Kuyenda, Malangizo
Kodi mungaone chiyani ku Vladimir? Vladimir: Kodi mungayang'ane chiyani ndi ana? Vladimir - zokopa
Chikhalidwe chenicheni cha ntchito zamakono za anthu a ku Russia, chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo chawo ndi mzinda wa Vladimir. Kodi malowa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa dziko lathu? Vladimir amalembedwa m'midzi ya Russia Golden Ring. Ali pamtunda wa makilomita zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu kuchokera ku Moscow, pamphepete mwa Klyazma.
Mbiri
Kuyamba koyamba kwa malo akale a ku Russia okhala ku Mtsinje wa Klyazma anapezeka mu mbiri ya 990. Koma mbiri yakale ya mzinda wa Vladimir inayamba zaka 1108. Pa nthawi imeneyi Prince Prince Monomakh anamanga linga. Chitetezo chodziwika ndi kutchulidwa mwaulemu.
Malo a linga m'malo awa sanasankhidwe mwadzidzidzi. Kuchokera kumpoto kunali kutetezedwa ndi Mtsinje wa Swan, komanso kuchokera kumwera - mabanki aatali kwambiri a Klyazma. Kuchokera kummawa ndi kumadzulo kukafika ku nsanja sanapereke mitsinje yakuya.
Mbiri ya mzinda wa Vladimir ndi yosavomerezeka kwambiri ndi Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (wolowa nyumba ku Monomakh). Mwa dongosolo lake mu 1157 bwalo latsopano linamangidwa mu linga, kumene mpingo wa St. George unamangidwa. Pambuyo pake, mzindawo unayamba kukula mofulumira.
Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky (mwana wa Yuri Dolgoruky), Vladimir m'malo mwa Kiev analengeza kuti likulu la Russia. Kuyambira nthawiyi, mzindawu unayamba kumanga nyumba, ndipo panthawiyi adakhazikitsa mipanda yatsopano yokhala ndi makoma ndi zipata zamatabwa, komanso adalimbikitsa mphete yodzitetezera.
Anali 1238. Tatarar anaukira Vladimir. Iwo anawononga ndi kuwotcha mzindawo. Mpaka utsogoleri wakale, sakanatha kuwuka. Nyumba zowonongeka zinamangidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka 13. Zinasankhidwa kusamukira kumalo a anthu akuluakulu a ku Russia kuyambira ku Kiev kupita ku Vladimir. Kwa kanthawi mzindawu unakhala pakatikati pa zigawo za kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa Russia, kumene akuluakulu a akalonga anagwidwa ndipo chikondwerero chonse cha Russian chinkachitika.
M'zaka za m'ma 1400. Mipando yachifumu ndi akuluakulu apamwamba a ku Vladimir anasamutsidwa ku Moscow. Mzindawo unakhala wamba, ndipo unasiya kukumbukira ulemerero wake wakale, komanso kumanganso nyumba zopatulika.
Pa zaka 14-17. Kuwombera ku Vladimir, kubala, moto sunathe. N'chifukwa chake m'zaka za zana la 17. Ntchito yomanga miyala inayamba. Pofika mu 1668 ku Vladimir anamanga nyumba pafupifupi mazana anai, kumene anakhalapo mazana asanu ndi anayi kudza makumi asanu ndi anayi.
Mu 1796 udindo wa mzinda unasintha. Anakhazikika pakati pa chigawo cha Vladimir. Ndipo kachiwiri kumangidwanso pano. Panthawi imeneyi ku Vladimir anamanga belu la nsanja ya Assumption Cathedral, nyumba ya bwanamkubwa, zipinda zojambula, Noble Assembly, komanso nyumba zina. Mu 1861, mzindawu unayambira koyamba njanji.
