Kodi chiphalaphala: tanthauzo. chiphalaphala ndi chiphalaphala Kodi

"Masi kapena wandiweyani mafuta" (Greek), ndi madzi osungunula silicate thanthwe woyaka chikhalidwe. Zimenezi n'zimene chiphalaphala. Kumachitika mu kutumphuka dziko lapansi mu chovala chapamwamba, pa akuya kwambiri. Ndipo pamene kuzirala ake ndipamene miyala khalidwe.

chiphalaphala ndi chiyani? Tanthauzo mu dikishonare

Magwero osiyanasiyana, mawu akuti "chiphalaphala" kutanthauziridwa monga gulu la thanthwe osungunula, amene ali pansi olimba. Amanenanso kapangidwe kake silicate ndi luso kupanga miyala igneous.

magwero

chakuti losonyeza mkati lonse. Kutentha chimasungunula miyala lapadziko, amene chifukwa ali mu mkhalidwe madzi. chiphalaphala ndi chiyani? Izi mwala madzi, akachita chipolopolo zolimba momuzungulira. Zimakhala zosavuta, ndi kulemera kwa mthunzi. Choncho, ndipo limatuluka pamwamba pa kupanikiza. Nthawi zina chiphalaphala si linaphulika kunja, pang'onopang'ono yozizira pansi penapake kwambiri pansi pa dziko lapansi ndi ikamauma. Choncho kwa zaka anapanga mapiri. Obvuta ndi yozizira miyala sangaime ndi kuthamanga mkati chiphalaphala lapansi. Zolakwa uka kudzera amene chiphalaphala amaona utsanulidwa. Iye akadali mu mkhalidwe madzi, zimafalikira pamodzi pansi.

Kodi chimachitika lotsatira

chiphalaphala, amene anaonekera padziko lapansi n'chiyani? Njirayi imatchedwa chiphalaphala. Pambuyo chiphalaphala linaphulika kunja, nthawi yomweyo akuyamba kuziziritsa, zimavuta ndi chilengedwe kunja ndi mlengalenga yozungulira. Izi zimachitika mwachilungamo msanga. Ena zinthu m'gulu zikuchokera zake, musaumitse timibulu ena n'kupanga. awa ndi makhiristo ngati akuyandama mtundu madzi. Ndipo lalikulu la iwo kupanga mapiri chiphalaphala. mapiri zonsezi wapangidwa ndi timibulu ambiri anapatsa basalt. Iwo amatchedwa porphyry.

mipweya

chiphalaphala pamaso pa sayansi zimapangidwira ndi chiyani? Mu thanthwe ili madzi lili zinthu mankhwala ambiri. Pakati pawo, magnesium, sodium, chitsulo ndi potaziyamu. Komanso - zigawo oyaka: chloro, fluoro, haidrojeni , ndi ena. Ndipo ngati chigawo chimodzi, monga nthunzi. Monga pamwamba kumasulidwa oyaka zinthu (chiwerengero chawo) ndi kuchepetsedwa, kumachitika degassing ndondomeko.

Gawo

• Basalt (moyo). Iwo okhala silika (50%) mu wambirimbiri magnesium, chitsulo,, calcium zotayidwa. Mu wamng'ono mmene - titaniyamu, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi sodium wochuluka.
• Lubwe (m'maderawo rhyolite). Lili silika (65%). Ndi kuwonjezera modzadza mpweya ali osalimba poyerekeza basalt lapansi.
• Ndi chikhalidwe cha Kukwezeleza ndi njira ya oipa muli mitundu yambiri ya magmatism. Intrusive mtundu - chiphalaphala solidifies, izo crystallizes mumtima, popanda surfacing. Effusive mtundu - chiphalaphala Inayamba n'kufika pamwamba ndi amaundana kale kumeneko.

ndondomeko solidification

The Sungunulani chiphalaphala zikuphatikizapo zakumwa, mipweya, timibulu olimba mu mkhalidwe wina wa mgwirizano. Mchikakamizo cha chilengedwe voliyumu ya chiphalaphala amakonda kusintha. Ena timibulu mchere ndi kusungunuka, winayo - kachiwiri zimachitika.

Kodi zikutanthauza chiphalaphala? Iyi ndi njira m'malo zovuta, mmene mpweya timibulu olimba umamumvera malamulo ndi mankhwala. Koma ngakhale mofanana zikuchokera chiphalaphala zina zinasinthidwa ndi kutentha ndi anzawo.

kuthira chiphalaphala otaya mlingo zina ukufika 30 Km / h, kutentha - mpaka madigiri 1250. Mu madzi mawonekedwe, ndi chiphalaphala anakhalabe mpaka kutentha pafupifupi 600 madigiri, kenako amayamba alimbitse.

Pankhaniyi, mchere ndi kuwumitsa ndi tikambirane mbali enieni patsogolo, kulenga amkati miyala ya chitsulo, zitsulo sanali akakhala ndi wamtengo wapatali, diamondi. Izi miyala igneous chidzachitika miyala magawo a zovuta za.

chiphalaphala ndi chiphalaphala ndi chiyani?

Monga tanenera kale, chiphalaphala - ndi izvergnuvshayasya chiphalaphala, wopangidwa mwa Sungunulani miyala viscous, makamaka silicate. Chachikulu kusiyana kwa wachiwiri oyamba - palibe mpweya mu chiphalaphala chomwe volatilize pa linanena bungwe "Phula Stone". Chiphalaphala ali ndi vuto pa mtima ukhale ndi kulimbitsa, kuima pasadakhale awo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anapanga mapiri chiphalaphala thanthwe ndipo ngakhale yachonde. Osiyana chiphala chiphalaphala amasiyana zikuchokera, kutentha ndi makhalidwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, carbonate chiphalaphala Chimaona, zofewa, zosavuta kupasuka mu madzi.

kuphulitsa mapiri

Ife tangoganizani kuti dziko lapansi ndi mkati ndi olimba ndi immobile. Ndipotu pansi mpaka kalekale pali kayendedwe ka zinthu zosungunukazo - chiphalaphala. Iye akufunafuna njira pamwamba mwa ming'alu zosiyanasiyana ndi tubules kuti zimachitika kutumphuka dziko lapansi. Kotero kuli mapiri - zomwe anapeza chiphalaphala Inayamba kunja, kusesa zonse mu njira yake. Wa kuphulika wotchuka (ananenedwa ndi sayansi) Tingaone amasulidwe chiphalaphala pa Krakatau chilumba mu 1883. Chifukwa, pachilumbachi inawonongedwa. Kuphulika ankanena pa miyoyo 200,000!