Dzina lake Aleksandr Dyuma fils: yonena, moyo ndi ntchito

Dzina lake Aleksandr Dyuma fils anali yaitali kulenga ndi wolemera moyo, umene unali malo a ntchito buku ndi romances chimphepo. Ife amadziŵika pa mankhwala "Dona wa Camellias ndi". The kwambiri Dzhuzeppe Verdi ankalemba sewero la "La Traviata", ochokera m'buku, amene analemba Dumas fils. Zawachititsa kuti mkangano pakati wolemba ndi wolemba, woimba sindinadandaule kupempha chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito buku monga libretto a.

bambo zosafunikira

zosafunikira Alexander Dumas bambo makumi awiri anatumikira mu Ofesi ya Duke wa Orleans, popeza analibe cholembedwa zodabwitsa. Iye mwachidule womangidwa moyo wake ndi zovala Katrina Labe, wokongola, zaukhondo ndi wachete. Pamene wosawuka m'mawa anali matope, ndi wokwiya kwambiri achinyamata Alexander, popeza sanakonzekere ukwati kapena mwana. Owonjezera zakuthupi ndiponso kusamalira sanafunike. July 28, 1824, Catherine anabereka mwana wamwamuna, amene anali christened polemekeza atate wake - Alexander. Ndi mwachikondi kwambiri ndi chikondi a mwanayo. Koma bambo anga ndi nthawi iyi anali kufufuza za kudzoza kwatsopano nyimbo. Za mwana wake, anakumbukira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha kenako, akuzengedwa mlandu iye anavomera ndipo anatumizidwa ku zaka zisanu ndi zinayi mu sukulu yogonera komweko maphunziro. Katrina Labe kuti ndalama kwa moyo, anakhala ali wamng'ono kuwerenga chipinda.

kukula

The mnyamata akudwala zimene anali mwana wapathengo kwa nthawi yaitali. Pamene akula mbakhala mnyamata, ndiye, ngati munthu wa masomphenya, kumvetsa zosafunikira chikhalidwe chikhalidwe bambo. Dumas anayamba kuona bambo monga bwenzi kwambiri, wolemba kwambiri ndi bambo zoipa. Okhadzula zapita, ndi Kubverana kwawo adzasintha. Wokongola abwino chikhalidwe, wopatsa pamene anali ndi ndalama - uyu anali Alexander Dumas bambo ndi mwana adamkondera mwana opusa, osati zaka anzeru wamkulu, yemwe kwawo zambiri zopusa Uwerenge franc zana. Iwo anali kukondana, koma, mwatsoka, sanathe kukhala pamodzi nthawi kukangana. Adzakhala ndi moyo. Mnyamata anaganiza kuti kukhala mana. Iye anali ndi luso la zolembalemba, koma anatsimikiza kulemba mosiyana.

maonekedwe

Zinali wokongola wamtali mwamuna ndi yotakata mapewa ndi dreamy tione. Kaimidwe adampereka chikhalidwe chake onyada. Mu zaka makumi awiri, iye anali odzaza ndi mphamvu ndi thanzi, zofiirira yowala lopotana tsitsi lotseguka nkhope ndi zimakambidwa wokongola. Akaunti telala kwa yapamwamba nsalu odula, ndi tayi moyera-ndi chovala ku nsonga ya, anabweretsa kwa England, anali yosalipidwa, koma zilibe kumuvutitsa. Dumas anali odzikweza, sharpness ndipo anagwa kuchokera pa iyo, koma ngati umenewu "wapakamwa" kubisala chikhalidwe tcheru omwe iye analandira kuchokera kwa mayi ake.

