Kazan Kremlin: zithunzi ndi ndemanga. The Annunciation Cathedral wa Kazan Kremlin

Likulu la Tatarstan - mmodzi wa malo wamkulu wa chitukuko - ambiri wotchedwa "Mzinda wa zipilala apadera." Ndipo ndithu, mwa zowoneka olemera ndi miyambo ya dziko Kazan anakula m'badwo kuposa wina asayansi ndi ophunzitsa, olemba ndakatulo ndi akatswiri a zojambulajambula, asilikali ndiponso anthu ophweka. Mbiri ya mzinda zogwirizana ndi tsoka la Derzhavin, Pushkin, Chaliapin, L. Tolstoy, Lobachevsky ndi ena.

zambiri

Kazan makhalidwe awo mbiri zosiyanasiyana ndi kusunga miyambo si wochepa ndi mizinda ngati St. Petersburg kapena Moscow. Pachifukwa chabwino amaona kuti Russia ndi likulu la chitatu. Ake zipilala mapulani ndi wofunika kwambiri pa mbiri ya Russia. Koma katswiri monga Syuyumbike - nsanja tsankhu, nyumba zakale za m'masiku a Ivan m'khutu, zinasungidwa ku nthawi ino ya Annunciation Cathedral wa Kazan Kremlin zovuta Cannon pabwalo (kuyambira Petrovsky nthawi), anagunda mitundu wake mapulani. Komanso, m'nyumba ya bwanamkubwa kwa Kul-Sharif Mosque analandira udindo World Heritage.

Mu mothandizidwa UNESCO watengedwa ndi yekhayo amene alipo pa dziko lapansi lero Chitata linga, anamanga zaka zambiri zapitazo ndipo anapitiriza mbali wapachiyambi. Izi Kazan Kremlin, chithunzi pa maziko a chimene chimabweretsa kunyumba iliyonse alendo amene anapita kumzinda.

Pearl Tatarstan

Kumangidwa oyambirira a linga anayamba m'zaka za m'ma leveni. Pa phiri, umene tsopano imakongoletsa dongosolo wakale, anakakhala Bulgar mafuko anayamba kumanga matabwa asilikali kunja - ya Kazan Kremlin.

Kazan ali kusintha, ndi citadel, ndi mausoleums ake ndi misikiti analipo mpaka cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Koma mu 1552, chaka mzindawo unali pa muzu anawononga Ivanom Groznym. Yomanga inayamba mu chaka chomwecho, wina watsopano Russian achitetezo pa magombe a Volga. Pskov ake anamanga ambuye, zimene zinachititsa Postnik Yakovlev Ivan Shiryaev.

zomangamanga

Kazan Kremlin ali anapangidwa ndi makoma akale. Iwo kwathunthu anamanga laimu woyera wa Volga. Nsanja ya Kazan Kremlin kuchuluka kwa ndalama eyiti akale a chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo linamangidwa ndi Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral. Patapita - m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu - linamangidwa Syuyumbike - nsanja tsankhu. The zovuta kwa nyumba pa Cannon pabwalo ndi sukulu usilikali zinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndi Kul-Sharif Mosque - mu nthawi yathu.

Pa phiri limene anamanga Kazan Kremlin, ndi mbali zitatu atazunguliridwa ndi madzi. Iwo anali malo wangwiro yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Oyambirira kulimbitsa Chibugariya mafuko woyendayendawu anaonekera m'mphepete mwa mtsinje waung'ono kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi ndi khumi, ngakhale ena amapeza archeological ndi chitsimikizo kuti kuthetsa pa malo pali kale kwambiri.

Mbiri ya Kazan Kremlin

Stone linga anamangidwira cholinga cha chitetezo malire kumpoto cha Volga Bulgaria. Pofika cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu Mongol makamu, kutsogozedwa ndi Batu Khan, ife patsogolo kwambiri kum'mawa kwambiri ku Ulaya. The ulamuliro wa Golden gulu unakhazikitsidwa osati pa Russia ndi Crimea. Pa nthawi yomweyo anagwa ndi Bulgaria, kukhala m'chigawo Mongolian.

Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha mzinda wa Bulgar, likulu latsopano anagwidwa Kazan. Local Kremlin anakhala okhala wolamulirayo, ndi mzinda anadzatchedwa. Koma anthu am'deralo musatenge dzina latsopano, kotero ukulu wa anadziwika chigawo Kazan.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Golden gulu mu 1438, chaka ndi khanate palokha anakhazikitsidwa. Anayamba ntchito kwambiri kulimbikitsa mwala makoma a boma la Russia. Iwo ali, monga olemba, anali "kufikako njira."

Pa gawo la nyumba ya zinamangidwa ndi mzikiti - mwala Nur-Ali Khan ndi nkhuni, yomwe kenako dzina la Seid Kul-Sharif. Iye ndiye anali mu 1552-mamita kumbuyo Kazan Kremlin asilikali Ivana Groznogo.

