Kuzama Neva ku St. Petersburg. Kufotokozera za mtsinje, chidwi mfundo

Neva - mmodzi wa ambiri otchuka, chachikulu ndi lonse mitsinje ya Russia. Mbiri yake umachokera ku akale. ndipozama Kodi a mtsinje? Neva mu Peter ali akuya osiyana m'madera ena. Nthawi zambiri dziwe ndi kusintha m'lifupi. Choncho Neva - kusokonekera kwambiri mu dziko la mtsinje. Nthawi zina chifukwa kusinthasintha ngati kukana headwind amakhala ovuta kwambiri.

Mbiri ya mtsinje

Kuya wa Neva mtsinje amasintha nthawi zonse kalekale a posungira. Mwachitsanzo, pa ankadziwana mtsinje wa m'zaka za m'ma 19 anali 48 TV ndipo njira zimene anapanga chilumba 101. M'zaka za m'ma 20 panali kuchepetsa monga madamu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali 41 okha chilumba. Kale pa malo Neva ali ndi madzi oyera kusambira dziwe ndi kutsekedwa Ancylus Lake. Ndipo pafupi ndi mtsinje Tosna.

Neva kuya anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe mkubwela kwa dziwe. Zonse zinayamba ndi yojambula okulira. Ladoga madzi anafika Gulf wa Finland. Kenako za 4,500 zapitazo, izo anapanga Neva. Pond lili pa nambala pakati pa achinyamata. Ndondomeko lomaliza la mtsinje anatenga zaka 2,500 zapitazo.

Pa msewu wa Scandinavia kwa Agiriki. Neva otchulidwa Moyo wa Alexander Nevsky. M'mphepete mwa nyanja dziko la mtsinje zambiri zasintha eni. M'zaka za m'ma 18, dziwe wakhala gawo la Russian Ufumu. Mu 1912, Neva (Peter) kuya, omwe tsopano kufika mpaka mamita 24, anali yaing'ono. Ndipo zaka 50 kenaka anayamba kuculuka kwa makhalidwe awo. Makamaka pa gwero la thupi madzi.

Kufotokozera za posungira

Neva Utali - makilomita 74, lomwe makilomita 32 ali pa dera la St. Petersburg. M'lifupi pafupifupi dziwe -. 200 mamita 400 A gawo lofunika kwambiri ukufika mamita 1250. gawo ili la mtsinje Neva ili ku zipata, mu ankadziwana ndi. M'lifupi narrowest -. 210 m, pa gwero la Ivanovsky mathithi ndi Cape yuletide.

ndipozama wa Neva chiyani? Izo zimasiyanasiyana, malingana ndi malo gawo la posungira. Mwachitsanzo, pa Ivanovsky mathithi mtsinje kufika akuya mamita anayi, pamene Foundry Bridge - kuti meters twente-foro. Banks wa Neva kupita mwakuya mu kumanja, koma iwo si phompho kwambiri. Chifukwa madzi ziwiya akhoza kubwera pafupi ndi gombe moor.

Area wa Neva - 281 000 makilomita lalikulu. Pa gawo la posungira ali nyanja 50,000 ndi 60,000 mitsinje ndi utali wonse wa makilomita 160 zikwi. Neva umachokera ku Shlisselburgskaya milomo. Ndiye, mtsinje, kufika Gulf wa Finland, ndipamene ankadziwana lalikulu. Pa m'kamwa mwa Neva Mtsinje ndi St. Petersburg. Chifukwa cha mtsinje mzinda, ali ndi kuchuluka kwa njira amatchedwa "Venice wa North".

mbali Hrs

Neva - yekha mtsinje ukuyenda kuchokera Nyanja Ladoga. The ankadziwana linafalitsidwa kwambiri - m'dera la doko. Khalidwe limeneli akanali njira m'dera limene kutha Ivanovo mathithi. Ndiponso, pamene p. Yochepetsetsa amalowa Neva. Malo narrowest izo - pa chiyambi cha Ivanovsky mathithi. Pali M'lifupi mwa mtsinje mamita 210 okha. The bottleneck chachiwiri ndi pakati pa milatho ndi Palace ya mkulu Schmidt. Pali m'lifupi Neva mamita 340 okha. Tikamaphunzira mau, ambiri - kuchokera mamita 400 600.

Kuya wa Neva ku St. Petersburg imasiyana malingana malo. Pafupifupi izi mtengo - kuchokera mamita 8-11. Mfundo kuya - mamita 24. Ndipo mlingo wotsikitsitsa - mamita anayi. Kutalika kwa nyanja - kuchokera mamita 5 mpaka 6, ndipo mkamwa - mamita 2 3. magombe osaya, kusiya mokoma pansi madzi, mu mtsinje Neva pafupifupi ayi.

