Ndege chonyamulira "Liaoning". The flagship la zombo za China

China ogulidwa kuchokera Ukraine mu 1998, yosatha Union ndege chotengera cha Navy "Varyag" ndipo mu 2002, potsiriza izo. Pambuyo refit yokulirapo pa doko la zombo zapanyanja mu Dalian kumpoto China chombo anapatsidwa mu September 2012 ndipo anadzatchedwa ndi "Liaoning" polemekeza m'chigawo kumpoto kum'mawa. Ntchito yaikulu ya sitimayo - kutumikira monga nthaka kukonzekera bulu Chinese kuti akaphunzire cha machitidwe a ndege chonyamulira ano, komanso kukhala ndi kusintha njira zamakono zimene ntchito pamene angagwiritse nyumba zombo za kalasi.

kuwola mankhwala

Poyamba, ndege chonyamulira "Liaoning" ankatchedwa waukulu ndege kumangopitirizabe cruiser "Riga". Zinali sitima yachiwiri Project 1143.5 (kalasi "asilikali Kuznetsov") Union apanyanja. 67,500 matani chombo anaika pa Black Sea doko la zombo zapanyanja mu Nikolaev, Ukraine, 12.06.85 ndi anapezerapo pa 04.12.88. Iwo anadzatchedwa ndi "Varyag" mu July 1990. Utatha wa Soviet Union mu 1991, malo izo kunditumiza ku Ukraine. Chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama yomanga unatha mu 1992. Pa nthawi imeneyo, 70% ya nthandala ndege inamangidwa. Amapanga chombo yatha, koma panalibe armament, zamagetsi ndi galimotoyo.

China kwa nthawi yoyamba anafotokoza zinthu "Varyag" ogula 1992. oimira boma la China anapita m'ngalawa, anaima pa quay Nikolaev doko la zombo zapanyanja, koma zokambirana akhala zaonongeka cifukwa ca mkangano mtengo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, yosatha "Varyag" anatsalira ku doko zosasamaliridwa kwa zaka 6. Kumapeto kwa 1990, chombo auctioned ndipo adagula ndi kampani Chinese mu Macau kwa $ 20 miliyoni kuti kutembenuka ku kasino akuyandama ndi bwalo lachisangalalo. The mgwirizano ndi Ukraine loletsa wogula ntchito m'chombo zolinga asilikali. Pamaso kugulitsa zonse zida za nkhondo ndege anawachotsa.

Ku kasino akuyandama kwa flagship wa Bulu la China

Mu 1999, zaka 11 pambuyo afunika ndi, "Varyag" Kenaka atachoka doko, lotengeka ndi agogo amandikhudza angapo olimba Far East. Komabe, chombo anakana kudutsa pa Bosphorus boma la Turkey pa chifukwa chakuti ngalawa ili de A-amayesetsa ndi lalikulu kwambiri chiopsezo ziwiya zina ndi zinthu mu Khwalala. "Varyag" inali pafupi ndi Khwalala mu zaka zitatu. Pambuyo boma Chinese analowereraponso ndipo mu 2001 Turkey anasamutsa $ 1 miliyoni monga chitsimikizo, chombo potsiriza kupitiriza ulendo wawo.

November 4, "Varyag" anali 10-mfundo mkuntho anathyola nangula pafupi ndi cisumbu Greek wa Skyros. Pambuyo anayesera njira zambiri zinalephereka kuti ayambenso kulamulira m'chombo, ndi ndege ya Greek Coast Alonda anasamutsidwa 7 mamembala adalira. Atagwa pamene akuyesa angagwirizanitse yodzakokera chingwe kumakoka yapamadzi anafa Haliva Champion. chotengeracho AKUBWERETSANSO pansi pa ulamuliro pa tsiku lomwelo.