Russian linga

Mpaka lero palibe amene anapulumuka ngakhale nyumbayi Khan a. Komanso, pamene pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi Kazan Kremlin inasanduka Russian linga m'munda wa nyumba Muslim - "Center ya osakhulupirira" - anayamba kumanga mipingo Orthodox. Ngakhale Syuyumbike, mpaka m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, molakwa amati ndi nyumba nyengo Khan, iwo inamangidwa patapita nthawi yaitali, mu nthawi ya Russian. Izi chinaonetsedwa ambiri miyambo ya zomangamanga, makamaka pilasters ndi malo zithunzi.

Atalandidwa mzinda Ivan Grozny anatumiza kuti mapulani. Iwo anayamba ku nyumba yatsopano. Choyamba, nyumba zikuluzikulu - akachisi ndi nsanja - anamangidwira matabwa. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti mwala woyamba anamanga mpingo zochepazi polemekeza Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.

zogona lachifumu

Mu theka zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, Nicholas Ine kusankha kuti kazembe adzakhala uzichita ntchito za kazembe wa mfumu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo anafuna kuti Kazan Kremlin, ndi chithunzi chimene umaonetsa monumentality cha zovuta izi kamangidwe, adzakhala malo okhala lachifumu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kumanga ndi m'nyumba ya bwanamkubwa. pamalowo udaikidwa ndi wamanga Konstantin tani. Kuti iye ndi wa lingaliro la kulenga mwa Kazan yafupika analogue a Big Kremlin Palace. Pa ndondomeko yomanga kwambiri panokha Nicholas I. The chifukwa inali nyumba yomwe yakhala yowala chitsanzo cha wosanganiza kalembedwe Chirasha Byzantine, decorates wa Kazan Kremlin.

ulendo

M'mbiri ake zikwi-chaka cha zovuta misewu mobwerezabwereza anasintha maonekedwe ake. Koma anasunga pansi pa nthaka kuika maziko a mizikiti akale ndi nsanja, komanso ambiri m'manda mpaka tsopano. Tsopano mu nyumbayi ali lotseguka kwa alendo wa Kazan Kremlin anadzipereka osati kwa mpanda wolimba zakale koma ambiri mbiri ya anthu a chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu ndi chikhalidwe cha m'dera lino. Ndi chikumbukiro Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo okumbukira mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu zikwi za Tatarstan, amene sanabwerere ku kutsogolo.

Spasskaya nsanja

Chinthu choyamba chimene alendo onani, loyenera Kazan Kremlin ndi Spasskaya Tower. Linapangidwa mu kalembedwe Bulgar ndi surmounted ndi awiri mutu mphungu. Nsanja inamangidwa 1660. Nthawi zambiri kusinthidwa ndi kumangidwanso.

Kuwonjezera pa Spassky Tower, mpanda wolimba anakhalabe asanu zambiri nyumba zofanana - Kuuka, Chiwalitsiro, South East ndi South West, Consistory, mayina ndi Taynitskaya.

Syuyumbike

Cholinga cha gulu loyimba Akuyandikira nyumba imeneyi. Pamwamba pa atatsamira wotchuka mamita awiri, nsanja anayamba chidendene yomweyo pambuyo yomanga. Pofika mu 1930 TH ogwiritsa ngodya wafika mfundo zovuta mazana makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu masentimita. Ndipo ngati si adzabwezeretse ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito, mayina ake akanakhala zambiri.

Tower otchedwa Syuyumbike anazindikira mapulani chizindikiro likulu la Tatarstan. Kugonjera popanda Kazan ndi zosatheka, komanso Egypt popanda mapiramidi, ndipo Paris - popanda Tower Eiffel.

Umenewu nsikidzi silhouette la nyumba iyi amakopa chidwi cha alendo, ndipo limatiuza nkhani ya nthano alidi chidwi. Apa pali mmodzi wa iwo. Ivanu Groznomu omwe anagonjetsa Kazan, zapamwamba kukongola-mfumukazi. Komabe, Syuyumbike kwambiri, analandira kuchokera akafunsiridwa ukwati ndi Russian mfumu, anapereka chikhalidwe: kumanga masiku asanu ndi nsanja, pamwamba mzinda wa sadzatero. Nthawi imeneyi cholakalaka ake anakwaniritsidwa. Ndipo iye Syuyumbike ankati amasankha kunena tiwonana kwa anthu awo ankakonda, kuti chipinda chino ndipo anathamanga izo. Kuyambira pamenepo, nsanja ndipo anayamba n'kubwerera pansi ...

Palace bwanamkubwa

Omangawo odzitukumula osati mtengo chikhalidwe. Masiku ano, monga kalelo, amagwira ntchito ndale ndi boma. Monga pa nthawi imene yachifumu, tsopano Palace - malo okhala a Purezidenti wa Tatarstan. Mu ambiri a nyumba yoyandikana linaikidwa mautumiki ndi m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana.

