Sorbents ndi Biologicals mafakitale zamakono

Chaka chilichonse dziko lathu ikukula kufunika kwa njira zachilengedwe chifukwa kutanthauzira ndi liquidation cha kuwonongeka mafuta zidulo, alkalis ndi zina zamadzimadzi woopsawo. Ichi ndi zifukwa zingapo: kuwonongeka kwa aya, zinthu anthu, sayansi ndi masoka mwadzidzidzi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali kumanga miyezo ya chilengedwe, kuchuluka chilango. Kusintha malamulo kuteteza chilengedwe malonda kwambiri. Pamafunika oyamba a makono umisiri zachilengedwe.

Pakali pano, zoweta ndi achilendo kumapeto, kwambiri lichitidwa analipira monga maofesi osiyana luso komanso zothandiza, m'manja ndi yabwino ntchito maofesi, zomwe ndi zochokera sorbents, kutolera ndalama mu mawonekedwe a akugunda, mphasa, mapilo, zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka ndi ena omwe si nsalu zipangizo, biologics . maofesi amenewa kawirikawiri anapanga malinga ndi zofunika za kasitomala, zochokera zofuna zake. Iwo ndi osiyana ndi zimene iwo akhoza kupangidwa pansi litulukira aliyense zakumwa oopsa (mafuta, ina madzi organic, zidulo, alkalis, Mercury ndi zina zotero.) Kuti thupi madzi kapena onga mitundu yonse ya nthaka.

Paokha zigawo zikuluzikulu za maofesi awa maofesi patsogolo ndi katundu kuyamwa, adsorb, kuwola ndinso madzi woopsawo, anakhetsa pa madzi pamwamba ali dothi kapena madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, madzi yamkuntho. Iwo akhoza kukopedwa ndi ntchito payekha ngati n'koyenera.

Sorbents. Today nkhani mwatsatanetsatane za chiyani komanso zimene ndi njira ya kanthu za izi kudzera thupi ndi mankhwala a ulamuliro kuipitsidwa, sipafunika: Katswiri aliyense amene amachita, kuthana ndi osachepera mwina mumapezeka zakumwa, bwino zipangizo. Amadziwika kuti iwo amasiyana chiyambi cha kupezeka, mayamwidwe khalidwe la ndondomeko, chikhalidwe cha wetting madzi. Zochita za zochita kupanga ndi organic sorbents nonse awiri chiyambi zachilengedwe kupanga. katundu wawo zoyambirira zomwe muyenera kulabadira posankha - sorption mphamvu limanenedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa anakhetsa madzi kungolandira mayunitsi sorbent. Komanso, monga muyezo tinganene kuti katundu monga wowona, buoyancy, ndi zovuta ntchito, ndithudi, mtengo. Chofunika kwambiri kusankha mphamvu kusankha, mwachitsanzo zomwe makamaka iwo akhoza kuyamwa madzi: m'pamenenso aliyense ali bwino. Onetsetsani kulabadira mafunso otsatirawa: Kodi n'zotheka buluzi ndi sorbent anakhala ndi kukonzanso ntchito, bwanji kuwataya kapena kuwonongedwa ndi momwe ndondomeko izi zachilengedwe bwino (ena sorbents ntchito chiyambi zachilengedwe kulibe vuto mwamtheradi akhoza anachoka pa malo litulukira ndi).

Sorbents angagwiritsidwe ntchito mawonekedwe munthu (kuwanditsa padziko madzi anatsanulira) ndi ntchito download zipangizo wapadera (mwachitsanzo, mu misampha mafuta, Zosefera kusonkhanitsa mapilo, mphasa, akugunda, etc ..).

Mwachitsanzo, mchere sorbents zachilengedwe pogwiritsa - perlite, kukodzedwa dongo, vermiculite, kukodzedwa graphite, komanso masamba ofotokoza - paini makungwa, sphagnum Moss, peat ndi ena.

Ntchito ngati sorbents ndi angapange monga polyvinyl enaake, nayiloni, latexes kupanga, rubbers ndi mphira, polypropylene. Kuti sorption katundu wa nkhani zenizeni inakhala maziko a kupanga izi sorption mapilo, mphasa, akugunda, zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka, maliboni, etc., oyenera litulukira containment ndi litulukira zida.

Biologics. Amadziwika kuti ambiri tizilombo chikhalidwe angathe ulemu mankhwala organic kwa mpweya woipa komanso madzi ndi oyera zinthu zachilengedwe. Chotero tizilombo-destructors tsopano ntchito kuthetsa kuwononga matupi madzi, nthaka. Njira imeneyi cholinga kuonjezera ntchito tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'dera zoipa, zomwe chingapezeke mwa chilengedwe cha zinthu mulingo woyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati izo zifika nthaka, ayenera kukhala mulingo wake mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutentha, chinyezi, aeration, pH, kupezeka kwa zinthu michere - asafe, phosphorous, potaziyamu.

Zonse zofunika kwambiri njira zatsopano kwambiri imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa zinthu organic (mafuta, mafuta, mafuta, phenol, benzene, alcohols, etc.) mwa kuyambitsa biodestruktorov wapadera. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, njira iyi ayesedwa pamene kwambiri zingamuthandize chifukwa dzuwa, mtengo wotsika, chomasuka ntchito. Today anapanga thumba tizilombo kwa kupanga mankhwala kwachilengedwenso anafuna kuti chithandizo zinthu zachilengedwe ku zodetsa organic. I kwa kusankha kwawo ndi luso amanyoza osiyanasiyana zinthu organic, kukhalabe viability tizilombo pa yosungirako, ntchito yapamwamba, mphamvu kukula mu chilengedwe, nonpathogenic.

Mtima kwambiri biodegradation wa zoipitsa organic tsopano mwana'yo ntchito munthawi yomweyo sorbents ndi tizilombo. Chifukwa chaichi, ndi sorbent kuyenda mabakiteriya ta destructors. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuti kwambiri pa digirii ndi mlingo wa chopereka ndi kunyoza zoipitsa organic. Ena sorbents chibadwidwe zikuchokera awo kuyambira pachiyambi ndi zamera-zigawo kuti akhoza amanyoza Mwachitsanzo, mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, sorbents wa sphagnum Moss munali mu dongosolo humic asidi activating ntchito zake oxidizing mabakiteriya biocenosis m'deralo. Mbali awo ndi kuthekera ntchito pa otsika kutentha. The ntchito biosorbents n'chakuti njira imeneyi ndi zosawononga chilengedwe ndi fireproof, iwo akhoza anachoka mu situ chithandizo cha litulukira ndi chidaliro chonse kuti iwo kulimbana ndi Moss titanyowa ndi madzi.