Ojambula zithunzi za Kubadwa Kwatsopano: mndandanda wa bwino

Kubadwa Kwatsopano - ndi chochitika phenomenal mu mbiri ya anthu. Sindinakhalepo waluntha chotero kung'anima paluso. Osema, mapulani ndi amisiri wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano (a mndandanda wa iwo n'zochulukadi, koma ife kukhudza wotchuka kwambiri), amene maina amadziwika onse, anapereka dziko wapatali zosemasema. Wapadera ndipo imachita anthu anasonyeza osati pa munda womwewo, koma zingapo.

Painting akale Kubadwa Kwatsopano

The Kubadwa Kwatsopano ali wachibale nthawi chimango. Choyamba izo zinayambira mu Italy - 1420-1500 chaka. Panthawi imeneyi, kupenta ndi luso onse ambiri si wosiyana kwambiri zakale posachedwapa. Komabe, kwa nthawi yoyamba kuonekere zinthu anabwereka yakale zachikhalidwe. Ndipo ndi zaka wotsatira, Osema, mapulani ndi amisiri wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano (mndandanda wa zomwe ioneka) mchikakamizo cha zinthu zamakono moyo akavalidwe mwapang'onopang'ono potsiriza kusiya maziko akale. Iwo molimba mtima ndi motengera zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za luso lakalekale pakuti ntchito zawo, onse wamba mwatsatanetsatane yeniyeni. maina awo ambiri adziwe, idzafotokoza za umunthu olemekezeka kwambiri.

Masaccio - inde a kupenta European

Iwo wapanga chopereka zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha kupenta, kukhala wokonzanso kwambiri. Florence mbuye anabadwa mu 1401 ku banja la amisiri luso, kotero tanthauzo la kukoma ndi chilakolako kulenga anali mu mwazi wake. Pa zaka 16-17, anasamukira ku Florence, komwe anagwira ntchito zokambirana ndi. Aphunzitsi ake amaonedwa kukhala ndi Donatello ndi Brunelleschi - Osema kwambiri ndi mapulani. Kulankhula nawo ndipo atenga luso sanathe koma bwanji achinyamata zojambulajambula. The Masaccio woyamba anabwereka tanthauzo latsopano la munthu, lomwe ndi khalidwe kwa chosema lapansi. The chachiwiri mbuye - ndizosowa zokhudzana liniya. Woyamba lodalirika ofufuza ntchito ndikukhulupirira "Triptych wa San Dzhovenale" (woyamba chithunzi), zomwe anapeza mu mpingo wina waung'ono pafupi ndi tauni ya, malo Masaccio. Ntchito yaikulu ndi frescoes mu Brancacci Chapel, odzipereka pa mbiri ya moyo St. Petro. chithunzicho wamanga nawo chilengedwe cha asanu ndi limodzi, akuti: "ndalama yamsonkho," "anamuponya kunja kwa Paradaiso", "Ubatizo wa neophytes", "Kufalitsa katundu ndi imfa ya Hananiya," "Kuuka kwa Mwana wa Teofilo", "St. Peter kuchiritsa odwala mthunzi wake" ndi "Saint Peter ku dipatimenti."

Chitaliyana Kubadwa Kwatsopano ojambula - anthu kwathunthu anadzipereka luso, samapereka tcheru kuti mavuto a tsiku ndi tsiku kuti nthawi zina iwo kupulumuka osauka. Nazonso ndi Masaccio: waluntha mbuye anafa m'banda, pa usinkhu wa zaka 27-28, anasiya mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri ndiponso wambirimbiri ngongole.

Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506)

Ichi ndi nthumwi ya sukulu amapemphera a amisiri. Chikhazikitso cha luso anapatsidwa ndi bambo ake omulera. Kalembedwe aumbike mchikakamizo cha ntchito ndi Masaccio, Andrea del Castagno, Donatello ndi kupenta Venetian. Dzina angapo lolimba ndiponso lakuthwa kalembedwe Andrea Mantenya, poyerekeza ndi Florentines. Iye akhali nyakukumbusa ndi connoisseur ntchito za nthawi zakale za chikhalidwe. Chifukwa kalembedwe wake, musati muziwoneka ngati wina aliyense, iye anatchuka kwambiri monga Albucasis ndi. ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, "Akufa Khristu", "chipambane Kaisara", "Judith", "Nkhondo ya milungu nyanja", "Parnassus" (onani chithunzi), etc. Kuyambira 1460 mpaka imfa yake ntchito bwalo zojambula mu banja la Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani wa Gonzaga.

