Kachisi wa Arhangela Gavriila, Menshikov Tower: kufotokoza, mbiri, mmisiri wake ndi chidwi mfundo

Zolotoverkh Moscow mwadzaza mipingo ndi steeples mkulu, nsanja, koma pali mpingo, anamasulidwa mwa toyesa mwambo wa Moscow zomangamanga. Iwo ali odzipereka kwa Arhangelu Gavriilu. Ili amatunga Oyera, kutali kudutsa alendo, Muscovites amadziwika pansi pa dzina la "Menshikov Tower."

Kachisi mu mzinda wopha

Kutchula koyamba za mpingo, wopatulidwa polemekeza Arhangela Gavriila, zopezeka mu mbiri kuyambira 1551. malo ake anali Myasnitskaya Pamudzi, malinga ndi miyambo ya pa nthawi iyo inkatchedwa Mpingo Arhangela Gavriila kuti wopha lapansi. Koma panali wina Moscow Hrs tanthauzo, lamangirizidwa ku malo a kachisi - kachisi Gavriila Velikogo zinyalala mchere.

Nkhani amapita kuti kuthetsa analitcha ndi wopha anthu otanganidwa okhala izo. Opha nyama mwazisiya zinyalala zonse kuyambira malonda awo mu dziwe, ndi fungo la iwo anadza zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Mpaka 1639 mpingo amasamala rector ndi uyamiko kwa zopereka zambiri zochokera kwa olemera wamba inamangidwa cha mwala, kukodzedwa n'kuikonzanso. Kenako, dzina kuthetsa linasinthidwa, ndipo malo anatchedwa Gavriilovskoy Pamudzi, m'malo mwa kachisi.

Menshikov akuyamba ndipo alibe kumaliza

A ankakonda Peter Ine, Alexander Menshikov, mu 1699 anagula malo mu mzinda wa nyama. Chifukwa chikhalidwe yogwira mtima wofuna kupereka phindu akubwera ndi amatidwa ndalama zake changu Prince Menshikov mofulumira anatenga akonzekeretse Gavriilovskuyu mpingo, parishioner amene iye anadzakhala. chopereka adachoka woyamba kukonza kachisi, ndi 1701 kuti 1703 mpingo ennobled kwambiri, koma vuto ndi tsogolo la Prince Menshikov wafunsira zomangamanga.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, mfumu anatumiza kalonga ntchito ya usilikali, zomwe zinali zodzaza ndi chigonjetso. Kuwonjezera Timalemekeza Menshikov anabweretsa kuchokera ndawala wotchuka, zozizwitsa chithunzi cha amayi a Mulungu Polotsk. Malinga ndi nthano, fano zojambulidwa ndi mtumwi Luke. Pakuti tiakachisi ngati Prince Alexander Menshikov anaganiza ku mpingo losavuta parishi kupanga kwambiri, ndi korona wa limene lidzakhala chithunzi mozizwitsa. Ndipo kotero chaka chimodzi pambuyo kukonza Gavriilovskuyu mpingo inawonongeka ndipo anayamba kumanga ina yatsopano pa maziko ake.

Mngelo pa spire ndi

Tinamaliza mpingo watsopano mu 1707. Iye anapita zodabwitsa kwambiri zimene sizinachitikebe mu Moscow. Rumor miseche kuti Menshikov anafuna "apambane" ndi Muscovites wonyada, chifukwa iwo sanali Tsar ankakonda ndipo anakumbukira "nekurtuaznoe" chiyambi, losauka kale ndi ntchito yomwe inayamba ndi malonda mapayi. Kamodzi anamaliza kumanga kachisi, anali pomwepo akuti "Menshikov Tower."

Mpingo anatembenuka mkulu, pafupifupi 81 mamita mkulu, mamita atatu kuti olumpha kutalika kwa Ivan Wamkulu Bell. Unachititsa kusakhutira nzika otchuka a mzinda. Koma anthu wamba analandira akutsutsana Tower nadza ku amasirira chozizwitsa latsopano. chizindikiro chapadera novootstroennoy Church Arhangela Gavriila (Menshikov Tower) anakhala belu nsanja amaveka korona tridtsatimetrovy spire, amene anakwera kumwamba golide mngelo.

kukongoletsa konse cha m'kachisi lapadera, makamaka kwa zaka: zokongoletsa zambiri anadzaza pamakoma mpingo, zooneka ndiponso mukudabwa pa ofotokozedwa chosema bouquets, Miphika, zipatso. Kunja ndi mkati chokongoletsera chidachitika mu mzimu wa Baroque Petro, imene pa mphamvu zonse chidzaonekera likulu latsopano la St. Petersburg, koma pang'ono.

Moscow gimmick

Menshikov Tower mu Moscow inamangidwa pa mlingo waukulu ndi osamala. The wamanga yaikulu ya ntchito ndi kumanga woyang'anira anali Ivan Zarudny. Pansi kugonjera wake anali wotchuka wa ku Italy mapulani, Osema ndi osema miyala - aluso a Kostroma ndi Yaroslavl cooperatives.

