Icon ya Dona Wathu Georgia: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi pemphero. Kachisi wa Chijojiya Amayi a Mulungu

Akhristu Orthodox akhala akulemekezedwa sindiwe yesu chabe, komanso Amayi a Mulungu. Molemekeza mtima kwa izo kunaonekera ake mu zithunzi mazana asanu woimira Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba monga munthu, ndipo ndi Mwana Auzimu. Ngakhale mpingo woyamba kwambiri Russia, wopatulidwa ku 996, dzina lake polemekeza Virgin. A zambiri nyimbo ndi mapemphero, kutembenukira kwa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa, mudzaze mitima ya chikondi wokhulupirika ndi chiyembekezo, ndi Zakachikwi chachiwiri amapatsa anthu chipulumutso, machiritso, ndi chimwemwe si chithunzi zozizwitsa za Amayi a Mulungu. Georgia yotero. Pa katundu chidwi ndi nkhani zotsatirazi.

Udindo wa mafano Mpingo Orthodox

Kumbali ya ansembe a Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, Icon ulalo ena pakati padziko lapansi ndi zolengedwa Mulungu. The lingaliro lalikulu amalambira pamaso pa zifanizo kwagona kuti ulemu ndi pemphero osati ankachitira kwa fano, ndi kuti mudzagwiritse kuti akuimira.

Kumvetsa chizindikirochi zitha kwambiri munthu wachipembedzo, ine ndikukayikira mulibe choonadi cha Mulungu ndi chikhalidwe chake wosamvetsetseka. Mulungu anapereka ana ake luso m'maganizo, amene amalola inu kuimira kuti n'zosatheka kuona miniti iliyonse ndi ola lililonse. Koma n'kosavuta amatchula woyera, ngati chithunzichi ndi maso ake, ndipo khalidwe lake akukumbukira kufunika kwa mbali zosiyanasiyana.

ndi zizindikiro za Amayi a Mulungu Kodi

mafano onse a Virgin, olembedwa pa ulendo wa Chikhristu padziko lonse, n'zotheka zikuchokera lagawidwa mitundu yambiri. Mmodzi wa zithunzi wotchuka kwambiri wa Orthodox ndi chizindikiro cha Lady Wathu Georgia.

Hodigitria (Putevoditelnitsa)

Tiganizire chizindikirochi amatanthauza mtundu uwu. Mwapadera anapanga fano limene Amayi a Mulungu ndi mfundo imodzi dzanja Mwana, amalankhula za njira imene anthu tidzayesedwa kupita kutisambitsa miyoyo yawo. Apa Virgin Mary waima patsogolo pathu ngati njira Mulungu. Amakhulupirira kuti chizindikiro choyamba anali penti ndi Mtumwi Luka kalembedwe imeneyi.

Eleusa (mwachikondi)

Images wa Virgin, Khristu Mwana kukumbatira ndi kulandira manja ake ndi mtundu wa zithunzi, lotchedwa "kutengeka". chikondi chosatha zimaonekera zithunzi izi, Tingaone Mwachitsanzo, Vladimir mafano.

Agiosoritissa (Mkhalapakati)

Icon ya Dona Wathu Georgia ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a "Patroness". Pa chithunzi zokhudza Virgin limapezeka yekha. Iye akuonetsedwa zonse kutalika, pang'ono kukodzedwa kumanja. Mpukutu dzanja akhoza kuwonetsedwa.

Oranta (Chozizwitsacho)

Yachinayi mafano zosonyeza Virgin Mary, ndi "The malodza". Apa Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba, atagwira mtima wake Waumulungu Child (amasonyezera pa bwalo pakati pa bere la mayi) anakweza manja ake kumwamba, amasonyeza pemphero kwa anthu onse.

Pantanassa (Vsetsaritsa)

Pa zithunzi za mtundu wa mpando umene Virgin wakhala, kugwirana manja ndi mwana Yesu, akuimira ulemerero wa Amayi a Mulungu, kufalitsa onse pansi na kuzulu.

Features kulemba Chijojiya Amayi a Mulungu

Pamene patsogolo pathu ndi chithunzi cha lamba Chijojiya Amayi a Mulungu, tikhoza kudziwa makhalidwe a kulemba ake. Zithunzi zonse anaikidwa likasa la chizindikirochi (mphako pakati pa bolodi), zimakhala mbali yaikulu ya, namanga monga kansalu, ndi mbali yaitali imene imagwera pa kuweramira mutu wa Namwali motsogozedwa Mwana Auzimu. Mkulu khanda akukweza dzanja lake lamanja madalitso ndi amayi a anthu onse. Mpukutu chimene Mwana wa Mulungu amagwiriziza kudzanja lake lamanzere, limaimira Old Testament, kutha ndi Mpulumutsi. The mwendo lamanja la Khristu ili ku lamanzere ndipo ndinamuwona iye zidendene wamaliseche.

