Kodi malangizo zikusonyeza North Star, ndi mmene tingakhalire mu nyenyezi?

North Star mwina mmodzi wa matupi ambiri amene amatchulidwa kawirikawiri. Kulankhula za izo mu masamba a zopeka mu amalinyero zolemba, kafukufuku. kutchuka ngakhale nyenyezi yake yotchuka ayenera mu malo oyamba kolowera zikusonyeza North Star. malo ake wapadera kwa zaka zambiri kuthandiza apaulendo kuyenda mwa nyanja ndi pamtunda. Komanso, n'chofunikira kudziwa mtunda mu malo malo lotseguka, choncho ndi chinthu maphunziro ambiri sayansi. Koma zinthu oyamba.

nyenyezi kuvina

Yankho la funso la malangizo zimene zikusonyeza North Star, ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi malo mdima pa kungoganiza lakumwamba dera. Mukaonera nyenyezi ku Earth, zikuwoneka ngati ikuyenda pa dziko, ndiye likumira pansipa m'chizimezime, ndiye surfacing kachiwiri. mafano, anatengedwa ndi wosakwiya shutter liwiro, kamera Tingaone kuti kuwala kupita njira zozungulira wa awiri osiyana. Ang'onoang'ono iwo ali, pafupi ndi nyenyezi mzati wa dera zakuthambo. Pakati pa mabwalo popangidwa ndi kayendedwe ka nyenyezi kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndi mfundo amodzi. Izi ndi North Star, kapena kuti ankatchedwa anthu ena, kumpoto Nail tsenga nyenyezi Iron kapena Akumwamba Number, Golden Mulu.

Features chakudya

Fanizo la "msomali" bwino: tikapitiriza kungoganiza zitsulo ndodo ku "kapu" ndi zovuta kumvetsa kolowera zikusonyeza North Star. Izi "msomali" napyoza lonse ndendende pa North Pole, umadutsa zigawo zonse za mkati a dzikoli, ndi anatchulidwanso pa Pole South. Choncho, Polaris kumwamba ili kutambasuka kwa olamulira dziko lapansi. Ku North Pole izo ndi wosiyana zosakwana 1º.

Tikumbukenso kuti North Star ikuyenda chimodzimodzi monga ena zounikira lapansi. malo ake mwakuwoneka amodzi kwa ife chikugwirizana ndi udindo pa olamulira a yotsatira lapansi. Ndipotu zoona, ndithu kuyenda mofulumira nyenyezi chatsimikizika osati kwa gulu lawo, komanso kasinthasintha wa dziko. Kupanga tembenuzani nguli, Dziko Lapansi akutembenukira kwa nyenyezi imodzi, ndiye mbali inayo. Only magetsi ili pamwamba mizati, cipenyere mbali yomweyo ya pamwamba. Mwa njira, pa Pole South ali ndi nyenyezi kumalo ozizira - Sigma Octantis, koma ndi kukomoka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ena. Komabe, patapita kanthawi, zinthu zitha kusintha.

Post wadutsa - positi anatenga

North Star zikusonyeza malangizo kumpoto kwa chaka cha 1100 AD. Mwapafupi monga icho ndi mzati wa dziko yekha mu 2100, kenako kazula. Chiyambireni cha nthawi monga mutu Cholozera wadutsa kuchokera kuwala kwa wina ndi mzake. Ichi ndi chifukwa lamulo oyenera a nyenyezi, komanso chodabwitsa wa precession wa olamulira dziko lapansi. M'maganizo ndodo kuboola dziko amenenso kusuntha: patapita mwazunguliza. chifukwa lagona mu peculiarities wa mawonekedwe a dziko lapansi ndi mphamvu yokoka. Olamulira akuthamanga chilolo wina pafupifupi 26,000 zaka.

15 zikwi zapitazo udindo wa Nail kumpoto anachita Vega, mfundo yowala kwambiri ndi Lyra kuwundana. Ndipo patapita zaka zosakwana 11 chikwi, iye kachiwiri amatenga udindo uwu. Mu malo ya North Star posachedwapa adzafika Alrai (Popanga madzi a gamma Cephei), zidzakhala mu chaka 3200. Mu 5000, a Yoyeserera Alrai m'malo kuwundana komweko, Yoyeserera Cephei, ndiyeno, pa 6500-m, - Alderamin (Alfa Cep). Pakati pa zaka okwana 8,500 ndi okwana 13,000 malo a Pole Star adzatenga Deneb ndi Sadr ku kuwundana Cygnus.

