The ndege La-7: specifications, zojambula, zithunzi

ndege Soviet La-7 analengedwa OKB 21 (mzinda wa Gorky, tsopano Nizhny Novgorod -). Iye anatsogolera chitukuko cha SA Lavochkin - mmodzi wa opanga zabwino Soviet. ndege uwu unali umodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri nkhondowo ndege panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri. Iye ophatikizana ntchito zofunika kwambiri mpweya chapamwamba - maneuverability ndi zida.

mwachidule

LA 7 - ndege, sipangakhalenso wachinsinsi monga monoplane (chipangizo ndi awiri mmodzi wa mapiko). Iwo ali wosakwatiwa-injini ili uta, ndi mpando umodzi - kwa katswiri woyendetsa. kuloŵedwa m'malo - 5-womenya ndege, komanso anayamba mu 21 m Edo. The zinachitika loyamba la ndegeyo (by LA 120 kachidindo) anavula mu November 1943.

Kumayambiriro a 1944, iye bwinobwino zapita mayesero ndege ndi machimo ntchito nkhondo. Pakutha kwa nkhondo ku conveyor ndi mbadwa kuposa 5.700 womenya La-7. Malinga oyendetsa ambiri Soviet, ndege imeneyi inali yabwino: kuyamikira see ake, liwiro, kudalirika ndi firepower. Pa helm umenewu omenyana mkulu kalasi kudalira kugonjetsa Ace iliyonse ya ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Nkhani ya

LA 7 chifukwa cha zamoyo njira zamakono mndandanda wa ndege angapo. Woyambirira anaonekera omenyana LaGG-2 (yapangidwa 1939) ndi LaGG-3 (1940 TH). chilengedwe awo anali nawo okonza M. Gudkov ndi Gorbunov. The womenya chachiwiri ankatha zouluka imathamanga 600 Km / h - mofulumira German ndege m'kalasi ake. Koma iye anali wolemera: 600 makilogalamu kuposa Yak-1. Maneuverability LaGG-3 ndi kukwera kumanzere kwambiri wolakalakika.

Mu 1942 anadza LA-5 ndi injini opepuka bwino kuwonedwa mu Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. The ndege yatsopano anali opambana "Messerschmitt", zinali awiri 20 millimeter mfuti likungosonyeza, ndipo iwo anali mtima kwambiri kuposa "German" ndi chida chimodzi chokha, wodzilemekeza ndi mfuti ziwiri makina.

Mu 1943, pa nthawi ya Nkhondo ya Kursk, dziko la Air Force analandira mbadwo watsopano ozimitsa - LA-5FN ndi injini uprated, mbandakucha mosavuta kulamulira. Ngakhale atsopano German "Focke-Wulf 190" sangakhale munthu mpikisano la ndegeyo Soviet. Ndipo potsiriza, pa mapeto a 1943 wauka chitsanzo zatsopano mpweya - LA 7. Pa izo, poyerekeza ndi womenya yapita, panali mfuti wachitatu, komanso ndege angafikire liwiro la 680 Km / h.

Kulengedwa namatetule

Munthu amene anatsogolera kulengedwa kwa LA 7 - Umuna Alekseevich Lavochkin. Iye - golide medalist, mu 1918-1920 anakagwira ntchito Red Army ndi asilikali malire. Ndiye chiwawa ndi tehuchilische Moscow Apamwamba (tsopano MSTU. Bauman), pamene iye analandira ntchito ya zomangamanga Aeromechanics. Nkhani nkhani yolembedwa wake anali kugwirizana ndi kukula yoponya mabomba a.