Alphonsine Plessis

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1844, mu bwalo lamasewera, anaona kama wa onse anazindikira courtesan wokongola. masomphenya a Mulungu ngati Fano zadothi: wamtali, mdima mapini pamodzi ndi woyera ndi pinki nkhope, chitumbuwa wofiira milomo chinabisidwa mano wangwiro, maso, monga ngati zopangidwa wakuda enamel, yopapatiza m'chiuno. ungwiro uwu yothandizana kudzikondweretsa diresi loyera ku bafuta, diamondi ndi golide. Mu Paris, amuna wanzeru kwambiri anaphunzitsa khalidwe labwino ndi luso kugwira kukambirana. Iye anaitana yekha Marie DuPlessis anali mkazi kwambiri kaso mumzindamo. nyumba yake inali linga la camellias, odorless, amene watsirizika mafani ake. Chifukwa wolemera mdzakazi anasankha mabwenzi ake apamtima mnyamata wopemphapempha? Iye mwaluso anatola chinsinsi moyo mavuto mkazi, ndipo iye analitsegula. Iye kumtonthoza iye, pamene Ndinaona misozi mu amati zosangalatsa. Ankalemekeza wake monga mkazi, ndipo iye kuti iye anali atasiya mafani onse olemera. Koma umphawi wake ndi maganizo ake mopanda ulemu kwa ndalama zinachititsa kuti asiyane mwa chaka.

imfa ya Marie

Alexander anapita pa ulendo wautali ndipo sanadziwe kuti thanzi la wokondedwa wake unayamba kuwonongeka. Iye anali zaka makumi awiri ndi zitatu zokha, ndipo adalimkumwalira iye TB. Iye anagulitsa zodzikongoletsera ake onse kuchitiridwa, koma sizinathandize. February 3, 1847 Marie anafa. Dumas atadziwa pamene anabwerera ku Marseille ku Algeria. Iye anawerenga makalata onse a Marie ndi chikondi chakuya kuti sanasiye mtima wake ndipo analemba buku "La Dame aux Camelias." Dumas anapanga heroine wa buku mkazi wakugwa Margaritu Gote, koma zoyesayesa za protagonist ndi kutembenukira kwa makhalidwe a atate wake pitani wokonda wake renunciation cha izo, kuti kuwononga tsogolo lowala za mnyamata kugulitsa miyala yamtengo wapatali, akavalo, ndi zapamwamba ena onse amene alapa mkazi, Alexander anatulukira.

A olimbikitsa chikondi buku anali ndi kupambana mofulumira, makamaka akazi. Anthu amene ankamudziwa Marie, potsiriza anazindikira kuti kugulitsa nokha ndalama, osauka zowawa umasinthasintha malingaliro odzipereka, amene sadalira ndalama.

Mlembi wa zaka 4 anafunsidwa kulemba sewero zochokera buku, amene kunapezeka yaitali kwambiri. The kanthu pa siteji nayamba pa 18 koloko usiku ndipo zinatha mochedwa yekha usiku, pa 3 koloko. Pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa mafani odzipereka linamizidwa wolemba bouquets wa maluwa, akazi anali akulira ndi kukumbatirana iye.

Choncho 1852, dzina lake Aleksandr Dyuma, Jr., anakhala wotchuka kwambiri mu France. Tsopano dzina lake amadziwika onse. Iye ndi ulemu waukulu kwambiri kwa akazi, ndipo analankhula kwa iwo amene samafuna kuyatsa ubwenzi kuti ngakhale sanali kumanga, ndipo amayesetsa kulenga weniweni waubwenzi ndi amphamvu banja.

Lady ndi ngale

Dumas analandira zosangalatsa zonse za akazi demimonde lapansi. Anthu mkulu madona ankakhala mosamalitsa wolemba. Dumas fils, wina moyo sangalowe mu lalikulu, chanzeru njanji mu zaka 25 anakumana ndi mnyamata wina Russian mayi wina wa ku St. Petersburg, womwe unachitikira Paris, free ku zosasangalatsa mkazi nthawi. Iwo unali wotchuka Lydia Nesselrode.

mayi wake wobvutika ake, ngati kamvuluvulu pini mutu pa mwana wake. Anatha kukondweretsedwa ndi zimbudzi mwanaalirenji ndalama zosawerengeka, ndipo iye ankafuna chithumwa wolemba mafashoni. Mwachibadwa, iye sakanakhoza kukana chidwi. Lydia anakonda ngale, ndi ankavala izo mu tsitsi la tsitsi lakuda pa khosi wosakhwima, ndi amangomvera pa wokondeka ndipo anali wokondedwa ndi dzina la "mayi ndi ngale lapansi." ubwenzi uwu wakhala mutu wa kukambirana ndi miseche.

