Miyala Igneous

Chibwenzi, miyala magmatic ndi mitundu ambiri, zomwe zimapanga pafupifupi 65% buku okwana kutumphuka dziko lapansi. zinthu izi anapanga ku madzi chiphalaphala ndipo ndizo zotsatira za crystallization ake.

Igneous miyala ndi limagwirira mapangidwe awo

Ndi palibe chinsinsi chimene m'chikondi cha dziko lapansi ndi chiphalaphala - chinthu viscous, imene ili ndi zovuta silicate maofesi, mipweya Polemeretsedwa ndi nthuzi madzi. malo osungunula chiphalaphala kutentha mwina madigiri 1200 Celsius. Chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana Geological (mwachitsanzo, wa divergence mbale tectonic, mapiri akaphulika) amasuntha osungunula chiphalaphala pamwamba.

Monga kuwuka kutentha kwa thunthu imagwera chiphalaphala - choncho pali njira ya crystallization ndi mapangidwe mchere latsopano. Makamaka analimbikitsa chinthu ndi mfundo mkulu limatsogolera - izo amphibole ndi pyroxene. Izi zimachitika malinga unyinji wonse wa chiphalaphala sabwerera mu thanthwe kugonjetsedwa.

miyala Igneous ndi dongosolo lawo

miyala ndi kusiyana ndi dongosolo lawo limene makamaka amadalira liwiro limene Unalimbitsa chiphalaphala. Ngati thunthu ndi utakhazikika pang'onopang'ono, kuuka kwa dziko lapansi, kumabweretsa mapangidwe timibulu lalikulu. Koma kuzirala mofulumira zimakhala zosemphana - ndi timibulu ting'onoting'ono anapanga.

Koma nthawi zambiri kuwuka ndi kuzirala chiphalaphala ndi losanganikirana. Malinga ndi kukula ndi timibulu, igneous miyala anawagawa:

• ravnozernistuyu ndi kapangidwe - iwo zigwirizana ndi timibulu ndi kulemekeza yofanana (mwachitsanzo, plutonic);
• inequigranular ndi kapangidwe - iwo ali timibulu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Gulu la miyala igneous ndi ndondomeko ya zotupa ndi kuzirala chiphalaphala:

1. Olimba - anapanga pamene chiphalaphala watayika mtsinje mosalekeza. Mulinso mitundu awa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• kwambiri - ndi chiphalaphala akamazizira pa mozama. Zikuphatikizapo diorite ndi lubwe;
• effusive - chiphalaphala ndi utakhazikika pa dziko lapansi (porphyrite, basalt).

2. Vulkanooblomochnye zimasokoneza - dzina limasonyeza mmene chiphalaphala akutuluka a m'midzi dziko lapansi. Osungunula thanthwe linaphulika mu mawonekedwe a opopera ndi splashes, chisazirale mu mlengalenga. Ali:

• lotayirira thanthwe (mchenga ndi phulusa la chiphala chamoto);
• manowa (mwachitsanzo, chiphala tuff).

miyala Igneous ndi mineralogical zikuchokera

Pakali pano, pali mitundu zinayi zofunika mchere. Pafupifupi aliyense thanthwe igneous linapangidwa iwo. Ali:

• Khwatsi - ndi mchere wokhala ndi silika crystalline. timibulu Izi opaque ndi mmene galasi luster. Mankhwala chimapirira zotsatira za chilengedwe ndipo mulibe zidulo (kupatulapo asidi hydrofluoric).
• Feldspar - gulu lalikulu la mchere, amene yodziwika ndi m'munsi (poyerekeza ndi khwatsi) kuuma ndi pogawanikana pamawere wangwiro. Iwo utoto mumthunzi yowala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Feldspars anawagawa plagioclase ndi orthoclase. mchere mosavuta ikuwombedwa anatembenukira dongo.
• Mica - mchere ndi pogawanikana pamawere wangwiro ndi otsika kuuma. Oimira ambiri a gulu limeneli - muscovite (mandala Mica) ndi biotite (wakuda). Ngati thanthwe wapangidwa ambiri Mica, katundu makina poipa kwambiri.
• Pyroxene ndi amphibole - thanthwe kupanga mchere, omwe ofanana mipweya. Childs, izi mankhwala enaake a silicates kapena salt awiri kashiamu ndi magnesium.

miyala Igneous ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi nyanja makamaka mankhwala kapangidwe kake: iwo wapangidwa silicates kapena silicates zotayidwa.