Virgin, akuonetsedwa frontally, pang'ono anatembenuka mutu wake kuti Mwana, ndi kukhala kukaweramira mwanayo, agwira dzanja lake lamanzere. Nkhope ya mwanayo ndi analangizanso kwa amayi, amene dzanja lake lamanja, ndi lamulo la Yesu, akuimira kwa okhulupirira njira yopezera chipulumutso. Mbali yapadera ya zithunzi izi ndi zina mwa njira chofunda images, kusiya pansi pa mutu wa Amayi a Mulungu, kotero kuti makutu masamba m'munda wa masomphenya pa chifuwa triangular m'dera mkanjo ndi buluu Cape symmetrical kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke a mumtundu.

Amene nthawi zonse amapita ku tchalitchi, chizindikiro cha Lady athu la Chijojiya anawona makamaka zamitundu lalikulu. Kachisi wa fano analoledwa kukaziyesa mwatsatanetsatane.

Pamene ndi amene chidwi chizindikirochi

Abbas Mirza, imadziwika mu mbiri monga Shah Abbas anabwera wachifumu wa Iran m'zaka 16 mochedwa. Pali nthano kuti tsiku la kubadwa kwa despot kwambiri mu Georgia chifukwa cha chivomezi chachikulu anawononga agulupa ya St. George, amene limaimira zomvetsa aakulu amene m'tsogolo dziko anavutika pa zimene olamulira a Perisiya.

Abbas, powona kuphatikiza ubale pakati Georgia ndi Russia kuukira ufumu wa Perisiya, bungwe m'chaka cha 1622 ulendo zingawononge kumapiri. Anaika ake ndi kulandidwa anagwira mfundo zambiri ndi akachisi kugulitsa zina za malonda ochokera m'mayiko ena. Ine anabwera kwa iye ndi Icon ya Dona Wathu Georgia.

Patatha zaka zitatu, bazaar ake Persian anaona kalaliki Russian Yaroslavl wamalonda Stefan Lazar. Kumene, Mkhristu woona sanathe akamadutsa, ndipo mozizwitsa anapeza mafano, ngakhale mtengo wake mkulu. Shrine yomweyo unaonekera pamene mbuye kalaliki Egor (ena magwero - George, Gregory) Lytkin maloto ndi umboni Mulungu kulanda chizindikirochi limodzi la mchitidwe umenewu m'dera Arkhangelsk. Osadziwa za chizindikirochi, wamalonda sanali angagwirizanitse zimenezo kukagona ndipo ndinaganiza yekha mu 1629, pamene iye anabweza kalaliki nalongosola kuti Yegor anagula Aperisiya fano.

Tsoka la chilengedwe cha amisiri Chijojiya ku Russia

Monga anawuzidwa m'maloto, Lytkin anatumiza chizindikiro cha mtsinje Pinega mu Krasnogorsk obisika, ataima m'dera lamapiri ndi mitengo kale linkatchedwa Chimontenegirini (anakhazikitsidwa mu 1603). Chijojiya chifanizo cha Amayi a Mulungu nthawi yomweyo anasonyeza chikhalidwe zozizwitsa, Machiritso ku ugonthi ndiponso khungu mmonke Pitirim. Pakuti zina zovuta kuzimvetsa zochitika chizindikiro Tsarev lamulo mdalitso wa mabishopu, Nikon mu 1650 ankamukonda kupembedza pa tsiku lake - 4 September.

The ntchito yodabwitsa ya amisiri Chijojiya kwa nthawi yaitali kuyenda dziko, kukaona ngakhale m'mizinda ya ku Siberia. Ndipo paliponse Virgin anachiritsidwa okhulupirira umboni ndi zikalata mpingo wa zaka.

Mwatsoka, chizindikiro choyambirira anatayika, pamene mu 20s kwa zaka za m'ma 20 Krasnogorsk obisika chinatsekedwa. Pambuyo anapeza ake mu 1946, chizindikiro cha ntchito mu chionetsero Religious chionetsero, monga lipoti ku Moscow mabishopu, Bishop wa Arkhangelsk, koma popeza chithunzi unali utapita ndipo kwina kulikonse sanapezeke.