Kodi kupeza North Star?

Yapadera kuchokera kumpoto okhudzidwa wina nthano kulimbikira kwambiri kwaiye kutchuka kwake ndi kutchuka. Zikuoneka kuti nyenyezi milomo aliyense ayenera kukhala, ngati yowala kudzulu, osachepera anaposa ena ambiri. Komabe, siziri choncho. North Star ili mu kuwundana Ursa Minor ndi pakati pa nyenyezi ina mu dongosolo lake kwenikweni chionekera. Mu mndandanda wa mfundo chidwi kwambiri pa dziko lonse kumwamba usiku pamafunika yekha 46th malo. Choncho n'kofunika kudziwa momwe kupeza North Star.

Chosaiwalika chachikulu - ndi a Big wonyika. Kuwundana ndi bwino kuti pafupifupi aliyense kuyambira ali mwana. Kudziwa kumpoto Nail kufunika maganizo kugwirizana mzere womwewo nyenyezi ziwiri muyeso wa Big wonyika - Dubge ndi Merak. Tikapitiliza mzere ndi mtunda za wofanana ndi intervals asanu pakati Dubge ndi Merak, ndiye chikaonekera mochedwa ndi kumalo ozizira Star. Iwo korona ndi mchira wa Ursa Minor.

Kodi kuyenda mtunda wa North Star?

Kuyambira pamenepo, ngati North msomali anali pafupi ndi mitengo yonyamulira ya dziko, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kalozera yabwino. North Star zikusonyeza malangizo a kumpoto, ndipo ngakhale olondola kwambiri kuposa kampasi. Kudziwa mbali za kuwala nthawi yomweyo osavuta. Muyenera kusiya ndi perpendicular kwa padziko North Star. Ngati inu kuima kulimbana naye, ndi South zidzakhala ndendende kumbuyo kummawa - kumanja, kumadzulo - kumanzere.

Osati zokhazo, ndi North Star zikusonyeza malangizo kumpoto, kumakhalanso ndi chidziwitso cha kumpoto lawolawo. Kudziwa kufunika kuyeza kutalika kwa kuwala pamwamba m'chizimezime. M'munsi mtengo kwambiri kwa dziko. Pa North Pole kumalo ozizira Star ili ku pachimake pa. Pa equator, monga pafupifupi merges ndi kaja. Ndicho kudziwa mbali pakati pa North Star ndi ozungulira ku mbali ya kumpoto, amalinyero a m'nthawi zakale kuyenda mtunda, wopalidwa ndi kusintha njira yanu.

Pa maplaneti ena

Pa thambo la malo ali zambiri zofanana wathu North Star. Kasinthasintha padziko olamulira ali katundu kwake maplaneti onse, chotero, ngati tisunga kayendedwe ka nyenyezi ndi pamwamba, n'zosavuta kupeza mfundo amodzi, kusonyeza kuti North ndi South mizati. Pakuti Mercury, mwachitsanzo, nyenyezi kumalo ozizira - Omicron Ophiuchus, kum'mwera mnzake ake - Alfa kuwundana zojambulajambula. Pali North msomali ndi Moon - ndi Delta Dorado.

Mtengo kwa zakuthambo

North Star, kapena Alpha Ursa Minor, ali lonse ya zinthu zimene kupanga lapadera. Pakati pawo - ndi pulsations nthawi, kulola kuwala kwa zimachitika ku gulu la Cepheids. Iwo yodziwika ndi kusintha kuwala, kutentha ndi kukula. Nthawi ya pulsation wa North Star - masiku 3,97. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi Earth noticeable kusintha kuwala.

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa nthawi pulsation wa Cepheids ndi luminosity. Kunapezeka kuti yaitali, m'pamenenso ndi luminosity. chiŵerengero Izi ntchito zakuthambo kudziwa kutalika kwa chinthu china chakutali. Popeza North Star - wapafupi dongosolo dzuwa, Cepheid, udindo wake sitingalephere kukambapo mu anapezazo, makamaka tikaganizira kuti ndi kuwonjezeka mtunda kuchokera nyenyezi za nthawi molondola deta yafupika.

mwambo

Mundawu wa North Star riveted chidwi ofufuza ambiri. Phunzirolo lili mkati, inali kudziŵika kuti North msomali - Cepheid kovuta. nambwibwi zake ndi khalidwe: iwo pang'onopang'ono. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza ankakonda kopanda ndi kuti nyenyezi oyambirira 2000 zilekeke kukhala Cepheid, amene sanayambe chinachitika m'mbiri ya sayansi. Komabe, izi sizinachitike: Mu 1993, ku pulsation matalikidwe kusintha kuimitsidwa. Komanso, panthawi imeneyi nyenyezi m'tsogolo ndi 15%.

