Nizhny Novgorod NPP: malongosoledwe, mawu a zomangamanga, mfundo chidwi ndi ndemanga

Za ntchito yomanga chinthu chotero zofunika kwa chuma monga Nizhny Novgorod NPP, atolankhani anayamba lipoti kumbuyo mu 2006. ntchito ya malopa ndi siriyo ndipo panopa pa izo kukhala yomanga Novovoronezh NPP. Makasitomala a malo atsopano ndi kampani "Energoatom". Kwenikweni ntchito wakhala akupangidwa ndi zomangamanga kampani "Atomproekt" (Nizhny Novgorod).

Kuthekera ntchito yomanga

Chibwenzi, m'chigawo Nizhny Novgorod, mwatsoka, palibe lalikulu magetsi. Zonsezi zosiyanasiyana mafakitale kugwira ntchito mu dera kwambiri. Choncho, kuchepa kwa mphamvu amakhala cholepheretsa mu chitukuko cha chuma dera. Ntchito yomanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya angathe kuthandiza kwathunthu vutolo. Pambuyo erection wa chinthu lalikulu, mwa zina, m'chigawo komanso Kudzakhala zikwi za ntchito yatsopano. Akatswiri amanena kuti pomanga siteshoni zabwino osati Nizhny Novgorod, komanso m'madera oyandikana nawo. Ndipotu, perekani magetsi pambuyo yomanga mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu chikuyembekezeka kuzichita ndi apo.

Kodi adzamanga Nizhny Novgorod NPP - chigamulo chomaliza

Mu kukafola nyukiliya magetsi ntchito poyamba ankaona malo awiri kuti ili: 23 Km from Murom, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Monakovo (Navashino chigawo) kapena 20 kuchokera kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Uren (Uren). Mu 2009, pambuyo kafukufuku wogwira ntchito pa malo, mmalo chinaperekedwa kwa chimake choyamba. Station kumanga Choncho pafupi Monakovo. Zikuoneka kuti pomanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya m'dera ndalama biliyoni 20 rubles mtengo.

Kodi n'chiyani chidzachitikire ndi anthu

Monga kutukula ntchito kunena, Nizhny Novgorod NPP - chinthu amene zomangamanga pa chilengedwe sati amakhudzidwa dera. okwerera masiku ano anamanga m'njira kuti ngakhale mwachindunji ku dera lawo kuchuluka maziko cheza si anati. Choncho, midzi yapafupi pa malo a ntchito yomanga watsopano mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu kuthetsa, ndithudi, sadzatero. Komanso, ntchito yomanga siteshoni adzakhala ndi kuwalimbikitsa kuti imathandizira pa chitukuko cha zomangamanga Navashino chigawo.

mfundo zotsutsana

Kumene, anasangalala ndi ntchito yomanga siteshoni mu dera Nizhny Novgorod si onse. Mfundo yaikulu ya otsutsa yomanga a malo atapereka kuti mowirikiza anapanga pafupi ndi mudzi Monakovo karst zolephera. Komabe, kutukula ntchito azisangalatsa anthu kuti ndi kafukufuku Geological dziko khola m'dera la makilomita angapo wapezeka yomanga mayunitsi.

kapangidwe

Amaganiza kuti akupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu m'dera Nizhny Novgorod adzakhala mayunitsi awiri. mphamvu zawo okwana 2510 MW. Komanso iwo anaganiza zomanga mathanki awiri. Poyamba, Nizhniy Novgorod NPP ankafuna ntchito mayunitsi mphamvu ya VVER-1200. Komabe, patapita kusankha ntchito bwino ndi otetezeka njira. Malinga ndi ntchito pano, malidza ntchito madzi utakhazikika VVER-TOI. NPP yokha adzaphatikizapo nyumba zazikulu, maofesi, kupereka chitetezo ndi maofesi thandizo.

Mayendedwe pa dera la siteshoni amayenera kuchita woyamba sitima / sitima. Komabe, kenako anaganiza m'malo galimoto. N'zotheka kuchepetsa dera siteshoni ndipo potero kuchepetsa ndalama.