Ntchito makampani aviakonstruktorskoy Semyon idayamba mochedwa 20, woyamba popeza chinkhoswe ku angagwiritse ndege kuti zombo za USSR, kenako kupita ku ntchito pa womenya lapansi. Mu theka lachiwiri la 30s, pamene kunakhala wosakhazikika, boma Soviet anaganiza kulipira mwapadera kuti pakhale Air Force mu dziko. Choyamba Lavochkin ndi SN Lyushin analenga ndege LL-1, zida ndi mfuti dynamo rektivnymi. Kenako anabwera zinachitika I-301, munali kapangidwe zojambula kwambiri. LA 7 alitcha ake maonekedwe zomangamanga zochita Mbewu Alekseevich zaka.

makhalidwe a

Liwiro ndi mlingo wa kukwera la ndege La-7, mfundo, anali ofanana ndi amene wa La-5FN. Kuchepetsa womenya liwiro anali 680 Km / h (pamene zouluka pa msinkhu wa mamita 6 zikwi.), Mukafuna mtengo m'dziko - 597 Km / h. Osiyanasiyana LA 7 ulendo unali 635 Km, kutalika denga - 10 Km 750 m.

Kukwera womenya - mamita 1098 pa mphindi. Machine kutalika - 8,60 m, kutalika - 2,54 mamita Chopanda kulemera -. 2605 makilogalamu okuluwika - 3265 kg. Area wa mapiko womenya - 17,5 sq. mamita Zolemba zofunika kulemera -. 3400 kg. Wingspan la ndegeyo - 9,80 mamita LA 7 Engine -. Mmodzi wa mitundu itatu 82FN-DB, DB-83 Wankhondo kapena 71. 1850 ali ndi cholinga ndiyamphamvu (zomwe ndi lofanana 1380 kW). Chimodzi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa LA-7 ndege yapita - opepuka kapangidwe (chifukwa mamembala mbali ya chitsulo).

zida

Zipangizo nkhondowo ndege La-7 anali, monga ulamuliro, awiri 20 mm Cannon mtundu ShVAK kapena mfuti atatu a mtundu womwewo wa B-20 likungosonyeza. Iwo anali kuteteza mpirawo udzaphwanya masamba a tinakwera, ndi kuwakhazikitsa hydromechanical synchronizer. Zipolopolo kwa mfuti zambiri ShVAK anali zipolopolo 200 pa chida. Komanso zipolopolo zipolopolo lowonjezera zida kuboola incendiary mtundu (angathe kubaya zida 22 mamilimita ndi mtunda wa 100 m), komanso kugawikana incendiary mtundu zipolopolo. Pansi pa mapiko a ndege zingakhale akonzedwa mabomba (mpaka makilogalamu 100 lililonse mapiko). Ambiri a iwo anali zipolopolo mitundu Fab 50 ndi 100, ZAB 50, 100 (subscript amatanthauza misa bomba - 50 kapena 100 kg).

zolakwa

Akatswiri asilikali ananena kuti ndege La-7 nthawi kukana ntchito hydraulics. Izo sizinali ndithu azilandira ndi injini womenya. Chifukwa chakuti injini mpweya intakes anali mu phiko ndege, iwo anakhala mutadzala fumbi katundu pa zinthu zofunika ndi ndegeyo. Choncho, injini akhoza amakana kugwira ntchito. Mundawu chimalambalalidwa akatswiri pa mayesero amati: Kuvomereza zinachitika m'nyengo yozizira, pamene panalibe dothi.

Iwo anazindikira kuti injini pa LA-5FN anakana n'kukhala kwambiri kuposa LA 7. Mafuta ozizira ili pansi pa fuselage la ndegeyo, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi mu kanyumba amoto kwambiri (40 madigiri yozizira ndi 55 m'chilimwe). Oyendetsa amavutika kuti aphunzire kutenga nkhani yakuti cockpit anagwa mpweya utsi injini, ndipo nthawi zambiri waponya pa condensate galasi.