danga osawerengeka

Kudziwa mtunda zinthu lakutali ntchito deta za luminosity ndi malo Cepheids zonse pafupi. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, kotala woyamba wa atumwi wotsiriza, wotchuka Edvin Habbl kutumikira mtunda wa Andromeda Nebula , ndipo anatsimikizira kukhalako kwa nyenyezi zina. Lerolino, ozikidwa pa njira ya kuwerengera kukula kwa ambiri Nyenyezi "Commonwealth". Bukuli lili pa luntha panopa lonse wa chilengedwe chonse.

Small "koma"

The nsomba ndi kuti tsiku palibe kugwirizana ambiri pa mtunda ku North Star. Amawatenga chithunzi 400 ndi yaing'ono kuwala zaka kutali, analandira Kanema "Hipparcos" mu 1990. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa zaka zino, ziyenera izi lasintha: choyamba, izo zochepa 330, ndiye kuchuluka kwa zaka 359 kuwala. Pomaliza, mu 2012, David Turner atapereka latsopano kungoganizira - 323 kuwala zaka.

Monga taonera kale, kumalo ozizira Star - wapafupi dongosolo dzuwa Cepheid. Ndi kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezeka mtunda ndi kusintha maganizo athu lonse dziko. Kuchepetsa phindu amapangitsa pang'ono pafupi nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi, komanso zimakhudza ziyenera a kukula kwa chilengedwe chonse. Mafotokozedwe a mtunda ku North Star Amasintha yakeyake lonse kwa chilengedwe anazindikira mphamvu Musaone mtengo wa Unyinji wa nkhani mdima, kungachititse kuti Baibulo la mbali zina za chiphunzitso chakuti thambo.

mbali zakuthambo

Izo zikusonyeza malangizo North Star, monga lonse zimadalira kwenikweni ena katundu dziko. Komabe, iwo tinganene kuti zoperewerazo kudzichepetsa kudzawala ndi ofunika m'dziko navigation magetsi.

North Star ndi kukuwalira dzuwa kwambiri. Adzaupereka kwa kalasi supergiant ali utali wozungulira wamkulu kuposa dzuwa nthawi 46. Kumpoto Nail luminosity nthawi 2500 zambiri kusiyana ndi chizindikiro ofanana a nyenyezi wathu.

Koma si onse: Polaris si nyenyezi umodzi. Iyi ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha nyenyezi atatu, amene amasiyana kukula ndi kuwala. A kumalo ozizira - limazungulira, ndi supergiant yomweyo, pa mtunda chidwi kwa iyo ndi V. kumalo ozizira nyenyezi Izi n'chochepa kwambiri ndi kulemera kwake - 1,39 kokha dzuwa (misa ya Polaris A - 4.5 dzuwa). kwambiri mnzake Supergiants ake ili, kumalo ozizira AB (1,26 Sun kulemera). Chifukwa mtunda yaing'ono kulekanitsa zounikira ziwiri, "ndi mnzake odzichepetsa" kwa nthawi yaitali sanapezeke. chifanizo Chake angakhululukire yekha ndi makinawa "Hubble".

Likukhalira, osati chimene chikusonyeza North Star, kuvumbitsira wapadera kumwamba. Mwambo Cepheid, ndi dongosolo ternary, izo ali maganizo a zakuthambo ambiri. Ndipo izo zikuwoneka ophiphiritsa kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yaitali mu mbiri ya malangizo a North Star (osonyeza njira yake) kuthandiza kuyenda usiku pa expanses nyanja, kapena m'dera lachilendo.

Lero, pamene, m'malo zizindikiro zachilengedwe akadali zambiri ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi zapamwamba Polaris akhala chokhudza malo. Ndipo ngakhale North msomali pa udindo wake watsopano silimanena malangizo komanso chimathandiza kuona patali, phindu lake ndi tanthauzo kwa anthu ndi sayansi wonse si yafupika. Ndipo chifukwa ofufuza za ntchito pa tanthauzo lenileni la mmene North Star ku Sun, chifukwa amaziralira pulsation ake, ndipo musamunyozetse zazing'ono ndipo ngakhale homely, mu maganizo a ankachita yosavuta pa Lapansi, nyenyezi.