HPP - ndi ... Shushenskaya HPP

HPP - malo adamangapo pa mtsinje wa cholinga cha mphamvu kutembenuka mu panopa magetsi. Imodzi mwa nyumba zikuluzikulu za magetsi nthawi zambiri ndi damu kuti midadada njira.

Kodi HPP

Opangira magetsi mphamvu okwerera - nkofunika kwa chuma cha boma chinthu zonse, mwa zina, ndi chizindikiro cha patsogolo mafakitale. Koma, ngakhale aakulu ngati maofesi zikuluzikulu osavuta ntchito mfundo.

Poyamba, madzi yopezeka kwa hydro masamba chopangira mphamvu wokwera mu chipinda engine. otsiriza rotational mphamvu anasamutsa kwa magudumu a. magetsi kwaiye umaperekedwa kwa mizere dongosolo mphamvu m'chigawo.

Chifukwa cha khalidwe lililonse la HPP zoona, mphamvu zake. Chinthu Zimenezi zimadalira chiwerengero cha anayendayenda mwa chopangira mphamvu madzi ndi kukakamiza. The zambiri yotsirizira chithunzi, ndi apamwamba siteshoni damu.

mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera

Choncho, HPP - chidwi lonse malo munamangidwa pa mtsinje. Panopa m'dzikoli pali mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri yokha za magetsi:

• madamu;

• zosangalatsa.

Zikatero, kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga madzi mu ritsa nthambi kapena mumphangayo. Anamanga zosangalatsa HPP zambiri pa phiri si mikulo lonse ndi mafunde amphamvu.

Zochitika mwachizolowezi HPP yomanga

Kuwonjezera damu, ndi kumanga za magetsi mukumangidwa, ndi nyumba monga:

• powerhouse;
• zipata;
• sudopriemniki ndi makwerero nsomba;
• madzi kumaliseche chipangizo;
• dispenser.

nyumbayo ili HPP makina holo ndi turbines ndi magudumu.

ndi derivational siteshoni Kodi

zomera hydropower - ichi ndi chinthu chapadera kuti nthawi zonse anamangidwira pa mzere ndi otsetsereka phompho. Madzi mitsinje iyi Imene ikuyenda pansi kufinya amphamvu mwachibadwa, kotero kukhwimitsani ndi damu mu nkhani iyi si koyenera. Mumayenda chonchi HPS kugwa mwachindunji mu nyumba yaikulu turbines lapansi. The posungira nthawi analenga, koma malo nthawi zambiri ang'ono kwambiri. Madamu zofunika pa magetsi a mtundu yekha kwa kusintha otaya.

Kodi HPS ali mu Russia?

Opangira magetsi zomera mphamvu anamanga ku Russia, ndithudi, kwambiri. Ambiri mwa ntchitozo kuyambira nthawi ya Soviet Union. Woyambirira hydropower mbewu inamangidwa pa gawo la dziko lathu, anakhala Zyryanskaya. Anamanga malo izi Tsarist Russia mu 1892. Zinali siteshoni yaing'ono yomwe imapereka magetsi kuti m'dera mgodi wa malasha ngalande wanga.

Pa nthawi imene Soviet boma anatengera lonse dongosolo GOERLO umene zaka 10-15, dziko amayenera kumanga opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu ndi munkalowa kwa 21.254 zikwi. L / s. Pakali pano, lofunika kwambiri opangira magetsi zomera mphamvu la Russia ndi:

• Sayano-Shushenskaya (Sayanogorsk) ndi mphamvu 6.4 Gv;
• Krasnoyarskaya (Divnogorsk) - 6 Gv;
• Bratskaya (Bratsk) - 4,52 Gv;
• Ayenela-Ilminsky - 3,84 Gv;
• Boguchinskaya (Kodinsk) - 3 Gv;
• Zhigulevskaya - 2.4 TS;
• Bureyskaya - 2,01 Gv;
• Cheboksarskaya (Novocheboksarsk) - 1.4 Gv;
• Saratov (Balakovo) - 1,38 Gv;
• Zeyskaya (Zea) - 1,33 Gv;

