Ichi zosiyanasiyana mtundu - Zam'madzi

Kodi tikudziwa za iwo - nyama vtorichnopolostnyh nyama zonse zopanda mafupa, amene amaphatikizidwa mu mtundu wa nkhono? Kuti iwo ndi yofewa, boneless thupi, ena zipolopolo Mbali yokhala ngati (ngati nkhono), ndi ena kulibe (monga slugs). Ena mwa iwo amakhala ndi moyo wamtendere, kudya udzu, ndi ena - ngakhale ogwirira zoopsa ndi majeremusi. Munthu wochedwa (mwachitsanzo, nkhono amakwawa pa ola masentimita 12-20 chabe), pamene nyamayi ntchito "kwakusiyana injini", angafikire liwiro 70 km / h. Pali mitundu yomwe imakonzedwa makamaka ayipanga kudyedwa (mamazelo, nkhono) kapena ngale, sepia, purpura. Ndipo pali nkhono chakupha kwambiri zomwe zingachititse imfa amuna khumi okha.

Pakati banja variegated kwambiri pang'ono palinso odya anzawo, ndipo ngakhale MIZUKWA. Kodi sayansi m'gulu mtundu uwu? Mollusks anawagawa m'magulu atatu: bivalves, gastropods ndi cephalopods. Koma pamaso akulankhula za kusiyana pakati pa nkhono, nkhono ndi nyamayi, tiyeni wodzipatula chimene chimagwirizanitsa izi mosiyana, moyo ndi mlingo wa nzeru za nyama. Onse alibe mafupa m'mimba. Zipolopolo za nyama zina ndi "nyumba" zawo, overheat chitetezo ndi adani. thupi lawo imakhala torso, miyendo ndi mutu. Mitundu kwambiri, pali "chofunda" - khungu khola okuta mtima, chiwindi, impso. Magazi ali chikasu, koma ena cephalopods - utoto.

Nkhono mtundu ankakonda kwambiri mu nthawi Jurassic, pamene ambiri a dziko lapansili chidafundidwa ndi madzi. Pali oposa 130,000 mitundu zolengedwa malasha - pafupifupi ambiri mitundu kumeneko tsopano akewo. Ndipo mwa iwo muli anthu amene anali kuwaona zinatha, koma anamugwira wamoyo popanda kupwetekedwa kuchokera pansi pa madzi. Izi ndi zimene zinachitika ndi "malasha" neopilina kuti wagwidwa 1952 mu Pacific Ocean. Choncho sitingathe kunena motsimikiza wotani mbisoweka - zokhudza ikutha yake akukokomeza. Akukhulupirira kuti m'zaka Jura ngale zinali zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zokumbidwa pansi. Yaikulu, anapeza kum'mwera US, cephalopod chitsanzo -. Nyamayi Zitatu mita padziko nyanja zaka miliyoni 325 zapitazo. Komabe, mu 2003 pa gombe la Antarctica anakwatulidwa nyamayi mu mamita awiri ndi theka yaitali.

Maphunziro Gastropods ndi wapadera chifukwa chakuti nthumwi zake katswiri dziko, ndi chifukwa zochuluka kwambiri. Mosiyana bivalves ndi cephalopods, palibe zimphona. Ena mitundu otentha angafikire 60 cm, koma ambiri - ndi nyama zazing'ono 8-12 masentimita yaitali. Njirayi imatchedwa chifukwa chakuti "miyendo," womwe kwenikweni - osati nthambi ndi thunthu yokha. Ena mwa gastropods ndi lakuya, ndi ena - "maliseche". Iwo kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa minofu torso ndi miyendo; Iwo kudyetsa makamaka pa mbewu chakudya. Mu nkhono lapadziko pansi pa mutu uli pakamwa, ndipo pamwamba - tentacles tcheru, nsonga amene anayikidwa "maso". The ziwalo liwakhalira pakhoma.

Kodi wina ndi chidwi gulu la anthu monga mtundu wa nkhono? Ena mwa iwo (bivalves), moyo yekha mu matupi madzi. Chinyama waukulu wa kalasi ndi tridacna: ena toyesa masekeli makilogalamu 300. Mbali khalidwe la mtundu uwu ndi akatumba amphamvu kwambiri, mavavu yolusa chipolopolo. Mfundo lalikulu yotengedwa mthunzi, masekeli makilogalamu 6. N'zochititsa chidwi chakuti Black Sea Rapan anagunda Nyanja Black kokha 30. zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi kufika kwa sitima Pacific. Modzikhulupirira wosusuka alendo pasanathe zaka 100 kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mamazelo m'dera ndi nkhono, anawaika pa atsale pang'ono kutha onse.

Amaona kuti palibe gastropods kapena bivalves alibe nzeru. Komabe, chotero nsombayi, ngati nyamayi ndi, amachititsa ulemu musanaganizire. The woimira cephalopods mwangwiro amenable akuphunzira, mukudziwa anthu amene kudyetsa, kusiyanitsa mithunzi ya mitundu misa, transmits mfundo munthu wina ndi mzake, ndi ubongo, amene amateteza "protocherep" - wapadera cartilaginous chipolopolo. Ndi zonsezi nyamayi yaikulu akhoza kufinya mu kusiyana ndi makulidwe a ndalama! molluscs awa akhoza kumanga nyumba kuchokera ku zitini kapena zipolopolo akufa iwo anasonkhana kumanga ngakhale ndi chitseko!