Vladimir lero
Mzindawu ndi malo oblast. Akuonedwa ngati njira yopita ku Golden Ring yotchuka ya Russia. Zambiri zochititsa chidwi ku Vladimir zinachititsa kuti alendowo azikhala okongola. Chokongoletsa chapadera ndi zitsanzo za zomangamanga zakale. Mzindawu mpaka lero ndi osungiramo zikumbutso za kale lomwe.
Komabe, ngakhale izi, chitukuko cha Vladimir chikupitirira lero. M'katikati mwa chigawo muli zipangizo zamakono.
Okaona alendo amapatsidwa zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimasonyeza zipilala zamatabwa. Kuwonjezera apo, mukhoza kugula lacquer timitengo, zokongoletsera miyala, nsalu, matawulo, ndi zina zotero.
Kodi alendo amatha kuona chiyani ku Vladimir?
Mzindawu, womwe umayambira ulendo wawo pa Golden Ring wa ku Russia, umakopa alendo okhala ndi zipilala zambiri zamakono akale. Kodi mungaone chiyani ku Vladimir? M'mudzi muli zofunikira kwambiri ku mbiri yakale ya Russia, malo ndi zipilala. Chimodzi mwa zokopa zake zazikulu ndi Chipata cha Golden. Anamangidwa pa malamulo a Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky kuyambira 1164. Iwo anapatsidwa ntchito osati chitetezo komanso chitetezo chokha. Iwo anali opambana mu chirengedwe. Kuphimba chipatacho anali kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala amkuwa, omwe ankawala dzuwa. Choncho dzina la nyumbayi. Tsoka ilo, simungakhoze kuwona chipata mu mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Izi ndizo chifukwa cha kuzunzidwa kwa adani ndi moto. Akatswiri amatha kuyamikira zomwe akatswiri ankagwira ntchito kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Ndi chiyani chinanso ku Vladimir? Mzindawu uli ndi zipilala zamakono zosiyana siyana, zomwe zaka zake zimakhala zaka zoposa zana limodzi. Nyumba yamadzi iyi ndi nyumba ya Stoletovs, chipilala chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa pofuna kulemekeza chaka cha 850 cha Vladimir, ndi zina zotero. Ziyenera kunyalidwa mu malingaliro kuti zinali mukhazikitso ichi ku Ancient Rus kuti Chikhristu chinabadwa. Choncho, funso la zomwe mungawone ku Vladimir, mungathe kuyankha: "Zachisi". Mndandanda wawo muli mipingo ya Utatu ndi Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya, mipingo ya Assumption ndi Dmitrievsky ndi zina zambiri.
Ndi zochitika zina ziti zomwe ziripo mumzinda wa Vladimir? Kodi mungawone chiyani kwa alendo? Inde, awa ndi amonke. Iwo ndi chimodzi mwa zipilala zakale kwambiri za Russia. Chisamaliro chapadera chikuyenerera mwamuna Bogolyubovsky, komanso aakazi aakazi a Uspensky. Akhoza kuona zithunzi zakale, zomwe zinalembedwa kuyambira khumi ndi chimodzi mpaka zaka za m'ma 1400. Ponena za nunnery, kanali kutsekedwa mobwerezabwereza. Panali nthawi yomwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipatala. Komabe, mu zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi zapitazo iye adachokanso kutchalitchi.
Kodi mutenga nthawi yaitali bwanji kuti muyamikire zinthu zonse mumzinda wa Vladimir? Choyamba chowona? Chisamaliro cha alendo, kukopa, koposa zonse, zipilala za zomangamanga. Komabe, pofuna kuyendera, sikudzatenga limodzi, ngakhale masiku awiri. Mu ichi palibe chodabwitsa: Mmodzi mwa zipilalazi ndi zokopa alendo, kusungirako zochitika zambiri zosiyana. Anthu amene amakonda kujambula, amapatsidwa mwayi wokaona malo ojambula zithunzi, omwe ali ndi ntchito zazikulu kwambiri. Ali mumzinda wa Vladimir zomwe muyenera kuwona ndi ana. Oyenda ang'onoang'ono amayang'ana mwachidwi ku zisudzo za Museum of Nature ndi Children's Museum Center.
