinthu zatsopano kumvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha P. Mwachitsanzo, kupeza zimene chiwerengero ku Pihahiroti, mu 1949, anali woyamba ntchito kompyuta ENIAC, mmodzi wa kutukula amene anali tsogolo 'tate' wa chiphunzitso cha makompyuta ano J. Von Neumann. Muyeso woyamba zinachitikadi kwa maola 70 ndipo anapereka 2037 kanjedza pambuyo mfundo decimal mu nthawi ya P. chizindikiro zosonyeza miliyoni anali akwaniritsa mu 1973. Komanso, mu nthawi iyi anakhazikitsako ndi zina mitunduyi kuwalitsa nambala P. Mwachitsanzo, abale Chudnovskii kupeza munthu amene amaloledwa kuwerengetsa 1.011.196.691 manambala nthawi.

Ambiri, tisaiwale kuti kuti muyankhe funso ili: "chiwerengero ku Pihahiroti Kodi" maphunziro ambiri anayamba kukhala ngati mpikisano. Lero, yopanga kale polimbana ndi nkhaniyo, kodi kwenikweni PI. chidwi mfundo kugwirizana ndi maphunziro awa, zakhala zikuchitika pafupifupi m'mbiri ya masamu.

Today Mwachitsanzo, ikuchitikira kupeza katswiri dziko mu kuloweza nambala N ndi kaundula atathana dziko, yotsirizira m'manja mwa Chinese Liu Chao, tsiku ndi yaing'ono, itanani anthu otchulidwa 67 890. M'dziko pali ngakhale chikondwerero cha P, amene chikondwerero pa March 14 monga "ku Pihahiroti" Tsiku.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku cha 2011 kale anaika zankhaninkhani, 10 manambala nyengo.