Cathedral wa Annunciation

Iye alidi mmodzi wa zipilala wamkulu wa zomangamanga Russian, zisungidwe likulu la Republic. The Annunciation Cathedral wa Kazan Kremlin anakhazikitsidwa mu October 1552, m'chaka chachinayi mkulu wa Ivana Groznogo. mpingo matabwa unadulidwa m'masiku atatu okha mu kwambiri wopanda munthu. Ndipo tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi la mwezi izo opatulidwira polemekeza Annunciation lapansi. Ndi wapadera tchalitchi kugwirizana zambiri izi za ntchito ya ambiri a oyera a Kazan, apa iwo ali m'manda. Bwino anapulumutsidwa ndi khungu la bishopu woyamba wa chigawocho - Bishop Gury. Ndipo kumbali yakum'mawa a linga anasunga mozizwitsa wakale Zojambula pakhoma zosonyeza chifaniziro cha Nkhope Woyera wa Mpulumutsi.

Kul-Sharif Mosque

Luso wa Kazan Kremlin mndandanda kwanu ndi masiku, koma wokongola kwambiri nyumbayi. Iwo Kul-Sharif Mosque. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pemphero wapadera mu izo Belo tsiku twente-wachinayi wa June cha 2005. Chimakwirira dzina Saida Kul-Sharif. Icho chinali Imam wa mzikiti otchedwa Al-Kabir, omwe analipo pano mu nthawi ya ku Kazan Khanate anawonongedwa ndi asilikali Ivana Groznogo.

Masiku ano, Kul-Sharif imatengedwa msonkho ndi kulemekeza makolo. Mzikiti ndi kaphatikizidwe kwambiri yoyambirira ya masitaelo a kamangidwe ndi miyambo, ambiri mu dziko la chisilamu.

Kul-Sharif inamangidwa lero ali pabwino monga mzikiti waukulu onse okhala padziko dziko Chitata. Izi chikondwerero Lachisanu Muslim mpingo, pemphero ndi kuwerenga mu izo kangapo patsiku. Kwenikweni mzikiti kubwera khamu la alendo, amene palibe tsiku ndi tsiku kapena maholide.

Momwe

Kazan Kremlin lili kumanzere banki ya amayi Volga. Mukhoza afike mabasi 6, 29, 37, 35, 47 ndi ena. Njira, ndi trolley, komanso mobisa. siteshoni "Kremlin" wamangidwa pafupi ndi izo. Anthu amene kufika mabasi ndi magalimoto, mukhoza kutuluka pa siteji "komanso", "St. Bauman "," Sports Palace "kapena" chapakati bwaloli. "

Access ku Kazan Kremlin ndi ufulu. Kodi kudutsa chipata ku Spassky Tower.

Reviews

Pambuyo ulimi wa nyumba zovuta mapulani lowonongeka. Koma pamene mu nineties Mu zaka zapitazo Kazan Kremlin analandira udindo wa okhala Purezidenti wa Tatarstan, kumeneko anayamba kuchitidwa ntchito yobwezeretsa. Lero, alendo kuitana linga ili wakale wa chosaiwalika woyamba wa mzinda, kumene iliyonse centimeter wa mbiri chinamulowerera.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, ntchito inayambika yomanga mzikiti Kul Sharif. Ndipo lero ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu lonse Europe. Ndipo mu 2003, m'bwalo wakhomo ndi chosema ophiphiritsa unakhazikitsidwa ndi Annunciation Cathedral. Iwo ankatchedwa "mapulani wa Kazan Kremlin." Ndi ziboliboli mapulani - Russian ndi Chitata - kuyang'ana ntchito zawo. Ndipotu, zipatso za ntchito yawo - wapadera kamangidwe gulu loyimba - analengedwa ndi moyo khama la anthu awiri.

Alendo akudandaula: kuyendera onse a Kazan Kremlin zowoneka limodzi kapena masiku awiri sikokwanira. Ena mwa anthu omwe sangathe nthawi, kusankha malo. Chimakhala maola angapo ndipo Ndipafupifupi mazana asanu rubles gulu la anthu teni. Yochititsa chidwi kwambiri alendo kwa Annunciation Cathedral wa Kazan Kremlin. Omangawo moyera-ndi buluu buluu domes, malinga ndi okhulupirira ambiri, chimangobwerera dziko lawo.

Chiyambi cha Zakachikwi izi Kazan Kremlin anakomana m'gulu la UNESCO cholowa. Izi akonzedwa wapadera mfundo - umboni zokwera ndi zotsika kwa anthu lonse, amene panthawi zosiyanasiyana kumene kuli dera Volga - nthawizonse taonera ndemanga zawo, amene ankabwera kuno.