Kutengera Katolika
Kodi mungayang'ane chiyani ku Vladimir? Anthu amene amakopeka ndi zomangamanga za ku Russia, akulimbikitsidwa kuti afike ku Assumption Cathedral. Inayamba kukhazikika mu 1158. Ku Vladimir, yomwe panthawiyo inali likulu la dziko la Russia, inali nyumba yaikulu kwambiri.
Akatswiri ambiri ankagwira ntchito yomanga nyumbayi. Ndipo anakopa ojambula osati m'madera osiyanasiyana a Russia, komanso ochokera m'mayiko ena.
Mbiri ya Assumption Cathedral imakumbukiridwa ndi moto wamphamvu womwe unachitikira mu 1185. Mwatsoka, nyumbayo inavutitsidwa kwambiri moti sizingatheke kubwezeretsanso mu mawonekedwe ake oyambirira. Anamanganso kachisi pambuyo pa moto kwa zaka zinayi.
Mu 1238, a Vladimir adagonjetsedwa ndi a Tatata. Amawotcha tchalitchi chachikulu chimene anthu ambiri mumatauni komanso banja lachifumu anali kubisala. Kachisi anawotchedwa ndi moto, koma anaima molimba.
The iconostasis ya Assumption Cathedral, komanso dome yake mu 1408, anajambula ndi Andrei Rublev. Pakati pa zionetsero zosungiramo m'kachisimo, mungathe kuona zidutswa za fresco zomwe zinaphedwa m'zaka za zana la 12. Masters osadziwika.
Mitambo ya ku Assumption Cathedral yachitika kangapo. Pankhani iyi, cha m'ma 1800. Nyumbayo inasokonezeka kwambiri ndipo inavulala kwambiri. Zokonzanso zomwe zinasintha pambuyo pake zinasintha mawonekedwe oyambirirawo. Maonekedwe ake oyambirira anabwezeretsedwa chifukwa cha kubwezeretsedwa kwa 1888-1891.
The Assumption Cathedral ili pa mndandanda wa zolemba zodziwika bwino za zomangamanga za federal. Ndipo pakali pano ndilo kachisi wamkulu wa diocese ya Vladimir-Suzdal. Ili pa mndandanda wa UNESCO wa zipilala.
Katolika ya Dmitrievsky
Kachisi a Vladimir ndi okongola ndi osangalatsa nyumba. Mmodzi wa iwo, omwe amakopa alendo ambiri, ndi Katolika wa St. Demetrius. Idaikidwa mu 1194 polemekeza woyela woyera Dmitry Solunsky. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyambirira zomwe zimatchulidwa ndi nthawi ya Vsevolod Yaikulu ya Nest (mwana wa Yuri Dolgoruky). Katolikayo ndi yaing'ono, ikuwoneka yokongola komanso yodalirika. M'menemo kwa nthawi yoyamba mu zomangamanga zachi Russia zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kokongoletsera kwakukulu. Pachifukwa ichi, kachisi akuwoneka ngati wotseguka. Zokongoletsera zake ndi miyala yojambulidwa.
Pakatikati mwa zochitika zonsezi ndi fano la Mfumu Solomoni, lozunguliridwa ndi zomera, mbalame, ziphuphu ndi zirombo. Mpaka tsopano, tchalitchichi chateteza zojambula za m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi ziwiri, komanso zidutswa zochokera ku chigawo chotchedwa "The Last Judgment." Kachisi wa Dmitrievsky ndi chizindikiro cha federal, cholembedwa pa List of Heritage Worlds.
Mkazi Wachifumu Woyera Woperekera Nyumba
Ndikupita ku Vladimir (mzinda)? Zomwe mungazione m'madera amenewo? Chimodzi mwa zipilala za zomangamanga za Ancient Rus ndi Malo Oyera a Dormition. Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1200 ndi Prince Vsevolod III pempho la Maria yemwe adamudwala kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, mkaziyo anatenga chotchinga, kulandira dzina la Martha. Ndicho chifukwa chake amonke amakhalanso ndi dzina lachiwiri - Knyaginin.