Pools ndi makhwawa

M'dera la mtsinje beseni pafupifupi 5000 makilomita lalikulu. Koma izi popanda kuphatikizapo mtengo wa Ladoga ndi Onega nyanja. Ngati inu kutenga mtengo ndi iwo, m'dera Neva Mtsinje ndi 281.000 makilomita lalikulu. Waukulu bwino makhwawa - Black Mtsinje ndi Okhta. Kumanzere:

• Slavyanka;
• Murzinka;
• Tosna;
• Izhora;
• Mga.

milatho

Pa Neva pafupifupi onse milatho - makina. Zimenezi ikuchitika usiku, kuti ndimeyi ziwiya m'madzi. A okwana khumi Neva drawbridges, khumi amene mkuuka tsiku. Izi zichitike mogwirizana ndi ndandanda yeniyeni. Mu 2004, koyamba ndiponso milatho atathana anatsegula. Iye natchedwa Big Obukhov. M'litali - mamita 2824.

amakono Neva

Mu 2004, chinatseguka mlatho watsopano kudutsa Neva Mtsinje pa mphete Road. Mu 2007 unayambitsidwa mu "amapasa" maofesi kutumidwa. Ndipo mu January chaka chino pa izo inatsegulidwa magalimoto. Kuya wamkulu wa Neva mamita twente-foro. Ndipo palibe malo posungira si shoals lalikulu. Pa Neve anakhazikitsa zoyendera zonyamula madzi. Nthawi zambiri pa dziwe kusambira maboti alendo.

Chibwenzi, imodzi mwa zolinga zikuluzikulu za mtsinje ndi madzi a St. Petersburg ndi midzi yake. Izi zosowa za Neva masamba m'ma 95 peresenti madzi. Iye mosamala kukonzedwa pa asanu a mzinda matamanda a madzi.

Usodzi Neva

Pa Neve nsomba m'deralo. Gulf wa Finland akupitiriza spawning smelt. Ndipo pamwamba wa Neva mwangwiro anagwira nsomba. Asodzi osankhidwa Kutuzov Embankment. Pa nthawi imeneyi, inu aigwire Arctic gale-, njoka yam'madzi, mumapezeka nsomba ndi chub. M'malo mwa mkulu Schmidt Embankment anagwira:

• Nsombazi;
• mtsinje mumapezeka nsomba ;
• Grayling;
• nsomba;
• Pike;
• bream;
• burbot;
• Choncho,.

Komanso malo otchuka m'dera asodzi Petro ndi Paulo Linga ndi Pirogovskaya embankment. Nthawi zina, anagwira nsomba waukulu kwambiri. Pike mmwamba makilogalamu 15, ndipo perches - 8 makilogalamu.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Kuyambira ndi 1895-1910 biennium. ayezi pa Neva Mtsinje anatumikira monga yozizira boti kuti adalumikiza nkhani ya Vasilevsky Island ndi zigawo zina za St. Petersburg. Ndipo mu 1936, mtsinjewo anakhala ndi kumakula mlatho konkire. Iye natchedwa Volodarsky.

Pakuti Neva khalidwe osati a White usiku, komanso zimabwerera. Pomanga St. Petersburg anasefukira mzinda ankaona chilango Mulungu chilangonso ndi changa. Ndipo mu mbiri ya limatiuza kuti madzi anaimirira 25. Kwa nthawi yaitali kunali kosatheka kukhazikitsa chifukwa cha zochitika zimenezi. Yomanga ngalande kulola madzi kupita ducts lapansi.

Chifukwa, chakuya Neva mtsinje zonse kusintha. Madzi pa nthawi zochepa. Chofukula nthaka ankagwiritsa ntchito pa maziko a nyumba. Mu 1777, Neva yafalikira kwambiri, ndipo anayamba kumanga ducts. Koma njira zimenezi pa madzi si kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi zitsulo mu mitsempha yaikulu zoyendera.

Only m'zaka 19 mochedwa, asayansi anali kudziwa chifukwa cha vutoli. Kunapezeka kuti mafunde a nyanja ya Baltic kugwera mu Neva wamasiyeyo ndi mlingo wake wa mamita awiri ndi theka. Ndipo pamene mphepo ndi kuchita mpaka mamita anayi. Choncho Neva kuya kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Kuteteza St. Petersburg ku Kusefukira kwa madzi mu 1979, ntchito yomanga damu anayamba.

Iye anadzera Kronstadt, ndi kulumikizana ku gombe la Gulf. Koma yomanga mosakhalitsa pa nthawi kuzizira. ndalama sikokwanira. Ndipo chiyambi cha damu amene anamaliza yekha mu 2006 anaikidwa kugwira ntchito mu 2011. Tsopano, ngakhale pamene Neva limatuluka kuti yovuta mamita anayi, Saint-Petersburg mzinda amakhalabe kukuteteza. damu lakonzedwa kuukitsa madzi mpaka mamita asanu.