The buku loyamba chizindikirochi

Chipembedzowo amene amadziwa mbiri ya Chikhristu ndi tiakachisi Orthodox, nthawi zonse kudziwa kumene chizindikirochi ayenera kusonyezedwa ndi pempho zina, ulendo kachisi. Icon a Dona Wathu Georgia lero mu mawonekedwe a mndandanda zasungidwa mu mipingo yosiyana m'dziko lathu. Ambiri a iwo, monga wapachiyambi, ndi zozizwitsa.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba buku la fano la Lady Wathu Georgia linalembedwa mu 1654 Moscow pa pempho la mmisiri Gavriila Evdokimova amene anachita chotero kuyamikira kwake kwa machiritso a mwana mwakayakaya. Mndandanda anaperekedwa kwa Mpingo kwa Glinische, amene panopa umatchedwa mpingo wa Utatu Woyera (Nikitnikov kanjira). chizindikirochi chozizwitsa ndipo anathandiza anthu a likulu kupewa matenda mantha pamene Moscow chidafundidwa mliri.

Kodi mndandanda ena amadziwika ku chithunzi chenicheni cha Chijojiya

Amazipanga zabwino Chijojiya Raifa chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Iye anaonekera mu Kazan m'dera mu 1661. Ndiye Metropolitan Lawrence analamula chizindikiro cha wotchuka chizindikiro zojambulajambula. Pakuti chifaniziro Raifa chipululu tinamanga mpingo osiyana, ndipo atatulutsa zotsalira za chithunzicho anayamba kulenga zozizwitsa weniweni, onyamula kuchiritsa akhungu, olumala, ndi wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo.

Wina chilemekezedwa koposa Chijojiya chithunzi cha Virgin mu Moscow anali mu tchalitchi wapadera wa kachisi Martina Ispovednika, kuti ali pa Taganka. Poyamba, mndandanda awasungira pa Vorontsov kumunda m'nyumba ya Virgin Woyera, ndi kwa Iye pa behest wa Mfumukazi Paraskeva Feodorovna analengedwa mu zaka za m'ma 18, wapatali Kyoto.

The Museum-Malo Ostankino mu Moscow, ndi kachisi wa Woyera Utatu, yopemphereramo waukulu umene wodzipereka mu 1991, iye ali ndi chizindikiro Chijojiya wa Virgin, amene mbiri chidwi kwambiri. Poyamba, iye anagwirizira Skhiigumenya Famar m'dziko lotchedwa Mfumukazi Mardzhanishvili. fano anali kupatsidwa ndi banja mnzake Yakobo Nemstsveridze, ndi amene Virgin Mary anaonekera mu maloto ndi pempho kupereka chithunzi cha mpingo mu Ostankino. Yakov anafuna monga fano mu Chijojiya Orthodox, koma katatu chinachake kupewedwa, azungu wakhala chizindikirochi kuwuluka mozungulira utoto. Ndiyeno Yakobo inamvera, ndidamva mu masomphenya, ndipo panali kachisi Ostankino, kumene anakumana ndi mayi wina amene analinso chodabwitsa cha kufika pang'ono mafano mu mpingo. Pa kubwezeretsa utoto anachira mwa iwo wokha, anali m'gulu la zinthu la fano wokongola. Akathist Chijojiya chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu kuwerenga kuno nthawi zonse, ndipo mpingo ndi woyeretsetsa kwambiri malo, mapemphero ake ochokera pansi pamtima.

mndandanda wina ndi fano Lady wathu wa pachiyambi Chijojiya anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma 17 ku Alexeyevskoye kunyumba, umene unali pa Prechistensky Boulevard. Sisitere wina kudwala ankafuna kumukopa kuti fano, chimene chinali kachisi pa cholinga wakunja, koma kubweretsa palibe munthu akanakhoza. The Chimonko, amene anaonekera kwa iye m'tulo take, ananena kuti penapake mu kuya kwa kachisi muli mndandanda wa zithunzi Chijojiya. Atafufuza mwachidule mu imodzi mwa makoma anali atapeza sacristy ndi fano limene yomweyo anachiritsidwa sisitere. chizindikirochi wakhala unazunguliridwa mu mtengo wapatali kuti mwinjiro wa Mfumu Alexei Mikhailovich dalitso la mabishopu, Nikon. M'zaka za m'ma 19, kachisi anasamukira ku Red Village, komanso mndandanda wa zithunzi chopezeka obisika, kulambira mu kachisi wa Kuuka ku Sokolniki m'deralo.

Opaleshoni akachisi chizindikiro mozizwitsa

Mpingo, wodziwika ndi dzina la tiakachisi Chijojiya angapezeke mu mizinda yambiri ya dziko lathu ndi kunja. Raif a Cathedral ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Linamangidwa pa amayi ndi amuna a Mulungu ansembe yotchedwa mu 1842 makamaka polemekeza mafano mozizwitsa. Chipembedzowo kukondwerera okongola kwambiri a kachisi, mpweya wachisomo ndi mphamvu yapadera kuti amachokera zithunzi akale. Chijojiya chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu amonke Raifa bwino kudziwika ndi tchalitchi kukaona ndi alendo ambiri. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi chidina pafupifupi mokha, m'pofunika kuti apite kumeneko m'mawa.