Pa gawo la chipilala ichi cha zomangamanga pali malo oikidwa m'manda a Great Grand Dukes a Vladimir ndi akalonga, komanso kachisi - zozizwitsa za Abrahamu wa Bulgaria.
Mpingo wa Intercession on the Nerl
Mndandanda wa UNESCO World Heritage ndi nyumba ina ya Vladimir. Uwu ndiwo mpingo wa Intercession on the Nerl. Iyo inamangidwa mu 1165. Nyumbayi imakondweretsa ndi kufanana kwake, mgwirizano ndi ungwiro wa mitundu. Chikhalidwe cha zomangidwe za boma la Vladimir-Suzdal ndizokongoletsera kwa makoma okhala ndi miyala yoyera yamwala. Ambuye omwe anamanga tchalitchi amatha kupanga chiwonetsero cha kuchepa ndi kuwala kochuluka.
Zambirimbiri
Malangizo oyambirira kwa iwo amene anapita ku Vladimir (mzinda): mapu a malo omwe mukuyenera kukhala nawo.
Kukhazikitsa kwawo kumapangitsa alendo kuti azikhala ndi zambiri. Zili ngati kristalo, mbali imodzi yamakono akale a zomangamanga, ndipo ina ndiyo malo odyetserako mzinda wa Vladimir, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, akasupe, malo owonetserako, odyera ndi maiko. Pali chinthu china choti muwone aliyense.
Vladimir ndilo mzinda wokhawokha ku Russia kumene malo okonzera oyang'anira aikidwapo ndipo musemu wa Baba Yaga ndi wotseguka. Mowala komanso mochititsa chidwi pali maholide. Mmodzi wa iwo - Vladimir zochitika zosangalatsa zosangalatsa, kukumbutsa za ulendo wa ku Rio de Janeiro.
Malo osungirako mzinda
Pamene alendo amavutika ndi zochitika zatsopano, amafuna kupuma pang'ono, kupuma mpweya ndikuyenda, ndikuyamikira chikhalidwecho. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mwa kuyendera limodzi la mapaki ambiri a Vladimir.
N'zosangalatsa kuti mzindawu ndi waung'ono kudera lawo, koma uli ndi malo khumi ndi awiri komanso malo odyera. Ndi yani mwa iwo amene mukufuna? Izi zingathetsedwe nokha. Mmodzi angakonde malingaliro, omwe amayamba ndi malo owonetsera, omwe ali paki yotchedwa Pushkin. Wina angasankhe paki ya dziko, yomwe ili ndi mahekitala makumi asanu a nkhalango ya pine. Wachitatu adzakonda chiwerengero cha ana a Kursant Park ....
Kuyenda kuzungulira mzinda
Alendo angayende pamsewu wa Bolshaya Moskovskaya, ndikupita kuchitsime, chomwe chili pa Oktyabrsky Prospekt. Kumalo ano muli Historical Museum. Momwemo mungathe kuona zochitikazo zikufotokozera mbiri ya Vladimir kuyambira kale mpaka 1917. Kuyenda m'misewu ya mzindawo, alendo angayende kupita ku Chipata cha Golden, kenako akwera kumalo osungiramo malo ndikuyang'ana panja.
Zosangalatsa
Alendo omwe amapita ku Vladimir ndi ana awo akhoza kupita ku Dobrosel Park. Ali ndi zokopa, pali magalimoto othamanga. Pafupi ndi paki ndi zosangalatsa za cinema pakati.
Ku Vladimir, mukhoza kuyendera malo ambiri ojambula ndi masewera. Posachedwa holo yosindikizira inatsegulidwa ku malo oyang'anira zachigawo.
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