Ilyushin 62M: makhalidwe luso, mbiri ndi zithunzi

Ngati dongosolo zoyendera - magazi a zachuma aliyense mu dziko, mayendedwe zonyamula angatchedwe "plasma" mwazi wokha. The bwino, mofulumira ndi bwino boma amatha kulimbikitsa anthu ku dera zake, kupatula "backwoods" ndi, zosavuta kukhazikitsa mogwirizana ya zida lonse boma. Bwino za izo mu USSR. The chifukwa cha ntchito ambiri IL Edo anakhala 62M.

Yojambula pa nthawi ndege anasonyeza kuti makampani Soviet amatha osati kupanga zida za nkhondo mu lonse chidwi.

Features Ofunika

ndegeyo wofanana ndi kumbuyo-wokwera injini ndi wapadera kuyimitsidwa kamangidwe. Zakhala mwatsatanetsatane lodziwika bwino OKB Ilyushin ndipo kenako okhala m'mayiko naini. Amenewa anaphatikizapo United Kingdom, Italy, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Japan. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kwambiri wotchuka IL 62M, nyenyezi pa fuselage, amene anali chitsimikizo cha apamwamba.

makina lili ndi kugawa zomveka kwambiri a misa, kotero kuti misa ndi pafupifupi ofanana ndege injini pansi mapiko a. Chinthu chapadera cha IL 62M, makhalidwe amene tikukambiranawa, ndi zachilendo sitepe kukhazikitsa m'mbali yaikulu ya phiko (mu mawonekedwe a mlomo wa). N'zotheka kuonetsetsa bata kwambiri ndege, kuphatikizapo kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ovuta kuukira. Mapiko a komanso wakhala chopangidwa ntchito atsopano decompression luso yokhudza chotchipa akamaumba. N'zotheka osati kuti magawowa, komanso kwambiri kulimbitsa dongosolo lonse.

Feathering anachita pa dera T woboola pakati, ndi kulemera kwake ndi kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa pafupifupi onse analogs. Ngakhale kuti zolakwa za njira imeneyi, kukhazikitsa izi walola kangapo kusintha manageability ndiponso kudalirika za makina atsopano, kapangidwe amene anachotsa kwambiri bulky osati nthawi zonse odalirika njira.

akasinja mafuta ili mu kutalika kwa mapiko, kuphatikizapo gawo pakati. Ilyushin 62M wapadera osachepera chifukwa zimathandiza kuti avule ndi injini imodzi. Kuwuluka ndi kumtunda makina chomwecho mungathe, zambiri ndi awiri analephera galimoto. Angapo redundancy a machitidwe onse, anaitenga ku Azamlengalenga ndi luso asilikali, kusintha kudalirika kwa avionics lonse pa dongosolo.

Chifukwa chitukuko cha galimoto latsopano

Kukula kwa zonyamula katundu ndi zoyendera mu USSR mu theka lachiwiri la 50 ntchentche, pamene ntchito chinayamba ndege chopangira mphamvu zosagwiritsa. makina awa kuloledwa kunyamula pa nthawi imodzi ambiri katundu, ndipo kutero zikhoza kukhala posachedwapa. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti kuyambira mu 1950 mpaka 1959 voliyumu ya katundu magalimoto kuchuluka kamodzi mu nthawi khumi.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti chuma ndi akatswiri yapachiweniweni ndege pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo analandira lamulo posachedwapa kulenga ndege wotsika ndi wodzichepetsa kuti umathandiza mayendedwe a anthu ndi katundu mwa dera la Union.

Mapanganowo KB Ilyushin

Only pa CB Ilyushin kale anali ndi luso ndi zipangizo zokwanira, koma chifukwa anali akatswiri wake woyamba anayamba kupanga mtundu watsopano wa ndege. Kale mu 1960 iye Ilyushin akuchonderera boma la USSR akufuna chilengedwe cha makina, zomwe analandiranso dzina la IL 62M. Iwo anafuna kuti akonzekeretse injini ndege Rd-23-600 amene chitukuko natsogozedwa ndi luso luso ndi ndani Tumansky.

Linaneneratu Features

Choyamba, okonza ankaganiza kuti ndege amachita okwera 50 150. Osiyanasiyana zinakonzedwa "kuti akomere" mkati 4500-8500 Km. Zipangizo okonza ankafuna kuika mu gawo mchira. Ambiri, chifukwa cha IL 62M zinachitika anali atagona mfundo IL-18. Ndikutumikira monga kudzoza French galimoto "Caravel" kwa malo ake a stabilizers kutalika theka la muyezo wa.

Popeza ngakhale masomphenya tentative tsogolo la IL 62M bwino zinayenda, Bungwe la nduna za USSR anatengera mwatsatanetsatane msanga. Maonekedwe ikukhudza chitukuko ya ndege, amene lotsika mtengo akhoza kuuluka mtunda wa osachepera 4500 Km, mwanjira 165 mipando. chilengedwe cha "mwanaalirenji" wa magalimoto woyamba kalasi anali anapereka. kuwuluka Kwake osiyanasiyana anali kale 6700 Km ndi 100 ... 125 mipando kwa anthu, ankalemekeza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pansi pa utsogoleri wa OKB Kuznetsova analamula kuti akonze injini latsopano NK-8.

Kamangidwe Features

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya ndege Soviet anasankhidwa chiwembu ndi mchira-engine. Izi sizinachitike mwangozi. mfundo ndi yakuti chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi njira kapangidwe umakhoza "woyera" mapiko ali aerodynamics kwambiri. makhalidwe amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa ndege umene ukuyenera kumasula ngakhale pa msewu yaitali akuthamanga dziko mpweya.

Komanso, chiwembu imeneyi ogwiritsa wodalirika kwambiri ndi losavuta Nyamulani khumudwitsidwa. Popeza kuti injini inali pa mtunda wautali kuchokera thanki, kwambiri adakula chitetezo cha anthu, ngati pazifukwa zina pali moto. Komanso chofunika kwambiri zinthu Anakweranso yaitali, kwambiri yafupika milingo phokoso m'chipinda galimotolo ndipo yafupika pafupifupi ziro kungasokoneze ndege dongosolo kucheza ndege popangidwa ndi mpweya kwambiri mkulu kutentha.

Popeza zomera mphamvu ili pafupi zotheka kwa olamulira kotenga wa fuselage, zinali zotheka kuchepetsa zotsatira za mlingo woopsa kwambiri yaw, amene amayambitsidwa ndi kulephera kwa mmodzi wa Motors lapansi. Pomaliza, chiwembu chomwechi kumatanthauza kukana mchira kwambiri zikuluzikulu, zimene angathe kuchepetsa kulemera chonse galimoto (chiphunzitso).

Lero tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa mwakwera ndege Lachiwiri - chomaliza koma osati chosafunikira mtengo wa OKB Ilyushin. Kuti akatswiri a Bureau kwa nthawi yoyamba mu ndege zoweta sikuti zili mu zitsulo yachilendo chitukuko, komanso kupita nawo ku ungwiro.

Kuipa kamangidwe latsopano

Koma panali nkhani ndi injini mchira ndi kuipa, zina zimene zinali kwambiri ndithu. Choyamba, ndege misa pamapeto pake akadali kuchuluka akamavutika kumapangitsanso zina lonse mchira gawo. Komanso, mapiko si yotsitsa Motors (kulola kuti inu kuchepetsa nkhawa m'nkhaniyo).

Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha mayikidwe a injini patali chotero, izo zimayenera kwambiri zokulitsa lonse mafuta zida lomwe lili ndi zoyipa pa kudalirika wonse wa kamangidwe. Pomaliza, chifukwa cha "nahlobuchivaniya" injini pa mchira, zikuchepa anasintha mayikidwe lonse la ndege, amene anapereka mavuto ambiri monga okonza ndi oyendetsa amene opareshoni ndegeyo.

Chifukwa dera lino koma lalandiridwa?

nkhani zonse kufanana kwa mphindi zabwino ndi zoipa. Pamene akatswiri tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane drafts ziwembu IL 62M, makhalidwe amene anali yojambula kwa nthawi, iwo kutenga lingaliro zabwino kukhazikitsidwa kwa buku yopanga ndi injini kumbuyo-wokwera. M'pomveka kunena kuti izo zinachitika pambuyo kutsutsana kwambiri. Ndipo akatswiri mukhoza kumvetsa kuti kuzindikira zolinga zawo, tinali kuthetsa mavuto ambiri zovuta Kamangidwe.

Choncho, makamaka IL 62M (Mesiya n'chofunika kwambiri makamaka) walenga wapadera navigation dongosolo zimene zimathandiza inu kumtunda ndege ndi nyengo kwambiri chowawa ndi zinthu nyengo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba dongosolo kulamulira basi kwathunthu lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito, limene kwa ndege ya kukula ili ndi mphamvu, ngakhale lero, si chinthu wamba. Wamkulukulu kudalirika ndi kuphweka - izi ndi zinthu zimasiyanitsa wa IL 62M. USSR (86,513 bolodi - mmodzi wa kuchotserapo ochepa zachisoni) wakhala kamodzinso anatha kulenga galimoto kwenikweni losavuta koma kwambiri.

makhalidwe ntchito kiyi

• Full wingspan mamita - 43,2.
• Malo okwana phiko pamwamba, m² - 279,55.
• Zolemba malire kutalika kwa fuselage, mamita - 53,12.
• Waukulu kutalika kwa thupi, mamita - 49,00.
• Kutalika pafupifupi mamita ndi nyumba - 12,35.
• Zikulilima phiko ° - 32,5 ° (25% ya mzere poyambira).
• Zolemba malire ndege osiyanasiyana, Km - 10 000-11 050.
• The pazipita ndege kulemera matani - 161.6 (165/167 ku zosintha).
• Base galimotoyo mamita - 24,48.
• Zolemba malire njanji galimotoyo mamita - 6.8.
• Ikuthamanga liwiro - 850 Km / h.
• Liwiro - 870 Km / h.
• kutalika kwa denga la makilomita - 12.

ndi kusiyana kwa makina ndi index "M" kuchokera akalambula chake n'chiyani?

ndege awa, yosavuta kusinthidwa wa IL 62 turbofan injini ndi D-30KU. Iwo ali mochuluka ndalama ndi bwino kutsatira mfundo za mayiko m'munda wa zoteteza chilengedwe. Muyezo ndi stabilizers zapatsidwa mu makina izi bwino mawu a aerodynamics, mawonekedwe. Chifukwa kuika latsopano akatswiri kuchotseratu chipangizo anatha kwambiri kuchepetsa mpweya kukana pa ndege. Ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya dongosolo adakwera mafuta, makina amenewa akhoza kupanga ndege yaitali.

Komanso, ena mwa zipangizo ndege, ndege kapangidwe anawonjezera zamagetsi ambiri akhala m'malo. Komanso, zokhumba zambiri za ndege pa, masiku mpweya dongosolo mu zashuga ndi yawonjezedwa. Iwo saloledwa kuti kuchepetsa mlingo wa zowawa za ndege pa ndege yaitali, makamaka pa mayiko zodutsa.

pomaliza

Galimoto wakhala mobwerezabwereza anayesedwa kwa kugwilizana ndi mfundo yonse ya mayiko. Mpaka tsopano IL 62M, okonzera umene uli bwino kwa mbadwa ambiri USSR, opareshoni mkati dziko ndi pa mayiko zodutsa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya ndege Russian boma, ambiri a ndege amenewa chopangidwa kwa katundu, ndi mayiko ena amafuna kuti pangano ndege izi magalimoto ake zoweta. Iyi ndi nkhani ya ndege IL 62M.