Wina wa mpingo uziyenda la Chijojiya Amayi a Mulungu ili m'mudzi wa Yakshina Moscow dera. kachisi wokongola kwambiri, linamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 18, koma litaphulitsidwa m'nyengo Soviet. Kukonzanso kunayamba mu 90s, utumiki wa inayambanso mu 2004. Pamaso zitasintha, mpingo wogwidwa chizindikiro mozizwitsa Lady Wathu Georgia, lero ngati chizindikiro kumeneko.

akachisi ambiri, matchalitchi, matchalitchi odzipereka mozizwitsa uko mu Chuvashia, Republic of Tatarstan, Tver, Ryazan, Kaluga ndi zigawo zina za la Russia.

Kodi wina anali mpingo, odzipereka kwa Chijojiya chithunzi cha mai wa Mulungu

M'dera Tver ndi 1714 anachita Gorbasevskaya (m'mudzi Gorbasevo) Church, anamanga mu dzina la anafotokoza zithunzi kukhudzana. Akuti kachisi anamangidwa ndi wamalonda wolemera wa ku Georgia, anataya mu nkhalango ozungulira. Mapemphero Amayi a Mulungu anathandizanso kumudzi, chifukwa chozizwitsa ndi mpingo anaonekera. Mu 1860, ake matabwa nyumba yakale, anaganiza m'malo mwala. Kachisi unatha ntchito 30 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo.

Mpingo wakale wa Lady Wathu Georgia ndi m'mudzi wa chigawo Vassilyevskoe Shumsky. Komabe, tsopano kachisi zovuta, womwenso mpingo uli ziyambe kukonzedwa, ndi mafano wakale, anapanga iconostasis, kusungidwa Tretyakov Gallery ndi Russian Museum.

Kodi kupemphera chizindikirochi

Uthenga osati kanthu zikunenedwa kuti anthu amalandira kwa Mulungu "chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chawo." Iwo akhala zinaonetsa kuti mwa zikwi za atsogoleri a chipembedzowo ndi wogonera, amene pakamwa amatsanulira pemphero Chijojiya chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, machiritso, chimwemwe chimapezeka, osati onse, koma amene miyoyo alidi woyera ndi wokonzeka Grace yekha.

Akukhulupirira kuti fano angathe kupatsa ayambe chabwino kwa anthu amene amadwala matenda a thirakiti m'mimba ya zotupa zosiyanasiyana, matenda zokhudza maso, mano ndi makutu a mphamvu yonyansa. Ndi kulemekeza kwambiri kuthamangira fano la akazi amene anapezeka ndi "osabereka".

Amaona pemphero amphamvu kwambiri umene munthu pa kubadwa kwake, lomwe chikugwirizana ndi kapena pafupi ndi tsiku la madyerero a fano yeniyeni. A zambiri thandizo ndiponso lathandiza chizindikiro Chijojiya wa Amayi, monga okhulupirira kupemphera, kale olembedwa. Kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi za, monga kawiri kawiri zimachitika.

Kodi kunena mu pemphero

Pemphero zingamvekere osiyana, Chofunika, kuti mawu kuchokera pansi pa mtima. Ndi pempho kutipatsa mphamvu yakukhala ndi pakati munene kuti Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba, tamachenjerani mapemphero a ana ake a dziko lapansi, ndi mphamvu yake yodabwitsa ya matenda machiritso ndi ulamuliro wa ziwanda, eases chisoni, kumatha kulakwa, kutipulumutsa ku mavuto ndi kuyeretsa kwa tchimo. Kufunsa Namwali Mariya kuti ankatha osabereka mabanja wosabereka, anawachonderera kwa iwo pamaso Mwana Wauzimu ndi atumiki Ake kumupempherera iye, kuyembekezera ake ndi zonse kutamanda ulemerero wake.

Mapemphero ena kuunikila udindo wa Yesu, Lady Wathu pempho limene akhoza kuchiza kapena kuthetsa mavuto. Napemphapempha limanena kuti si oyenera amvedwe ndi Ambuye, koma mayi ake konse kusiya munthu sitingapeze akupereka Mwana wa ngakhale kwambiri chete, koma oona mtima pemphero. Pemphani Mulungu mwa Namwali Mariya kwaku nthandizani kukhala wopembedza ndi kuwala kwa malamulo a Ambuye.

Umboni wa anthu zikomo kwambiri chifukwa zozizwitsa mwapatsidwa mwa njira yapadera, ndi mitanda, amene Anapachikidwa mu akachisi a mafano a Virgin. Kaya ndi kulikonse kumene Mkhristu napemphera Virgin Woyera, chikhulupiriro wolimba moyo wake wangwiro ndi ndithu zidzapangitsa kuti chozizwitsa chenicheni.