Pambuyo ulendo lotopetsa "Varyag" mu March 2002, potsiriza anafika pa Dalian doko la zombo zapanyanja kumpoto China ndipo anali kumeneko moyang'aniridwa lolemera. Ndi nthawi kunapezeka kuti ngalawa ili mu bwalo lachisangalalo lidzasinthidwa nthawi. M'malomwake, Anam'samutsira ndi Bulu la China kufufuza ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Ndi chombo, China walandira zithunzi ndi zolembedwa ntchito. Mu 2005, ndege chonyamulira wakhala anasamukira ku doko wouma Dalian doko la zombo zapanyanja ndi utoto imvi panyanja zombo ku China.

ntchito kubwezeretsa linamalizidwa mu mochedwa 2006. Kenako mu April 2009, chombo anasamutsidwa ndi mzake youma-doko la unsembe wa injini ndi zipangizo zina katundu. Unsembe anayamba kumapeto 2010. Ndi March 2011 superstructure pa sitimayo chapamwamba anali pafupifupi onse, anamaliza kupenta ndi katawala kuchotsedwa.

"Research chotengera"

Mu June 2011, mutu wa ndodo ya anthu Kutulutsidwa Army, General Chen Bingde watsimikizira kuti China akumanga ndege chonyamulira. Icho chinali choyamba boma kuzindikira kuti kuli ntchito choterocho. July 27, Ministry of National silikhali China analengeza kuti ilo kachiwiri kukhwimitsani ndi chotengera cha "kafukufuku wa sayansi, zatsopano ndi zolinga maphunziro." Woyamba zinayi tsiku mayesero nyanja chombo zinachitika mu August, ndipo anayamba mndandanda chachiwiri mayesero mu December, lisanalipiridwe anabwerera ku fakitale kwa kutsirizitsa.

September 25, 2012 chombo mwalamulo achita m'Mphamvu pansi pa dzina latsopano la ndege chonyamulira "Liaoning» (CV-16). Mu November, Unduna wa silikhali anatsimikizira kuti womenya Chinese J-15 bwinobwino kumaliza agwirizane ndi zofunika ndi kumanga zida. Press China zikusonyeza kuti adalira maphunziro adzapitiriza kwa zaka 4-5 mpaka chombo sangafikire umatha pazipita.

ndege sitimayo ofotokoza

The flagship la zombo za Chinese ndege chonyamulira "Liaoning" ali aafupi msewu wonyamukira ndege, wokonzeka aerofinishem. Tengani-kutali ndi ntchito ndi kukhalapo kwa amphuno limbikitsa ngodya 14 °. sitimayo ali okonzeka ndi chingwe ananyema. chimakweza awiri pa starboard mbali kusuntha ndege kuchokera hangar kwa ndege sitimayo.

USS "Liaoning" amatha kunyamula 24 "zouluka nsombazi" - wosiyanasiyana omenyana sitimayo Shenyang J 15, kuphatikizapo awiri zosinthika awo - womenya maphunziro J-15S. Komanso, amapereka mitundu yambiri ya ndege za helikoputala shipborne, kuphatikizapo Helicopters kupanga Chinese Changhe Z 18, Z-18J AEW ndi Z-18F ASW, Harbin Z 9 komanso Ca 31. Chiwerengero cha aircrafts kusamutsidwa - mayunitsi 36.

zida

"Variag" unali wokonzeka antiship chida dongosolo "lubwe» (SS-N-9 Kulobzweka). Launcher wakhala ankaiphwasula kuti kugulitsa chombo China, ndi chida m'munsi - pa kutembenuka, kuti kuwonjezera kukula ya hangar ndege.

USS "Liaoning" dongosolo yatenganso yochepa osiyanasiyana mpweya chitetezo, amene wapangidwa ndi anayi machitidwe chida chitetezo HQ-10 (FL-3000N), aliyense ndi Launcher 18 mzinga, mofanana ndi dongosolo Rim 116 ntchito ndi Bulu US. Kusinthidwa nkhondo yochepa osiyanasiyana "mpweya ndi mpweya» mu- 90, HQ-10 zida ndi wapawiri chabe makina ounikira, ndi infuraredi homing mutu ndipo ali osiyanasiyana pazipita mamita 9000. Iwo zimaonetsa bwino Baibulo palokha yogwira infuraredi mutu ndipo ali osiyanasiyana pazipita 10000 m.

