Mfuti "trehlineyka": makhalidwe, zithunzi. Chifukwa Mosin mfuti amatchedwa "trehlineykoy"?

Ndi momwemo zinachitika kale, koma Soviet Union, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti mfuti "trehlineyka" ndi Mosin mfuti - awiri mitundu chosiyana zida. Ndi chamanyazi kuti cholakwa akupitirizabe wadutsa kuchokera ku atate mwana kwa mibadwo ingapo. Ndi nthawi kusiya ndi kuphunzira mbiri. Pakuti palibe manyazi. Amene kunyada. Zimene mukufuna kunena. Ndipotu amene sakudziwa zakale sayenera tsogolo lanu. Inde ndipo adzakhala chidwi chokwanira pa chitukuko wonse kuti tikapeze mtundu wa mfuti Mosin chifukwa "trehlineyka" ndi mmene zambiri zinali kuti iye anali zida ambiri chachikulu opangidwa mu zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri.

Background la zida lodziwika bwino

Pofika kumapeto kwa Russian asilikali XIX atumwi bwino okonzeka mwaluso kwambiri otsika mdani. Zonse mavuto kunja amafuna zida zatsopano kwa asilikali achifumu. Ntchito monovalent mfuti Berdan American kupanga sanalonjeze kupambana kwa asilikali Russian. Kumafunikira kubwereza chida ndi njira yodalirika.

Grand wachifundo analengeza za tsar Russian, anafotokoza mu mapepala ambiri mbiri ndipo analibe ofanana pa nthawi imeneyo. Siyense boma limapereka golide analinganiza ndi kotunga ndi conveyor kubwereza mfuti. Prototypes umene ntchito, anali zolakwa zambiri. Mawu akuti "kuwoloka zitsanzo zabwino zimene mtengo wa mosayenera wake" kubwera ngozi kuti chimodzi cha ziwalo komiti anamaliza wachifundo ndi kusankha zida. Anaganiza kukhazikitsa zisanu kuwombera magazini ndi makatiriji wodyetsa anayamba abale Nagan, mu zoweta trilinear Mosin mfuti. Kuwerenga nkhani zithunzi, ambiri akufunsa kuti: "N'chifukwa mfuti amatchedwa" trehlineykoy "?"

mizere itatu?

Dzina mfuti anapereka asilikali wamba, omwe anali ovuta kutchula dzina wodzala ndi chida: ". Trilinear mfuti chitsanzo 1891 Chaka" Kodi mavuto ambiri, izi ndithu zosankhidwa kunja.

1. Malinga ndi pangano pakati pa abale Nagan ndi Tsarist Russia m'dzina la mfuti ndi ololedwa kupereka dzina la Mlengi mmodzi, kuti, "Mosin mfuti" - n'zosathekadi, ndi "Mosin-Nagant mfuti" kungakhale. Sizikudziwika zimene ambiri anabwera ndi lingaliro dziko lawo, koma mpaka m'ma makumi awiri, chida anatenga dzina amanyadira "mfuti trehlineyka". N'chifukwa chiyani dzina? Tikuthokoza kwa likungosonyeza zipolopolo lapansi.
2. Russian muyeso kutalika "mzere" ndi wofanana 2,54 mm, ndipo ntchito kulekana tirigu seeding. M'lifupi mwa mbewu ya tirigu ndi mzere wabwino. Berdan likungosonyeza mfuti anali 4 mizere - 10,16 mm. Kusintha ntchito makhalidwe a mfuti, iwo anaganiza kuchepetsa kukula. Ngakhale masentimita kapena millimeters anali chimene kuchepa? Pa mzere umodzi! Chifukwa likungosonyeza mfuti anakhala 7,62 mm, ndi mawu olembedwa wathunthu alipo dzina chida.

The zida ndi specifications

Pali mbali imodzi, chifukwa amene anatenga asilikali achifumu Analeredwa "trehlineyka". Mfuti ali ndi makhalidwe luso ali pafupifupi monga ambiri a mpikisano, umboni ndi zithunzi anatengedwa ndi atolankhani padziko lonse. Komabe, ndi dziko chida chokhacho maganizo disassemble ndi kusonkhana nkhondo. Tikuthokoza kwambiri kuphweka a kamangidwe - palibe njira yovuta. Mainspring ndi drummer anaikidwa seclusion. psinjika ake kumachitika pa nthawi ya kutsegula kwa shutter. Pa nthawi ya kutseka ake amapezeka platoon drummer. Kuika chitetezo pa mfuti yake, muyenera hule m'mphepete kumbuyo kwa shutter ndi, kukokera bwino kumbuyo ndi kutembenukira counterclockwise. Yemweyo choyambitsa "trehlineyku 'angamasuliridwe mu malo yowotcha ndi kukoka mokwanira.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mfuti "trehlineyka" wamakhalidwe moto khalidwe zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho yekha ndi mpeni amodzi. Chinthu ndi zovuta, sorokasantimetrovy mpeni ndi achotse pamene kuwombera, kupereka thunthu chitaya mpaka pa mpirawo kwa - vuto wakhala atathana yekha mu 1938. Russian armourers.

Kuwasintha mu zipolopolo kapangidwe

Chuck "trehlineyki" anayamba Vetlischev Russian mlengi, zochokera malaya Lebel. Botolo zooneka ndi milomo yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda choperekedwa Russian manja mtengo kwambiri ndi poyambira annular, amene ali mutu zofuna apamwamba pa processing. Ndi yosamveka zisonga chipolopolo, anabwereka, monga kunapezeka pamene kupenda chithunzi, French, nayenso, anali ndi mavuto ena. Choyamba, ndi ku mpirawo mwamsanga anataya changu ndipo anali osamveka pa mtunda wautali. kusankha ntchito mawonekedwe zisonga anavomerezedwa mu 1908. Kusintha mfuti "trehlineyka" osiyanasiyana chipolopolo nawo pafupi awiri makilomita. Kenako mu chipolopolo zisonga, omwe anavomerezedwa, zitsanzo zina za manja yaing'ono amenewa anayamba - mfuti ya makina "limakhulupirira", SVD, SVT-40.

Oyenda mfuti Mosin

Mfuti "trehlineyka" analengedwera oyenda, anali nayo mbiya yaitali, wofanana ndi mamilimita 800. Polingalira za mpeni ndipo mbuyo okwana kutalika anali 1738 mm. Popeza kulemera kwa mfuti (4.5 makilogalamu), izo Tingaone kuti manja akhala m'malo wolemera. Popeza mfuti ya Mosin mfuti popanda bayonets anali osamveka, zida anayenera ntchito mtunda waufupi. Pa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo, pamodzi ndi mkulu zowononga mphamvu "trehlineyki" ndinapeza zolephera zingapo. Mu malo oyamba chinapezeka kuti vuto la kuwombera pafupipafupi mbiya heats, moto muvi manja. A kwambiri drawback wachiwiri anali wosadalirika mpeni phiri, yomwe n'kuliza ku azipumira. Nkhondo itatha anaganiza kuti asiye kutuluka kwa mfuti oyenda.

"Trehlineyki" Dragoon ndi Cossack chitsanzo

Pamodzi ndi mfuti kwa oyenda opangidwa kumasulidwa "trehlineek" chifukwa apakavalo ndi Cossacks ndi adzafupikitsidwa 70 mamilimita mbiya. Pang'ono kutaya mu liwiro koyamba chipolopolo mfuti akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino ngati kuwombera ndi mpeni, ndipo popanda izo. Dragoon mfuti "trehlineyka" akadali amaperekedwa ndi mpeni, koma Cossack apakavalo, iye mwachionekere Sikuti. Kukhala polukilogrammovuyu kusiyana kulemera ndi kutalika wamfupi kusiyana mfuti oyenda pa mapazi awiri - anali chosiyana "trehlineyka". Opepuka, yaying'ono ndi woopsa chida yomweyo anayamba kufala mwa asilikali, zikuonekera bwino ndi zithunzi angapo pa nthawi. Tiyerekeze kuti anali zolakwika zazing'ono chachilendo malo ramrod ndi mavuto a anafunda pa phewa kumanzere, koma iwo alipo mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso makhalidwe a zida. Zabwino mayankho ochokera asilikali amene ntchito mfuti kufupikitsidwa, anakakamizika gunsmiths kuti abwereze zinalengedwera ndi kusintha kamangidwe. Ndipo panali mfuti umodzi Mosin - "trehlineyka" chitsanzo cha 1930.