Sandro Bottichelli (1445-1510)

Botticelli - ndi pseudonym, dzina lenileni - Filipepi. njira wojambula, iye anasankha kamodzi, koma poyamba ankaphunzira zodzikongoletsera luso. Woyamba palokha ntchito (zingapo "Madonna") unakopedwa Masaccio ndi Lippi. Kenako, anadziwika komanso chithunzi ndi, madongosolo chochuluka kubwera ku Florence. Oyengeka ndi chipangizo mtundu wa ntchito wake pa zinthu makongoletsedwe (mwachidule zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira ochiritsira - kuphweka mawonekedwe, mtundu, kukula) nalipatula ku ojambula zithunzi zina za nthawi. Moyo m'nthawi ya Leonardo da Vinci ndi achinyamata Michelangelo anasiya kufufuza owala mu dziko la chisunzo ( "Kubadwa kwa Venus" (chithunzi), "Spring," "molemekeza Amagi", "Venus ndi Mars", "Khirisimasi", etc.). kupenta wake ndi woonamtima ndi tcheru, ndipo moyo zovuta ndiponso oopsa. Achikondi maganizo a dziko ali mwana anagwetsa zongoganiza ndi kukwezedwa achipembedzo pa kukhwima. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Sandro Botticelli anali ali pa umphawi ndi chisokonezeko.

Pierrot (Pietro) Della Francesca (1420-1492)

Italy wa zojambulajambula ndi zambiri nthumwi imodzi oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano anachokera ku Tuscany. kalembedwe Mlembi unakhazikitsidwa mchikakamizo cha sukulu Florence wa kupenta. Kuwonjezera talente wa wojambula Piero Della Francesca akanakhala ndi luso lapadera pa masamu, ndi zaka zomalizira za moyo wake wodzipereka kwa iye, kuyesera umakhalapo kuti ndinu mkulu. Zotsatira zake zinali awiri sayansi lonena: "Pa kaonedwe ndi chithunzi" ndi "kabukhu kakang'ono za zolimba asanu wokhazikika." kalembedwe wake umasiyana chofunika, mogwirizana ndi kuwolowa manja kwa mafano, compositional malire mizere yeniyeni ndi kumanga, zofewa osiyanasiyana mitundu. Piero Della Francesca anali ndi nthawi zodabwitsa chidziwitso cha mbali luso kupenta ndi mbali kaonedwe kuposa udachita kutchuka mkulu m'mibadwo yake. The ntchito wotchuka: "Mbiri ya Mfumukazi ya ku Sheba" "Kudzikwapula ndiyo wa Khristu" (onani chithunzi), "Brera Madonna" ndi zina zotero.

High Kubadwa Kwatsopano kupenta

Ngati Protorenessans komanso nthawi oyambirira inatenga pafupifupi theka zaka zana motero, nthawi imeneyi chimakwirira patangotha zaka zochepa chabe (mu Italy kuyambira mu 1500 mpaka 1527). Iyo inali yowala, khungu kung'anima, anapereka dziko Way lonse la anthu aakulu, mosalekeza ndi wanzeru. nthambi zonse za luso zimayenderana, ambuye ambiri - izo ndi asayansi, Osema, amatukutuku, osati ojambula zithunzi za Kubadwa Kwatsopano. mndandanda waukulu, koma pamwamba pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano chinali zilandiridwenso L. da Vinci, M. ndi R. Santi Buanarotti.

Waukulu namatetule wa da Vinci

Mwina ndi ambiri kwambiri komanso chapadera umunthu mu mbiri ya chikhalidwe dziko. Iye anali munthu wa chilengedwe m'lingaliro mawu, ndipo amadziwa kwambiri ndi luso lawo. Zojambulajambula, ziboliboli ndi theorist m'munda wa luso, katswiri wa masamu, wamanga, anatomist, zakuthambo, sayansi ndi injiniya - ziri zonse zokhudza iye. Komanso, aliyense m'madera a Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) anatsimikizira monga Albucasis. Pakadali pano, kudali 15 okha zojambula wake ndipo zithunzi zambiri. Ndi umoyo zidzasintha ndi ludzu chidziwitso, iye anali kuugwira mtima, iye chidwi ndondomeko cognition. Ndili wamng'ono kwambiri (zaka 20), anali oyenerera monga mbuye wa munalidi gulu la Luka Woyera. ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri ndi zitsulo Zojambula pakhoma "The MGONERO" kupenta "Mona Lisa", "Madonna Benua" (onani chithunzi pamwambapa), "Lady ndi Ermine ndi", etc.

Zithunzi za ojambula ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano - ndi mukusoŵa. Ankakonda kusunga zithunzi zawo m'zithunzi ndi anthu ambiri. Choncho, kuzungulira kudziona chithunzi cha da Vinci (onani chithunzi) mtsutso ulipobe. Ikani patsogolo Baibulo kuti iye anachita izo pa zaka 60. Malinga ndi wolemba mbiri, ndi wojambula ndi wolemba Vasari, mbuye kwambiri anaphedwa bwenzi lake lapamtima, Mfumu Francis ku Château wake du Clos Lucé.

