Katemera chitumbuwa masika: bwanji kuti

Aliyense nyakulima maloto pafupi ndi pa chiwembu wanu monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana wabwino wa mitengo ndi kupeza mbewu khola ndi zochepa za ndalama m'dera dziko. Chifukwa chaichi, katemera anapanga masika chitumbuwa pa kale kapena mwafesedwa zomera wamng'ono.

chitumbuwa Ankalumikiza

Mfundo katemera ku mitundu ina yamatcheri ndi mwala zipatso zokhudzana zomera, monga chitumbuwa kapena maula, ndiye kuti mtengo yozizira-Hardy kuphunzitsa mitundu regionalized kuti timakhala chisanu ndi bwino zochokera kwa zinthu nyengo ya m'derali. Choncho, katemera akutenga katundu wa m'munsi mwa mtengo, ndipo potero kumaonjezera mitundu chisanu komanso kukana kuti zinkachitika m'deralo kukula. Katemera yamatcheri wotchuka kwambiri pa chitumbuwa m'chaka, monga yokha salola nyengo frosty.

Ankalumikiza angagwiritsidwe ntchito achinyamata ndi wamkulu zomera kusinthidwa. Cherry mwala zipatso ntchito ngati kumezanitsa, ndipo kwa mitundu ina mwala zipatso monga yamatcheri, nthuza kapena zambiri chikhalidwe mitundu yamatcheri. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito njira zimenezi:

• Diso pa makungwa, nip mu thunthu.
• Odulidwa mbali.
• Mu rasschepku.
• Kopulirovkoy bwino.

yokonza chitsa cha

Rootstocks, zomwe zigwiritsidwe ntchito hereinafter, ayenera kukhala osati thicker kuposa 1 cm. Mphukira ndi kukolola Mwaichi asanalankhule kumezetsanitsa ndondomeko. Kuti tichite zimenezi, woyenera wathanzi ndi kale kubala zipatso mitengo. nthambi odulidwa otengedwa impso ndi zooneka ndi 40 masentimita m'litali.

Ngati chitsa, amene anakonza ntchito ngati katemera, wakhala maluwa masamba, ndiye iwo ayenera kuchotsedwa pamodzi ndi petioles, komanso ngati kuchotsa nsonga za udzu.

Katemera chitumbuwa masika mothandizidwa ndi kudula ikuchitika April pamene kuyamwa otaya mu mitengo ayamba. Panthawi imeneyi makungwa a mtengo mosavuta alibe, choncho ntchito njira zonse zokhudza zosangalatsa makungwa ku tsinde chachikulu ndi kukulunga kumezetsanitsa pansi. pasukuluyi ayenera kukhala wangwiro pamaso Mphukira, mwinamwake rootstocks bwino ndinazoloŵera.

Mphukira anafuna katemera, ngakhale pambuyo yokolola ndi kusungidwa tsamba kugwa kukhazikitsa mu mdima, ozizira, ambiri a iwo prikopalis mu mchenga coarse, utuchi kapena peat, amene nthawi zonse wothira. Pa kutentha izi zili sayenera upambana madigiri atatu.

Komanso mphukira akhoza kukolola m'chaka, theka lachiwiri ili la March, isanafike kutupa kwa masamba rootstocks zofunika kusungidwa mu firiji pa mlingo pamene kutentha kwa madigiri 1 mpaka 3. Pakuti ichi m'pofunika anawaika iwo mu wosanjikiza wa cellophane kale wokutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza kapena pepala. Nthawi moisten nkhani imene zimayambira, ndi kupewa kuumitsa kunja.

Ndi ovuta ndondomeko

chitumbuwa kasupe inoculation chachitika ndi mpeni wakuthwa, okhoza kupanga gawo, osati kuwononga kapena fluffing tsinde minofu. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti zigawo lotseguka ali ndithu mofulumira oxidized, kotero muyenera mwamsanga agwire ntchito lonse, amene amatipatsa engrafting bwino kaye pa tsinde.

Ikani Scion Onetsetsani kuti kukulunga Manga pulasitiki, ndi chifukwa cha ichi mungagwiritse ntchito tepi magetsi. malekezero Open zigawo ayenera ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa munda Vara, amene angawateteze ku atayanika kunja, choncho asamwalire. Njira adzakhala kuphimba dongosolo lonse wosanjikiza zina filimu kapena pepala zavetrivaniya.

Spring katemera

Za mtundu wina wotchuka wa vaccinations - kasupe pogwiritsa ntchito kudula. Rootstocks njira imeneyi kukolola mu kugwa kapena m'mwezi woyamba yozizira. Tengani cuttings kutalika kwa osachepera 50 masentimita. Chifukwa chaichi, ntchito nthambi zaka, kuposa chaka. Iwo akhoza kusungidwa, kuwonjezera pa njira pamwamba ananena kuti, ngakhale snegovaniem. Njira imeneyi imakhala chakuti cuttings ali omangidwa mitolo wandiweyani, atakulungidwa mu thumba pulasitiki ndi mpukutu ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa chisanu mapazi osachepera awiri. kulowerera amenewa ladzala ndi utuchi kapena peat. Ikani zapamwamba pa kumpoto kwa nyumba, ndi matalala kwa ndithu nthawi yaitali sanali kusungunula. Kutentha akadakwanitsira pamene si zosakwana 2 koma osapitirira 10 madigiri Celsius.

Katemera chitumbuwa pa chitumbuwa masika

Pakuti immunizations ndi mitengo yabwino kwambiri panopa ku fupa, amatchedwa "Dychko". Iwo yabwino wosakanikirana kuti zinkachitika m'deralo nyengo ndi mokwanira Hardy pochitika sukulu izi khalidwe kuti katemera.