Mosin-Nagant mu utumiki wa a panyanjawa ndi apolisi

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti wachifumu asilikali ankhondo kusamalira zida, ataima pa utumiki mu Navy ndi Police. "Trehlineyka" adaperekedwa pamodzi ndi revolvers "mfuti", amalinyero ndi alonda a lamulo. Mfuti aperekedwa popanda mpeni ndipo kwambiri adzafupikitsidwa. Inabala zida onyada Dzina la "carbine Mosin." Pamene mbiya mfuti 510 mamilimita chonse kutalika dongosolo la mita imodzi. Kulemera zida ndi zida zonse si upambana makilogalamu anayi. Tiyeni koyamba mathamangidwe la chipolopolo cha anali poyerekeza ndi mfuti yaitali barreled, ndi carbine komabe anasonyeza ntchito zabwino kuwombera mu Middle, ndi pa mndandanda wautali. Kudziwa ndi zofooka mu mikono - yochepa kwambiri bawuti chogwirira mu malo chatsekedwa anaikidwa ku mbali imodzi, kulenga kusapeza pamene anasamutsa mfuti pa kuwombera.

kukweza zingapo "trehlineyki"

Mogwirizana ndi mawu a asilikali za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu yonse ya zida mfuti "trehlineyka" chasinthidwa. Poyamba, mu 1923, monga m'munsi, izo anaganiza kusiya dragoon mfuti. Mu 1930 kanasinthika dongosolo lonse pamaso. Nthiti anamukwiyira anamaliza mamita, ndi ntchentche nawo mphete lama fuyusi. matabwa chimango kutalika wakhala chinawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi kutalika lonse la mbiya. luso Izi kuteteza manja a asilikali a ku amayaka mwangozi. Kusinthidwa chida lovomerezeka monga Mosin mfuti. Mu 1944 kanasinthika ramrod ndi mpeni yolusa, mavuto kulimbikira amene anali "trehlineyka". Mfuti mpeni analandira mbali pepala, onse zida German a nthawi.

Kusinthidwa "trehlineek" chifukwa mphamvu yapadera

Mosin mfuti ( "trehlineyka") pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo zinali otchuka pakati snipers: ingoyang'anani pa zithunzi za ngwazi yotchuka ya nkhondo. Mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso makhalidwe a zida analola kulimbana kuchokera pa mtunda wa pafupi awiri makilomita. A osiyanasiyana wabwino wa moto ndi mkulu zowononga mphamvu akhala i zofunikira kusankha zida snipers. Poyamba, kutukula ntchito mfuti anakopera Germany zinayi nthawi pamaso kuwala Pe. Komabe, kukwera mtengo ndi kuvuta opanga wake zinachititsa chakuti mu 1942 anaikidwa mu utumiki 3.5-pindani PU anamvetsa chimene anasonyeza lokha nkhondo ndi dzanja bwino. M'gululi anadza kwa maganizo "trehlineyka". Mfuti ichi mtundu wa asilikali anali okonzeka ndi silencer, imene anayamba abale Russian Mitin ( "Bram" chipangizo). Chida ndi silencer ndi Optics ntchito mayunitsi zonyoza zimayenda wa asilikali Soviet.

Chidwi Soviet nthano za "trehlineykah"

Chifukwa Mosin mfuti amatchedwa "trehlineykoy", ife kumvetsa. Mpaka kumvetsa wotani nthano adakali wadutsa kuchokera mkamwa kukamwa kwa pafupifupi zaka, osati kuti Russian kupita pa zimbalangondo, komanso pasitala ndi ndudu 7,62. Monga, pa nkhani ya kupanga nkhondo m'kamphindi zikhoza kusinthidwa kuti yopanga zida za mfuti "trehlineyke" Mosin. Kodi nzoona?

muyeso Russian anali mwakhama ntchito, ndipo atagwa boma Tsarist, m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. Dziko inamangidwa anauka pa mapazi awo mitundu yonse ya mafakitale. Iwo unadza kwa chakudya ndi ndudu mankhwala. Technologists ambiri anali kale akulu amene alibe akufuna kusamukira ku muyeso latsopano m'litali mwake, kotero ntchito chimodzimodzi kupanga mzere. Ndi okwanira kupereka pasitala ndi fodya kukula 4 kapena 2 mizere, ndi chirichonse adzagwera malo. Podziwa kuti m'madera ambiri a makampani luso Sanasinthe chiyambire yomanga zomera, mukhoza kupanga nokha yankho za nthano.