Rafael Santi (1483-1520)

Wojambula ndipo wamanga anachokera ku Urbino. dzina lake paluso zonse zogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha kukongola chapamwamba ndipo mogwirizana achilengedwe. Pa moyo yochepa (zaka 37), analenga kwambiri cha zojambula otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse, murals ndi zithunzi. Nkhani amene anasonyeza ali yosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zonse kwachititsa chifanizo cha Lady athu. Mwangwiro zoyenera Raphael amatchedwa "mbuye wa Madonna", makamaka wotchuka linalembedwa ndi ku Roma. Mu Vatican iye ntchito kuyambira 1508 mpaka imfa yake mu wojambula ofesi boma pa bwalo papa.

Mipikisano luso, komanso ena ambiri ojambula zithunzi zazikulu za Kubadwa Kwatsopano, Raphael analinso munthu wamanga, komanso chinkhoswe mu zofukulidwa m'mabwinja. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, minibasi atsopano ali kugwirizana ndi anamwalira. Mwina, iye anayamba kudwala pa ntchito yomanga ya malungo Roma. Kumizidwa mu Pantheon kwa mbuye kwambiri. Pochita chithunzi cha zithunzi.

Michelangelo Buoanarroti (1475-1564)

The yaitali zaka 70 ntchito ya munthu uyu anali owala, iye anachoka kwa mbadwa zolengedwa chosawonongeka osati zojambula, komanso ziboliboli. Monga ojambula zithunzi zina zazikulu za Kubadwa Kwatsopano, Michelangelo ankakhala nthawi zonse a zochitika m'mbiri ndi mikangano. luso lake - ndi lalikulu komaliza aganizira onse a Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

Master kuika chosema pamwamba maluso ena onse, koma tsoka udzakhala zojambulajambula kwambiri ndipo wamanga. Kwambiri maudindo ndi zapadera ntchito yake penti ndi Sistine Chapel (onani chithunzi) mu nyumba yachifumu pa Vatican. Area murals pa mamita lalikulu 600 muli ziphiphiritso 300 wa anthu. Yosangalatsa kwambiri ndi bwino - ndi zochitika za chiweruzo chotsiriza.

Chitaliyana Kubadwa Kwatsopano ojambula zithunzi anali matalente m'zigawozigawo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti Michelangelo analinso ndakatulo kwambiri. mbali imeneyi ya namatetule wake atawonetseredwa kwathunthu palokha pa mapeto a moyo. About 300 ndakatulo anapulumuka.

Zojambula wa malemu Kubadwa Kwatsopano

The mapeto chimakwirira nthawi kuchokera 1530 mpaka zaka 1590-1620. Malinga ndi Encyclopedia Britannica, Kubadwa Kwatsopano monga nthawi zakale zinatha kugwa kwa Rome kumene kunachitika mu 1527 zinali mozungulira nthawi imeneyi ku Southern Europe anapambana kauntala-Reformation. Catholic kwa anayang'ana warily pa freethinking aliyense, kuphatikizapo apadera kukongola kwa thupi ndi kuuka kwa luso la nthawi wakale - zonse kuti ndi mzati wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Zimenezi zinachititsa makamaka - Mannerism amakhala ndi imfa ya uzimu ndi thupi mogwirizana, mwamuna ndi chikhalidwe. Koma ngakhale mu nthawi ya mavuto a ena odziwika Kubadwa Kwatsopano ojambula zithunzi analenga katswiri awo. Pakati pawo, Antonio da Correggio, Andrea Palladio (ankaona anayambitsa classicism ndi palladianstva) ndi Titian.

Tiziano Vecellio (1488-1490 - 1676 zaka)

Iye ankaona titaniyamu Kubadwa Kwatsopano, pamodzi ndi Michelangelo, Raphael ndi da Vinci. Ngakhale pamaso iye anatembenuka ndi zaka 30, Titian kutchuka kwake monga "mfumu ya amisiri ndi zojambula za mafumu." Kwenikweni, wojambula chojambulidwa pa mitu m'nthano ndi baibulo Komanso wakhala wotchuka ngati portraitist kwambiri. M'nthawi akukhulupirira kuti zinkaimira ndi burashi mabwana chachikulu - zikutanthauza kuti tikwaniritse chosafa. Ndipo zimenezi n'zoona. Alamulidwa Titian anachokera kwambiri akulemekezedwa ndi womveka anthu: mapapa, mafumu, makadinala ndi atsogoleri. Nawa ochepa chabe wa odziwika bwino kwambiri, ntchito yake: "Venera Urbinskaya", "The kugwirira ya Europa" (onani chithunzi), "Khristu Kunyamula mtanda", "yokoma ndi Minga", "Pesaro Madonna", "Mkazi ndi galasi," etc.

Palibe akubwerezedwa kawiri. The Kubadwa Kwatsopano anapatsa anthu anzeru, anthu odabwitsa. maina awo analembedwa mu mbiri ya dziko la chisunzo m'makalata golide. Mapulani ndi Osema, olemba ndi amisiri wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano - mndandanda wa iwo ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Tidangokocheza okha Titans, amene anapanga mbiri, onyamula dziko malingaliro choonadi ndi umunthu.