Mulinso mitundu mwala mizu bwino ndi mzake mbewu zambiri, koma kawirikawiri m'magulu awiri:

• Maula. Zikuphatikizapo nthula, maula, apurikoti, pichesi, amondi anamva chitumbuwa.
• Cherry. Mu gulu ili monga chitumbuwa, okoma chitumbuwa ndi hybrids.

Kumagulu awa akhoza bwinobwino kuti immunized ndi zosiyanasiyana wina ndi mzake. Izi zikhoza katemera chitumbuwa pa chitumbuwa masika, chithunzi chitsanzo Tingaone pansipa.

Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa magulu mtanda inoculation ndi chitumbuwa maula m'chaka.

mawu

Nkofunikira kusunga nthawi zina allocated ntchito monga kumezetsanitsa mitengo ya zipatso. Pa izi zimatengera bwino pomwepo. Chiyambi nthawi kuyamwa otaya zambiri imagwera kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, malingana ndi mmene oyambirira masika, ndipo pamene iwo anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe ndi masamba ndi pathupi. Wapakati tsiku kutentha akadali otsika. Komabe, malingana ndi nyengo nyengo katemera akhoza anawonjezera mpaka May kapena June. Muyeso zofunika mu nkhani iyi ndi mmene impso maluwa katemera, monga iwo ayenera kukhala matalala. Mu mtengo uwu, zomwe zakonzedwa kuti katemera, zingakhale onse kugona ndi mawonekedwe zokula mokwanira. Choncho, tingadziwe masiku a chitumbuwa katemera ku oyambirira April kuti mochedwa May.

Chomera yaikulu akhoza kupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi amakhalanso ndi ntchito njira za kumezetsanitsa mungu kuti udzabereke mitundu zofunika.

Mmene katemera pa chitumbuwa mu kasupe

Katemera ikuchitika pa mtunda wa 20-25 masentimita ku tsinde. Mtunda Izi mulingo woyenera, chifukwa ngati inu kupeza bwino katemera pa tsinde, nthambi kulowerera ndi kufunika kuchotsa ambiri mphukira. Ndipo ngati inu kupanga katemera pamwamba, ngati mitengo akhoza mwangozi winawake izo.

The yopindulitsa kwambiri ndi inoculation wa chitumbuwa mu kasupe pa mbande achinyamata pa zaka ziwiri zimene sizili abwino makhalidwe awo MITUNDU. Pakuti kupanga mpheto amenewa ndi kusankha bwino njira ulusi, timapangira kapena kukhala wofanana ndi awiri a cuttings lapansi.

Zikatero, ngati diameters ndi waukulu kudula ulusi lifanane inoculation ikuchitika ntchito kopulirovki bwino. Kuchita izi, pa tsinde ndi Scion kuchita chimodzimodzi zigawo oblique, amene ayenera Choncho lifanane ndi mzake, komanso kufunika pamaso pa lilime. Atangotuluka amaveka, kuti pafupi ndithu ndi mzake, likugwirizana ndi mwamphamvu womangidwa.

Ngati kachigawo wellbore chachikulu ndi wamkulu kuposa awiri a kudula, ndiye zochita omwewo anachita, koma ambiri thunthu zigawo, kaŵirikaŵiri mzere lateral. Pambuyo kusintha zigawo cuttings ndi zamkati pa tsinde iwo mwamphamvu chokhudzana ndi mnzake ndi kupanga banding.

Piping ayenera kukhala wandiweyani monga icho chidzachitidwa. Kudula mudzasankha atathana, wamkulu mwayi wa kupulumuka. M'madera onse ali zigawo kuti atsegulidwa, ndi chithope phula munda. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iwo womangidwa pepala kapena cellophane, ku chigawo osati zavetrivalis ndi bwino anachiritsidwa.

chisamaliro zina

Pambuyo inoculation bwino anagwidwa mbewu yaikulu, izo anamasulidwa ku cellophane chivundikiro n'kulola kukula momasuka mu mlengalenga, koma nthawi zina pofuna kukhazikitsa zabwino thunthu, chifukwa si mokwanira amphamvu ndipo akhoza kuonongeka ndi mphepo kapena zovuta kuyenda. Pakuti ichi m'pofunika zoika tayala kufanana mu malo ndi coalescence wabwino rewind ndi tsinde ndi kumezanitsa.

Komanso, chisamaliro ayenera kumwedwa kuthetsa zanthete anakafika ku mtengo kholo, amene adzachotsa mphamvu ya moyo ndi mphamvu ya katemera.

feteleza zina

Pamene katemera anapanga chitumbuwa mu kasupe, nthawi ndi njira ntchito yake mwachindunji amadalira nyengo ndi gawo azilandira ukufalikira mitengo. Komabe, si onse amene amasankha bwino chifukwa komaliza. Kutukula machiritso ndi chitukuko cha katemera achinyamata mitengo ayenera kudyetsedwa asafe feteleza. Iwo kwambiri kumapangitsanso kukula. Mu autumn, m'pofunika chakudya kapena potaziyamu wa phosphate feteleza. Iwo adzapereka kukana bwino chisanu ndi kuteteza katemera imfa.

Pamene bwino ikuchitika mwai pa chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha scions wamng'ono udzabala mbewu zimene kuchepetsa kwinaku. Ndi zomera anabzala mu nthaka kuyembekezera yokolola osati mwamsanga kuposa zaka 5. Ndiponso, adzapulumutsa danga pa chiwembu, monga mtengo umodzi zingabweretse mitundu mpaka faifi kapena sikisi popanda m'madera ambiri pansi ankafika awo.