VVER-TOI

Tingayambe VVER-1200 mu VVER-TOI makamaka chifukwa kuchuluka pambuyo amafuna Fukushima chitetezo. Nyukiliya bwino VVER-TOI riyakitala akhoza kulimbana Anthufe tikuvutika, mphepo ndi mphepo mathamangidwe la 56 m / s, chivomezi - mfundo 8, kugwa ndege yolemera matani 400, ndi funde kuthamanga mantha mpaka 30 kPa. Ubwino wa VVER-TOI, mwa zina, monga chakuti vuto la vuto, nthawi yomweyo akutembenukira kutali basi.

maganizo a sayansi

Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kumanga kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu m'dera Nizhny Novgorod, ndithudi, zoyenera ndi zofunikira. Reviews a sayansi za mphamvu nyukiliya nthawi zambiri, ndithudi, positive. Ubwino wa ntchito yomanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya monga:

• ndi cheapness wachibale wa yopanga mphamvu;

• chiyero zachilengedwe mankhwala analandira;

• Kuthekera ndalama danga (NPP zatenga malo ochepa poyerekeza ndi zina okwerera).

Komabe, ngakhale mwa sayansi pali otsutsa yomanga mitengo imeneyi. Akatswiri ambiri amaona mfundo kuzigwiritsa ntchito yoopsa kwambiri.

Mu Nizhny Novgorod, mmodzi wa initiators wa Zionetsero zochita ndi kumanga chinthu monga Nizhny Novgorod NPP, wakhala odziwika nyukiliya sayansi A. Ozharovsky. Malinga ndi iye, Navashino chigawo - osati malo abwino kumanga nyukiliya magetsi. sakumanga palibe mu dziko Carsten NPP. M'dera Nizhny Novgorod zoona, adzakhululukidwa kuika kuyesera oopsa. Koma malinga n'kunena A. Ozharovsky, kumanga siteshoni pa malo karst ngakhale yowopsa kwambiri kuposa m'dera seismically yogwira.

Malingaliro a anthu anaonera

Ntchito yomanga mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera mu Nizhny Novgorod chigawo Navashino, ndithudi, chikwiyire anachita wosanganiza m'deralo. Pambuyo ziwanga tinagwirizana yomanga a malo ofunika, anthu a m'dera zoona, kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Nzika zina mokomera yomanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, popeza kuti ichi ndi zotsatira zabwino pa malo chuma derali. Ndipo, chotero, kuonjezera zinthu bwino kukhala wa anthu onse Nizhny Novgorod. Other m'gulu sindikufuna kukhala pafupi chotero chinthu choopsa ndi bungwe mitundu yonse kumusonyeza - kuchokera misonkhano akaonekere kwa pulezidenti. Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri, mpata kupambana zachilengedwe otsutsa yomanga imeneyi, tingati palibe. Ngakhale zoipa zimene ambiri pagulu, siteshoni adzakhala posapita nthawi kuti inaimika.

yomanga nthawi

Kumene, monga kuti ndi kumene iwo adzamange nyukiliya magetsi Nizhny Novgorod, akanafuna kuti adziwe anthu ambiri, osati dera, komanso ozungulira. The ntchito choyamba ntchito siteshoni m'mudzi Monakovo m'dera ayenera kuyamba mwamsanga 2014. Makutu yomanga zake zaperekedwa mu 2009. Ntchito wavomerezedwa, koma NPP anali atayamba kumanga. Adani a yomanga siteshoni zinasangalala. Komabe, mu January 2013, wotsatila mutsogoleli wa JSC "NIAEP" chuma B. Katz ananena kuti pomanga nyukiliya magetsi adzayamba mu 2014. Koma nthawi iyi deadlines anali kulephereka. Malinga ndi mawu posachedwapa anapanga ndi oimira Nizhny Novgorod makonzedwe dera, adzayamba kumanga siteshoni pansi Monakovo mu 2019. unit Woyamba kufotokoza amenewa mu 2022, wachiwiri - mu 2025. china mathanki awiri kumangidwa ndi 2030.