Komanso, chinthu mokwanira waukulu Nizhnekamskaya HPP (Naberezhnye Chelny). Mphamvu ya malopa ndi 1,25 TS. Mwini ndi JSC "Generation Company" ndi "Tatenergo". Anamanga siteshoni pa Kama Mtsinje.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: History

Ndi izi opangira magetsi mphamvu siteshoni, omwe ali mbali ya Yenisei kugwa, ndi yaikulu kwambiri mu dziko. Chaka chilichonse amabala avareji biliyoni 23,5 kWh / h magetsi. Anagwirizana ndi Boma la USSR pa pomanga Sayano-Shushenskaya siteshoni mphamvu mu 1961. Kodi pa ntchito yomanga ake inayamba mu 1968. Mu 1978, damu Sayano-Shushenskaya anadzazidwa. Mwalamulo, pomanga siteshoni inatha yekha mu 2000.

Ntchito yomanga siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu limodzi, mwatsoka, kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya vuto. Pa ntchitoyo maulendo angapo anawononga spillway, ndi damu ming'alu anapanga. Komabe, kuweruza ndi malipoti a zaka zam'mbuyo, nkhani zimenezi zonse bwinobwino mwake.

siteshoni makhalidwe

Ili Sayano-Shushenskaya siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu pafupi ndi mudzi wa Cheryomushki pafupi Sayanogorsk pa Yenisei Mtsinje. Panopa, ndi makamaka nyumbayi wayikidwa magawo 10, lililonse mphamvu ya 640 MW. Ntchito, pamene mwatsoka, pali mayunitsi 8 okha. Turbines pa malopa anapereka wamphamvu kwambiri mtundu Ro 230 / 833-0-677, ntchito mu mutu oveteredwa mamita 194. Kutalika kwa HPP damu ndi 245 m. Kudera popangidwa ndi kumanga siteshoni posungira ndi 621 Km ^2.

Pomanga chomera mphamvu anasefukira, okwana mahekitala 35.600 a minda. Pa nthawi yomweyo izo zinkayenera kuti kudzachitike monga mitundu 2717 osiyana a nyumba. The madzi mu mgodi HPP zimaonetsa wabwino, choncho pansi pa yotsatira minda ochepa okhazikika kupanga mumapezeka nsomba unapangidwa bungwe. Mosungiramo ili Sayano-Shushenskaya siteshoni imodzi mwa zigawo zitatu: Khakassia, Tuva ndi Krasnoyarsk Gawo. Pa magombe ake, mwa zina, amachita ndi Sayano-Shushenskaya Biosphere Reserve.

The ngozi pa Shushenskaya HPP 2009

Kumayambiriro zaka za pa Sayano-Shushenskaya siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu panachitika ngozi yoopsa kwambiri, amene anapha anthu 75. August 17, 2009 mu chopangira mphamvu holo ya nyumba yaikulu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa unit hayidiroliki wa wachiwiri unali waukulu kumasulidwa madzi chopangira mphamvu ya. Kuthira mtsinje anathyola kubala mizati ya nyumba ndi kuonongeka zipangizo anaika mu izo. Chifukwa cha madzi ingress ena magudumu opangira magetsi ali kunja kwa dongosolo, ndi zina, ndi zonse zinawonongedwa. kachitidwe sayansi yonse inali pansipa 327, akhala anasefukira.

Kumatha zotsatira za poyambirira ngoziyo amakakamiza siteshoni antchito. Anali kampani ina nawo. Pamapeto a maloko hayidiroliki akatswiri anatenga maola pafupifupi 9 ndi mphindi 20. Madzi inflow mu chipinda injini inaima. Ambiri, ntchito kuthetsa zotsatira za ngozi panafika 2,7 zikwi. Anthu ndi kuimenyetsa 200 zida. Pofuna kupewa madzi kulowa holo anali kumanga yomanga akukhudzidwa, okwana kutalika anali mamita 9683.