Komanso, USS "Liaoning" ali okonzeka ndi machitidwe awiri zida yochepa osiyanasiyana mtundu 1030 akuimira 10-mbiya chimake 730 CIWS mtundu dongosolo. Ndi 10-mbiya 30 mamilimita mfuti 2 imayambira nkhonya 500 zipolopolo. ogulitsira amodzi nthawi mlandu detachable zida kuboola zipolopolo. makatiriji kanthu anaponyedwa patsogolo kuchokera pansi pa kachitidwe. Mfuti ukulamulidwa kuchokera kunja, ndi mlingo pazipita 3.5-6 zikwi. Zipolopolo / min. kuwombera ake osiyanasiyana okha kuti 3000 m, koma zolinga zambiri anakhudzidwa pa mtunda wa 1000-1500 m.

kachitidwe kulankhulana ndi chandamale kudziwika

China a ndege chonyamulira "Liaoning" ali okonzeka ndi makina onga navigation:

• Rada chandamale kudziwika mtundu 382 Mphungu S / C (pamwamba pa mlongoti amamangiriridwa);
• m'madzi Rada;
• moto ulamuliro Rada HQ-10 Sam;
• Rada chandamale kudziwika mtundu 346 ndi ya anayi magulu yogwira mlongoti ndi makina scanned pa mlatho;
• Rada ndege;
• navigation Rada;
• aya mlongoti;
• Kanema mbale.

magetsi

Ndege chonyamulira "Liaoning" ali okonzeka ndi powerplant muyezo ofanana ndi kuika sitima "asilikali Kuznetsov" Russian apanyanja. Amakhala boilers 8 ndi anayi turbines nthunzi ya malita 50,000. a. lililonse. ngalawayo okonzeka ndi odzigudubuza anayi ndi injini atathana phula.

Ndege chonyamulira "Liaoning": Tartus

Mu September 2015 anauzidwa kuti flagship ya Chinese sitima anadutsa ndi Suez Canal ndipo popita ku gombe la Syria. Israeli asilikali nzeru webusaiti amanena kuti ndege chonyamulira "Liaoning" anafika ku Tartous, Syria, limodzi ndi oongoka chida cruiser. Kufika kwa ndege zankhondo ndi Helicopters, kuyembekezera m'ma November mwachindunji ku China kudzera Iran kapena mothandizidwa ndi Russian zoyendera ndege zochokera pa chombo ndi Russian m'munsi pafupi Latakia.

Chinese asilikali Katswiri anakana zimenezi. Iye anatsimikizira kuti China sichikanamuthandiza gulu lililonse kapena anthu Syria, chotsatira njira chilungamo ndi cholinga nkhaniyi. Komanso, Suriya gwero asilikali ananena kuti palibe warship Chinese sanapite ku Suriya madzi malo.

South China Sea kusagwirizana

Kodi ndege chonyamulira "Liaoning"? ngalawa ili pafupi China a madzi Kupititsa ndipo amakhala bwanji mphamvu mu dera, imene maganizo anali kukula kwa zaka zambiri, komanso maphunziro a anthu ogwira ntchito ndi panyanja ndege. Pambuyo sitima lachiwiri la kalasi adzamangira posachedwa, koma kupanga yake. A ankamasulira kwa kukulozani ndege kuti ntchito kachiwiri, chimene, ngakhale timatha ndegeyo kunyamula katundu zambiri, poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya catapults atomu, ntchito pafupifupi ndege onyamula Navy US sindingakhoze.

Ndi zombo ziwiri za kalasi iyi, China adzakhala m'gulu club osankhika - chiwerengero ziwiya yogwira kokha kwa Italy ndi India. Kupatula ndi sitima US Zombo Zankhondo khumi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse.