Kodi mapensulo? kupanga mapensulo

Mapensulo ife ntchito ku sukulu ya mkaka. Koma Ambiri a ife kudziwa mmene kuti pensulo, nkhuni zina ntchito kwa cholinga ichi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chilengedwe cha mankhwala malo amachitidwa pa aliyense fakitale yake. Koma pamene pali nkhani wamba zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri ndondomeko kupanga.

Kodi mtengo?

Chakale pensulo matabwa ali Mbali yofunika - pa mtengo womwe khalidwe la ntchito ya chowonjezera amadalira. Zikuonekeratu kuti si mtengo ndi abwino kwa cholinga ichi. M'mbuyomu, makampani ntchito nkhuni virdizhnskogo kapena wofiira mkungudza, kutanthauza junipers akale. Long CHIKWANGWANI, pakalibe mfundo chomasuka akuchitira - ndicho chimene anthu amakopeka mu nkhaniyi. Koma polingalira kukwera mtengo kwa zopangidwa European ndi American popanga mapensulo, anayamba ntchito matabwa a mkungudza California. Ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi kuti kupanga mkulu khalidwe ogwiritsa ntchito pa zolinga likutipatsa ndi luso.

Nthawi zambiri, mapensulo anapangidwa kuchokera alder, basswood, paini, Siberia paini ndi California, komanso mtengo kawirikawiri monga jelutong. Za mtengo uliwonse wa mapensulo anapanga dziko lathu? Nthawi zambiri, alder ndi linden, umene uli m'gawo la Russia kuchuluka yaikulu.

Alder si nkhani kwambiri cholimba, koma ali ndi dongosolo yunifolomu, zomwe zimachititsa kosavuta kwa processing ndipo amatisunga zachilengedwe mtundu achilengedwe. Koma laimu, iwo akumana zofunikira ntchito, choncho ntchito popanga ndi wotsika mtengo ndipo pensulo mtengo. Chifukwa kukhuthala zinthu zabwino wagwira molimba patsogolo.

Wapadera kulenga mapensulo zakuthupi - mkungudza, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomera ku Russia. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ntchito si mtengo wathanzi ndi zinthu zimene kale kupereka mtedza.

Ndodo: Chifukwa chiyani?

Opanga mapensulo imachitika ntchito ndodo wapadera. Graphitic kutsogolera tichipeza zigawo zitatu - graphite, mwaye ndi sludge, zimene zimachizidwa anawonjezera binders organic. Komanso, graphite ndi chigawo okhazikika, kuphatikizapo mtundu, monga masamba patsogolo pa pepala zotsatirazi.

Ndodozo anapangidwa kuchokera mosamalitsa misa, amene ali kutentha zina ndi chinyezi. Nkofunika kuti osakaniza si adzauma, monga izi zidzakhudza zoti likuwonongeka zida. Chipwirikiti mtanda amatha kuumba wapadera, ndiye anadutsa zida ndi mabowo, zomwe zimachititsa Zakudyazi misa-ngati. Zakudyazi izi aumbike mwa zonenepa, ndi ndodo ya amene ali extruded. Zotsalira awo akayaka okha crucibles wapadera. Ndiye ndodo zipolopolo, ndipo kenako anachita zhirovki: pores anapanga kupanikizidwa ndi pa kutentha makamaka ndizodzazidwa ndi mafuta, phula kapena stearine.

Kodi akuda mapensulo? Apa, kusiyana lofunika kwambiri ndi, kachiwiri, ndodo amene anapanga inki, fillers ndi zigawo fatliquoring ya binder lapansi. Pali ndondomeko ndodo kupanga chiri motere:

• ndodo chopangidwa zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu grooves wapadera pa bolodi ndi okutidwa ndi zolengeza lachiwiri;
• matabwa onse ndi glued pamodzi ndi zomatira woyera, ndodo si n'kudziphatika;
• itha slats glued ali limagwirizana;
• kukonzekera zachitika kuti ndi Kuwonjezera wa mafuta osakaniza kale zilipo.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kupanga mapensulo imachitika kutenga nkhani ogula katundu wa mankhwala. Choncho, wotchipa si analenga kuchokera ku matabwa wapamwamba kwambiri, chimodzimodzi - osati zabwino khalidwe - ndi chipolopolo. Koma mapensulo, amene ntchito zolinga luso, opangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa high quality, amene ali sizing wapawiri.

Gawo yokonza nkhuni

Kupanga mapensulo bwino-anasankha nkhuni, amene kukonzedwa kubala mipiringidzo. Onetsetsani kuchita mtanda mabala kumipiringizo ya kutalika kwa pensulo, ndipo muyenera kuganizira ankamvetsa, monga padzakhala shrinkage zakuthupi. Pa makina wapadera Multiblade anachita kumaliza zitsulo mbale, zimene pansi impregnation ndi paraffin mu autoclaves wapadera. Ndondomeko amathandiza kusintha mawotchi katundu wa malonda m'tsogolo.

Malinga ndi zimene chopangidwa kuchokera crayon, adzachitidwa ndi kukulitsa ake. Akukhulupirira kuti tchipisi ndi bwino analandira ngati katundu zopangidwa paini, mkungudza kapena basswood. Komanso, n'kofunika kuti atsogolere wotani kuzilemba pensulo-ngakhale ndi kutulukira kugwa.

Kodi chipolopolo?

Chikumba zimatengera pa kuphweka ndi kukongola pensulo. Popeza anapanga mapensulo nkhuni, izo amafunika zotsatirazi:

1. Softness, mphamvu ndi lightness: pa ntchito chipolopolo sayenera kuthyola kapena kutha monga thupi lonse.
2. Osati kuti delaminate mchikakamizo cha zinthu zachilengedwe.
3. Ndi odulidwa bwino - kusalaza ndi chonyezimira, ndi tchipisi yokha siikuwonongeka.
4. The matabwa ayenera kukhala kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi.

zida zimene?

Yopanga ikuchitika ntchito mapensulo zida variegated. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a dothi kumene ndodo graphite ndiye kulengedwa, amafuna mphero wapadera ndi crushers. wosanganiza processing mtanda ikuchitika pa atolankhani wononga kumene masikono mtanda ndi mipata atatu osiyana popangidwa ndi ndodo yokha. Zolinga zimenezi ntchito ndi mabowo kufa. Atayanika akusowekapo matabwa imagwiridwa mu mauvuni, kumene mankhwala kukumana kasinthasintha kwa maola 16. Ndi zabwino mlingo kuyanika nkhuni chinyezi chikafika pazipita 0.5%. Koma mapensulo akuda, iwo pansi kutenthetsa mankhwala polingalira za masiku ano fillers, utoto ndi mbali fatliquoring. Pa makina wapadera akuthamanga yokonza mapensulo m'litali.

kuyanika

Kodi mapensulo? Mu ndondomeko kupanga kungathandize kuyanika zofunika. Iwo anachita mu zitsime wapadera ntchito makina, ndi mbale wa zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo kuti kuyanika kunali kogwira mtima kwambiri. Mu zitsime izi kuyanika imagwiridwa pafupifupi 72 maola, ndiye zosankhidwa thabwa: onse kapena mankhwala unsightly losweka ndi kudzipatula. akusowekapo asankhidwa ndi woyengedwa paraffin, calibrated, ie iwo podula grooves wapadera, umene udzakhazikitsidwe ndodo.

Kodi mapensulo anapangidwa yopanga yotsatira? Tsopano ntchito mphero matulukidwe mzere, limene magawano mu midadada mapensulo. Malinga ndi zimene mawonekedwe mipeni ntchito nthawi imeneyi akamagwira mapensulo kapena chonse, kapena faceted, kapena chowulungika. Iwo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu Kukhazikitsa nkhani kutsogolera matabwa: ziyenera kuchitika mwabata ndi molondola, potero kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha imfa zinthu kutsogolera. Zotanuka zomatira kuti ntchito Mitsemphayi, kupanga pensulo ndi mwamphamvu.

Kuphunzira Features

Modern yosavuta mapensulo akuda kwake yaikulu zosiyanasiyana kutisokoneza ndi mitundu. Choncho kodi mapensulo ku fakitale, apa ankamvetsera mwatcheru zonse siteji ya ulimi. Chithunzi - chimodzi mwa zosankha zofunika kwambiri, popeza ayenera azikumana zofunika. Pakuti liza pamwamba pa njira extrusion ntchito, ndipo mapeto atamaliza akusunsa. Mbali yoyamba pensulo chimadutsa unit phunziroli, kumene kumapeto kwa conveyor izo flips kuti overcoating. Choncho analandira ❖ kuyanika yunifolomu.