Yerekezerani ndi mankhwala ofanana: Chiphunzitsochi ndi Tsatani

LA 7 ndege, amene ali chithunzi mabuku ambiri a ndege Soviet nthawi zambiri amaona womenya ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa anzawo a German - FW 190 ndi "Messerschmitt-109". Komabe, oyendetsa okha ananena kuti kukamenyana ndege German zinali zovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuchita madzi, monga ena aces Soviet, "Germany" anali kuposa makina. Choncho, nkhondoyi ngati mdani ankachita monga aerobatics, kodi zambiri yekha oyendetsa ambiri odziwa Union Air Force.

Koma, Chofunika, mu LA 7 Zikatero, kupereka mwayi chifukwa ingachititse zakuthwa liwiro. Popeza anakwanitsa kufika pafupi ndi Germany akhoza kuukira adani. Komabe zizindikiro unakhota utali wozungulira (yopingasa maneuverability) pa LA 7 kulola akunenera za ubwino pa ndege German. Ichi chinali chifukwa m'munsi Soviet womenya phiko potsegula: pafupifupi 190 makilogalamu / sq m. (Pamene "German" - oposa 200 makilogalamu / sq.m.). Choncho LA 7 chiyani kutembenukira masekondi 3-4 mofulumira kuposa Mwachitsanzo, "Focke-Wolf".

zinachitikira nkhondowo

LA 7 - ndi ndege, amene anapanga utumwi wawo nkhondowo, MU Kozhedub - lodziwika bwino woyendetsa, Hero wa Soviet Union katatu. Kulimbana momwe iye anayamba pa helm wa LA-5 limene Watsitsa dazeni ndege angapo. Peres LA 7, Kozhedub anawononga 17 German omenyana, apambana ndipo kumaliza utumwi wake nkhondowo pa nkhondoyo pafupi Berlin.

Yogwira nkhondowo ntchito ya ndege inayamba mu June 1944. womenya wakhala ulemu wapadera mu alonda regiments ya Soviet Air Force. Za lodziwika bwino LA 7 ananena zabwino AI Pokryshkin - Al, Hero wa Soviet Union katatu. Mu ankagwira ntchito nkhondowo m'ndegemu, iye anaponya pansi 17 German omenyana, kuphatikizapo zotakasika "Messerschmitt-262". Great Soviet woyendetsa anaona LA 7 chitsanzo chabwino maneuverability, liwiro, chida mphamvu: izo zikulumikizana zonse mwangwiro ndi mumaikonda "chilinganizo" Ace "liwiro, kuzemba ndi moto."

The ndege la ngwazi za

LA 7 mbiri yakale wa Great kukonda dziko lako pachikhalidwe kugwirizana ndi dzina la Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub amene yagoletsa 64 yapambana (kulibenso wina Ace odana ndi Hitler Mgwirizano). nkhondo Akaunti woyendetsa anatsegula mu March 1943 pa ndege asilikali La-5. Kenako Kozhedub amapanga mtundu wa womenya ndege 146 sorties kukagogoda 20 "German". Mu May 1944, woyendetsa anasamukira LA-5FN, amene anali anasonkhana pa ndalama, chochititsa chidwi, mmodzi wa Stalingrad dera mlimi. Pa ndege imeneyi, iye 7 mayunitsi mdani ndege. Mu August Kozhedub Regiment unasamutsidwira watsopano omenyana Soviet Air Force ndege-7. Mu mtundu uwu wa ndege Ivan Nikititch kumenyana mpaka mapeto a World.

Nthawi ina mishoni nkhondowo LA 7 Kozhedub kunagwa, injini wake ndayima kaye. Mtima kuti tizipeleke kwa mdani, Soviet Ace anatumiza ndege mmodzi wa zinthu pansi. Koma pamene womenya anayamba kuulukira pansi, injini mwadzidzidzi udachita, ndipo Kozhedub, kusunthira LA-7 pachimake, ku airfield lapansi. Yonse ya nkhondo, Ivan Nikitich anawulukira pa nkhondowo ntchito nthawi 330, nkhondo mpweya 120, amene anawononga 64 mdani ndege. Iye anali kupereka mendulo atatu "Gold Star".