Zosangalatsa za mphamvu za nyukiliya

Nizhny Novgorod NPP yomanga Choncho linachititsa mantha yovomerezeka anthu. Kumene, mantha a anthu wamba zikhoza kuganiziridwa kuposa wolungamitsidwa. Mu chochitika cha ngozi Pa malo adzakhala zotsatira osati zoopsa, koma moona choyipa. Komanso, zimakhudza osati anthu a dera Nizhny Novgorod, komanso dera lonse loyandikira. Wokwanira kukumbukira kuti Chernobyl ngozi zomwe zinachititsa kuti asaipitsidwe ndi gawo, osati Ukraine komanso mu Belarus, Russia ndi ngakhale Europe.

Yomanga malo a Nizhny Novgorod NPP, mwina bwino osankhidwa. Komabe, nkhawa zambiri anthu za malo amenewa adakali osati wolungamitsidwa kwathunthu. Kwenikweni zoopsa basi leni ngozi mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu cheza kutayikira. Mu ena onse zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya - maofesi otetezeka kwambiri, pa ozungulira dera chilengedwe anali pafupifupi palibe chikoka. Mwachitsanzo:

• Pali maganizo amene anthu okhala pafupi ndi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya zambiri amadwala khansa. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi si chatsimikiziridwirapo mwasayansi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, matenda mofanana wamba kulikonse mu dziko.

• Ena mphamvu otsutsa nyukiliya amakhulupirira kuti zigawenga tikhoza kunena kuti riyakitala Mwachitsanzo, ndege chalanda, kuchititsa ngozi. Komabe, kafukufuku kusamala ndi kuwerengetsera asonyeza kuti palibe zoyendera zonyamula kapena ndege lankhondo la kuwonongeka zikuluzikulu zinthu zimenezo chifukwa sitingapeze.

• Palinso maganizo kuti zinyalala za nyukiliya mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera posakhalitsa anasefukira padziko lonse. Komabe, ndi chinyengo. Zinyalala pa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya samaoneka. yosungirako alipo kudzadza kuposa kamodzi mu zaka 20-40.

okwerera zimene ena adzamangidwa mu Russia mu zaka kubwera

Mbali ntchito zikuluzikulu zomwe inyamuka ku Russia mpaka 2030, ndi South Urals, Nizhny Novgorod ndi Chitata NPP. Pa nthawiyi, kuwonjezera siteshoniyi Monakovo, kuyembekezeredwa kumanga mathanki awiri Ozersk (Chelyabinsk dera), ndi ziwiri - m'mudzi. Kamskie Glade (RT).

South Ural mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu pamapeto pake zigwirizana mayunitsi atatu. mphamvu adzakhala zopanda 2400 MW. Poyamba ankaona malo angapo siteshoni. Pomaliza, kusankha anapangidwa mokomera Metlino ndi kuthetsa pafupi ndi tauni ya Ozersk. Malinga ntchito pa malopa BN-800 adzakhala anaika.

Chitata NPP ntchito anayamba kupanga mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo. ntchito kukonzekera pa zomangamanga osankhidwa ake pafupi ndi mudzi wa Polyana Kamskie inayamba mu 1980. Mwatsoka, m'chaka cha 1990, malo ichi ndi chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama anali atapanga. Malinga ndi ntchito yatsopano pa malidza kuikidwa mayunitsi anayi. Potsilizira pake, siteshoni mphamvu 1210 MW.

m'malo mapeto

Motero, m'nkhani ife tinapeza kumene adzakhala Nizhny Novgorod NPP ili ndi pamene adzakhululukidwa inaimika. Kumanga malo pafupi Murom pafupi ndi mudzi Monakovo. Kumene, ubwino nyukiliya magetsi dera yomanga adzalandira kwambiri. Nizhny Novgorod akuluakulu amene asankha chisankho yomanga wake, akhoza kumva. ndi kuchepekedwa mphamvu m'chigawo ali kwenikweni chachikulu. Koma maganizo a anthu, kumene, amaona kukhala chofunika kwambiri. Osachepera akuluakulu akuyenera kulankhula bwinobwino kufotokozera anthu mmene koopsa ndi kumanga siteshoni pafupi ndi mudzi wa Monakovo - m'dera karst.