Kujambula Quality: kodi izo zimatengera?

Khalidwe la mtundu zimadalira mmene akwaniritsa zofunikira mosavomerezeka okha akupereka, molondola akhazikitsidwa makina priming, ngati mapensulo nthawi atayanika pa tepi namtsata. fakitale aliyense pensulo amagwiritsa mofulumira kuyanika nyimbo zimene zimapanga padziko olimba, olimba ndi zotanuka filimu chimatsatira bwino pamwamba nkhuni.

❖ kuyanika imagwiridwa ndi phunziroli wapadera kuti likhale kukhuthala ena ndiponso ali inki. Ngati pigment gawo waukulu, izo kuchepetsa gloss filimuyo ndipo amafuna ntchito zina pamwamba pa lacquer nitro. Ngakhale mapensulo zagonjetsedwa kwa varnishing ndi glossy nitrocellulose varnish.

Ngati pensulo mithunzi mdima, ndi akuda mu zigawo osachepera 5 ndi zigawo 4 varnish. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zosawala ntchito osakaniza 7 zigawo inki ndi lacquer zigawo 4. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa yunifolomu ndipo nkhani molondola n'kofunika kuti pamwamba ali ndi pazipita zigawo 18. Chekeni mapensulo kumapeto mbali imagwiridwa mu galimoto okunalnoy, wotsika kuchokera chimango ndi ili kuti mapensulo.

chimango pensulo

Malinga ndi mmene inu kupanga mapensulo ndi zimene zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi kulowa awo. Mu Baibulo chikhalidwe pensulo izo ali chimango matabwa, koma msika wamakono amapereka osiyanasiyana amapezeka mu pulasitiki, lacquered ndipo ngakhale nyumba pepala. Pa dzanja limodzi limanenanso kuti iwo kukongola ndi chikhalidwe, Komano, kugwa kuchokera mapensulo totere yotsala.

Pambuyo penti mapensulo zagonjetsedwa kumaliza. Chifukwa chaichi, masitampu zosiyanasiyana ndi kulepheretsa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Likutchedwa yogwira kulamulira kutentha processing.

Kodi kuuma?

Onse akuda mapensulo ndi kuwumitsa osiyanasiyana patsogolo, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa olemba awo. Sankhani iwo monga zofunikira: kwambiri wandiweyani ndi olimba pepala, m'pamenenso kukhala graphite ndodo. Koma ovuta ingawononge pepala graphite. Mu Russia mugule mapensulo zotsatirazi chodetsa:

1. M - oti amanenedwa pa chilichonse.
2. T - olimba.
3. TM - olimbika zofewa.

Za olemba ayenera kudziwa posankha pensulo kulenga zithunzi kapena kujambula luso zogwirizana.

mapensulo Features akuda

N'chiyani chimachititsa mapensulo yosavuta, ife kale anamvetsa. Tsopano muyenera kudziwa pamene ndi mmene panali kusowetsa chekeni. Amadziwika kuti mankhwala oyamba ndi pensulo mtundu anaonekera mu 1820, yemwe anatulukira iwo, anakhalabe chinsinsi. Achikuda pensulo kutsogolera zochokera osakaniza kulumikiza zinthu, filler ndi mtundu inki. Monga nkhani kujowina mutuluka zomatira kaolin wa, amene akutsogolera likakhazikitsidwa komanso osemphana. Mu zipangizo apamwamba akuda ntchito komanso milled inki yofiira, mmene pigment angakhale wopanda feteleza kapena zochita kupanga maziko. Sami inki mtundu zochokera zipangizo kuti ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kuchepa mphamvu mchikakamizo cheza dzuwa ndi chitetezo zachilengedwe. Pakali pano, mapensulo akupezeka 36 mithunzi mtundu mogwirizana ndi mayiko lonse Pantone mithunzi. Pa fillers, m'njira imeneyi, kaolin wa ndi choko ntchito, zomwe imvera mosamala umapezeka.