Kudzera mwa mapulani ndi zosankha za wopambana ndipo adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince Wake tchalitchi mpweya umene wakuti kuthambo, izo zinkawoneka kuti liwutamira pamwamba pansi, anali wodabwitsa Menshikov Tower. Zarudny wamanga cholinga ndipo anamanga kachisi imene auluka belu nsanja ya milingo asanu, aposa ndi spire tridtsatimetrovoy.

Awiri chapamwamba gawo anamanga kuchokera kuthabwa ndi kupyolera mu mazenera, ndi penultimate anapachika makumi anafuulira, ndi kumveka bwino mabelu. Pofuna kupanga kuwaza, Menshikov analamula kwa wotchi kunja lalikulu. Iwo anaika pansipa mabelu. Koma kalonga sanali kutsiriza ntchito mpaka kumapeto. Mu 1710, monga mwa dongosolo la Peter Ine, likulu kunditumiza ku St. Petersburg, ndi ndiwotani anali mwachangu kusiya Moscow. Mpingo Arhangela Gavriila (Menshikov Tower) ndipo nakonza mpaka kumapeto.

Moto ndi chipasuko

Mu 1723 panali moto mu mpingo, mu spire ndi chidwi ndi mphezi. Flames kunabuka ndi kufalitsa mwamsanga ku storeys chapamwamba matabwa. Nsembe thundu phiri anakomoka ndipo anagwa mu nyumbayi ndi mabelu onse. Pa nthawi iyi mu mpingo anthu akuthawa wapatali ziwiya mpingo ndi mafano, ambiri anavulala, ndipo amene anafa cha zilonda zake. Chithunzi cha amayi a Mulungu Polotsk anakhalabe bwinobwino, chimene anthu wamba ndipo anathokoza motsogoleredwa Mulungu.

Ndipotu chidwi kuti mpingo watsopano (Menshikov Tower) pa nthawi imeneyo sichinayambe opatulidwira monga ntchito ikuyendera, koma kalonga nazo zinthu bwino kuchita. Kwa zaka zambiri mpingo dilapidated wamanga Zarudny analemba makalata kwa mkulu wa boma la mpingo, amene ananena kuti kudenga yoola, ndi wotchi sizikuyenda ndipo ali mu chipinda chitayiko.

Atamwalira Peter Ine wopambana ndipo adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince Menshikov anagwa manyazi. Mu matenda anafunsa kubweretsa Petersburg zozizwitsa chithunzi cha malo mu chiyembekezo Muzipemphera kuchira. Koma kenako, iye anatumizidwa ku ukapolo, ndinasiya njanji ndi mafano, ndi Menshikov Tower mu Moscow anafika chiwonongeko chotheratu.

zizindikiro Masonic

zaka makumi asanu patatha Gavrila Izmaylov, wina wotchuka Moscow fuko lomveka ndi Mason (malinga ndi mbiri), waganiza kubwezeretsa mpingo. Iye anaperekapo maganizo kwambiri, koma maonekedwe zonse za mpingo sanabwezeredwe. Miwiri, mbukhomerwa chapamwamba storey ndi spire ndi mngelo anakhalabe okha kukumbukira ndi ntchito. Kubwezeretsedwa mwala storeys anayi okha, nsanja tsopano Menshikov tinakwatirana mkulu gilded kogwirira kozungulira.

Malinga ndi msana Moscow mphekesera, kachisi misonkhano chinsinsi cha kena kachipembedzo kotchedwa Freemasons ndi utumiki. An chitsimikiziro kutsimikizira izi zikuwonekera pa makoma a mpingo, mkulu wa woyang'anira wopatsa Izmailov, zizindikiro a Masonic Order. Mwa tsopano, ambiri amaiwala kuti zinali kwa mpingo, Menshikov Tower - dzina la anthu ake. Pamene osema miyala mlandu woukira boma ndipo anamangidwa ambiri, Misonkhano itatha, koma zilembo, ndi zolemba kwa nthawi yaitali wokometsedwera makoma a nyumbayi.

Kachisi pa Post ofesi

Kugogoda kuchokera ziphunzitso zosayenera zizindikiro za makoma mpingo analamula Metropolitan Filaret mu 1852. kachisi anamangidwanso chifukwa ndalama positi ofesi ndi kupatuliranso. mpingo anabwera pansi otumikira wa Moscow-mail mu 1821, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anadziwika monga Mpingo wa Arhangela Gavriila pa positi ofesi. Kuyambira 1792 mu zogona kale Menshikov akonzekeretse positi ofesi, ndipo tsopano nyumba ya Moscow positi ofesi ili pafupifupi pa malo wakale wa dziko Palace Aleksandra Menshikova.

mbiri kukhudza

Mpingo Arhangela Gavriila pa amatunga Oyera - wapadera chipilala a zomangamanga, chimodzi mwa zitsanzo woyamba wa Baroque Russian. Mu kuphunzira zokopa matauni, tayang'anani pa mpingo wakale, imadziwika Menshikov Tower mu Moscow. Adiresi ya chipilala a zomangamanga ndipo alipo mpingo kanjira Angelo Omanga 15a.