Kodi mukudziwa amene anapanga ndi makina kuwonjezera?

Chiwerengero zinachitika - ndi makina kuwonjezera - pali kale zaka zoposa 300 zapitazo. masiku awa kuchita zovuta masamu mosavuta, mwakachetechete kukanikiza mafungulo a Chiwerengero chomwecho kapena kompyuta, foni, anzeru foni (amene ntchito lolingana anaika). Ndipo kale njirayi ndi nthawi yambiri ndipo analenga kwambiri cha mavuto. Komatu maonekedwe a chipangizo choyamba ochuluka chotero kupulumutsa pa mtengo wa ntchito maganizo, ndi kuwakweza kwa patsogolo. Choncho chidwi kudziwa amene anatulukira makina kuwerengetsa ndi pamene izo zinachitika.

Zikamera ya makina kuwonjezera

Amene anatulukira koyamba kuwerengetsa makina? munthu amene anali German wasayansi Gotfrid Leybnits. Katswiri wa nzeru kwambiri ndi masamu anamanga chipangizo ongokhala chikuku makina ndi wodzigudubuza analowa. Kutulukira Izi Leibniz anayambitsa dziko mu 1673.

maganizo ake analanda injiniya French Tomás Ksave. Iye anapanga makina kuwerengetsa kuchita anayi ntchito masamu. Atakhala chiwerengero adatengedwa ndi kayendedwe ka imodzi olamulira gudumu, pamene mipata kuoneka chiwerengero lamanja, ndi wina analowa wodzigudubuza limafanana ndi manambala limodzi manambala. Chipangizo ndi adamulowetsa mwa onsewo dzanja adzakoka chokhethemulira, amene nawonso, kunapangitsa magiya ndi nthenga, kupereka mukufuna. Icho chinali choyamba kuwonjezera makina, anapezerapo mu kuŵeta.

kusinthidwa chipangizo

England George. Edmondzon ndi amene anabwera ndi makina kuwonjezera ndi limagwirira zozungulira (ophimba amachita kanthu ndi bwalo). wagawo chinalengedwa 1889 pamaziko a Tomasa Ksave zida. Komabe, kusintha makamaka kamangidwe ka zipangizo sizinachitikebe, ndi zida izi zinali monga wolemera ndi yosayenerera, ngati akalambula ake. Tchimo lomwelo ndi zofanana wotsatira chipangizo.

Izo ziri zodziwika bwino amene anapanga ndi makina kuwonjezera ndi keypad M'ndandanda. Icho chinali American F. Baldwin. Mu 1911, iye kuwerengera chipangizo, mmene ya manambala opangidwa ndi kumaliseche ofukula munali otchulidwa 9.

Kupanga mu Europe wakhazikitsa ngati ochuluka zipangizo injiniya Carl Lindstrom, kupanga kukula kwambiri yaying'ono ndi mamangidwe choyambirira chipangizo. Pali kale analowa odzigudubuza anakonza vertically osati horizontally, ndipo, kuwonjezera, zinthu izi imakonzedwa mu chitsanzo checkerboard.

Pa gawo la Soviet Union, woyamba makina kuwonjezera linakhazikitsidwa pa fakitale "Schetmash" iwo. Dzerzhinsky mu Moscow mu 1935. Iwo ankatchedwa kiyi kuwonjezera makina (CSM). kupangidwa mpaka Wachiwiri World nkhondo chiyambi, kenako anayambiranso mu mawonekedwe a zanyengo latsopano la makina theka-zodziwikiratu yekha mu 1961.

Mu zaka zofanana zinalengedwa ndi zipangizo basi, monga "TIM-2" ndi "Zoemtron-214", amene ntchito zosiyanasiyana, pamene ntchito yodziwika ndi chibumo chachikulu ndi mavuto, koma anali chida okha pa nthawiyo, amene amathandiza kulimbana ndi wambirimbiri kuwerengetsera.

Tsopano, zipangizozi amaonedwa osungira nyama, akhoza amangoona ngati owonera zakale chidutswa kapena magulu luso okonda wakale. Tafotokoza funso la amene anapanga makina kuwerengetsa, komanso kupereka uthenga chitukuko luso la zochitika za wagawo izi, ndipo ife tikuyembekeza kuti zimenezi akhala akugwira kwa owerenga.