Banyan: mtengo-munda ndi chizindikiro cha India

Chikhalidwe cha zolengedwa zake kugunda ndipo anagunda anthu. Mwa zodabwitsa za mbewu imodzi chidwi kwambiri ndi banyan mtengo (chithunzi m'munsimu), amene zowoneka anazindikira nkhalango.

mitundu ya banyan

zomera wa ficus yaikulu, ndipo ndi wachibale wa wamba chipinda maluwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya izo:

• Bengal banyan: epiphytic-mtengo chitukuko oyambirira amamangiriridwa ku zomera zina. Mbewu kugwa pa mtengo chonyamulira ntchito mbalame. Rostock umabala nambala yaikulu mizu mlengalenga. Ambiri a iwo uphwetsa, kufikira pansi. Komabe, anthu amene anakwanitsa kufika izo, pezani mitengo ikuluikulu zonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezera ndi korona. Ndi mtundu kawirikawiri akutanthauzanji dzina la banyan lapansi.
• Mtengo wa mtundu wachiwiri chikudziwika ngati Ficus religiosa. Izi epiphyte chomera si. Ndi amalimanso mizu mlengalenga, amene athamanga mu nthaka ndi mothandizidwa ndi korona yaikulu. Izi mtengo banyan wakula ndi mafani wa maluwa m'nyumba. Kunyumba, kutalika kwake si kuposa mita kapena awiri. Wotero "mkuyu" analandira bonsai chabe zodabwitsa.

Onse mitundu ndi zofala India ndipo lodziwika, kuwonjezera pa mitundu wapachiyambi, m'badwo (mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo lonse) shellac - utomoni wapatali kwambiri. Kuwonjezera India, za nthawi munthu wa mtengo banyan umakhala Indonesia ndi China.

N'chifukwa chiyani wotchedwa

Dzina odziwika a "banyan" mtengo analandira kuchokera British ndi Chipwitikizi. Alendo Chikondi taonera Indian amalonda - banias - wotsala pansi pa nthambi za yaikulu mkuyu n'kulitcha amalonda (m'Chingerezi banias mtengo). M'kupita kwa nthawi, mtengo adatayika, ndipo panali chabe "banyan". Tsopano dzina ili amadziwika anthu ambiri kuposa nduna "ficus Chibengali."

Wopatulika zomera phindu

Tree-banyan mitengo ulemu Abuda ndi Ahindu. Zakale amakhulupirira kuti pansi pa Buddha atapeza choonadi. Mu chi Hindu, ndiye mtengo wa Brahma ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wosatha, moyo wosatha ndi kubadwanso. Tikabwerera pang'ono m'mbuyo pansi akukwera kumwamba - ndi mosalekeza mu bwalo ngati gudumu la Samsara. Kwa amayi banyan likuimira chonde; m'mabuku akale iye amatchedwa Mtengo World. Ena magwero timachitcha icho ku mtengo wa chidziwitso, kuti n'zotheka pansi chimodzimodzi moyo Adamu ndi Hava pamaso tchimo. Yomweyo anapita kwa amuna anzeru kusinkhasinkha ndiponso kusinkhasinkha wosatha. Pamwamba pa banyan mtengo - chizindikiro mtengo wa India.

Onani kuti m'malo ena alendo a India ankafuna "civilize" banyan munda. Kenako zimayikidwa akachisi ang'ono ndi matchalitchi, pansi pa denga okonzeka ndi mabenchi ndi njira. Komabe, ambiri a zatsopano zimenezi zimachititsa mavuto kwa mtengo, monga anthu akananena kuti sasamala. Pali milandu kumene, chifukwa cha nkhanza zawo mbali minda ya mitengo zatha. Great Banyan ngakhale ndikulondera ena semblance la Environmental Police, amene amateteza izo kwa alendo.

The banyan yaikulu

Kodi ankaona ngwazi mtengo, kukangana Bangalore, Sri Lanka ndi kolkata. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi Sri Lankan chomera wamkulu wake kale 350 pachimake, kulimbitsa ndi kukhala wandiweyani mitengo ikuluikulu. A zabwino ndipo anachita zambiri zoposa zikwi zitatu. Komano, Great Banyan wa Calcutta ali ndi zaka 200-250, kutalika kwa korona wake m'madera ena ukufika mamita 25, ndipo malo mtengo-munda pafupifupi theka mahekitala. Komabe, mu 25 Mu zaka zapitazo, chidwi ndi mphezi mu Great Banyan. Kunapezeka kuti tsinde ng'ambidwa, ndipo amayenera kudula. Kotero kuti kukopera sanathe kuonedwa kuti ngati mtengo umodzi, panopa atulukira ngati njuchi clonal.

Goa achisangalalo pa mtengo banyan sizinawakhudze ngati zamitundu zosaneneka, komanso zilipo zokwanira chidwi cha alendo. Koposa apa, mu Arambol, amakula ndi lodziwika bwino banyan mtengo - mtengo umene ankati kamodzi kusinkhasinkha ndi "Beatles" hemp. Ngakhale akatswiri gulu kangapo anatsutsa nthano imeneyi (mu «Beatles» India ankakhala Rishikesh), alendo padziko lonse adakali amakana kukhulupirira mu nthano. Choncho mafani wa gululo, kufika Goa, ndithudi kukaona mtengo wokondedwa - kutenga chithunzi, ganizirani mkulu ndi maganizo kuphatikiza ndi mafano awo.