Lydia yomweyo mu Russia. Dumas anam'funafuna. Koma anabwerera chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama, koma Lydia sanalole makalata osati ananenanso. Iye basi anaiwala za izo. Mu 1852, anaphunzira za izo kukongola wina Russian - Mfumukazi Hope Naryshkina, amene amayembekezeka moyo wake mu malo aakulu. Pakali pano, iye analemba buku limene kwakhululukidwa ndi Lydia zolakwika, ndi kuti "Dona ndi ngale."

Thawirani Paris

Hope anakwatiwa wamng'ono kwambiri kwa mkulu wakale. Kuyambira zaka 26, iye anathawira Paris ndi kusaiwala kubweretsa pamodzi ndi zodzikongoletsera, ndi mwana wamkazi, anafotokoza kuti nyengo Russian zoipa thanzi lake. Iye adatengedwa ndi wolemba anafunsa Prince kumupatsa chilekano, koma mwamuna wake anakana. Izi adamuthandiza mfumu. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi atatu a iwo ankakhala Villa, umene anagula Naryshkin.

Nthawi imeneyi, wolemba zambiri anakangana ndi bambo ake mlandu kuti bwino ophunzira iye. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iye analemba "The Chitsiru" wa sewerolo, "Atate Wosakaza", ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo anaona bambo yabwino wake bwenzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi bwino anamvetsa kalonga wanu ndi maso Aqua kwambiri anali osiyana zikhalidwe anakulitsa iwo. Iwo anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Maria Alexandrina 1860. Mu 1864, pamene Naryshkin akale anafa, iwo tinakwatirana, ndipo anali mwana wina Jeannine mu 1867. Pambuyo pake, khalidwe la Nadezhda Ivanovna anakhala n'zosatheka kukayikira ndipo yonyansa. Iye amaganiziridwa infidelities wokongola mwamuna ndi zoipa. Pomaliza, wolembayo kwenikweni wotopa ndipo analinso pa mbali, osati asiye mkazi wake. Ndipo mu 1870, izo sanakhale Dumas. Mwana anamuika m'manda panyumba mu Villers-Cotterets, zomwe mlembi wa mabuku chofunda ndi zigawenga wokondedwa.

Aimé Desclee

Iye anakulira bourgeois m'banja lolemera ndipo analandira maphunziro abwino. bambo ake, wazamalamulo, zinatha, ndipo mwana wamkazi anaganiza kuti akhoza kuwala pa siteji. Koma ntchito sanapite, ndiye anakhala mkazi anali, monga kukongola kwake sanali kutenga. Zoseketsa, amene tamutchula lonse wa Paris, iye anapita ku bwalo lamasewera n'kuyamba lonse la Europe. Iye anagonjetsa Italy, Brussels. Ndi Dumas Aime koyamba pa mpira zovala. Dumas adamuwona kusewera kunja, ndipo anakhulupirira kuti iye anali waluso ndiponso wokongola. Iye anaumirira kuti Paris, iye anatengedwera ku gululo. The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kunali kupambana. Pamaziko a zinthu wamba (komabe Dumas fils analemba zidutswa kwa bwalo lamasewera), iwo anali kukondana Komabe, nauyang'anire kwa okha. Pamene Aimee sanali zisudzo, iye ankakhala okha ku dziko. kampani ake anali poodle, ndi Chingolopiyo ndi mtumiki akale Caesarina. Ufulu mavuto ake koma iye sanafune kugwirizana oletsedwa.

Khalidwe anathandiza Wolemba wina wake. Iye anamupatsa udindo mu sewerolo "Ukwati Mlendo" analemba "mkazi Claudia" iye "Mfumukazi George". Mu mabuku ake, iye anayesa kuthetsa mavuto a khalidwe la mwamuna ndi mkazi. kapepala wake pa nkhani chifukwa phokoso lambiri. Tsopano zinalembedwa ndi sewero watsopano Desclee "Bambo Alphonse." Koma ankaganiza odwala, madokotala ake anapeza zizindikiro za khansa. Anamwalira mu 1874, izo m'manda lonse wa Paris.

sewerolo anali ankachitika, pazochitika Ammayi wina, ndi chinenero linatukuka ndi mawu atsopano "gigolo," amene anayamba kutanthauza munthu yemwe amakhala likuvutika akazi (munthu wodetsa, Pimp).

French Academy

Pa moyo wa Alexander Dumas mwana anakhala munthu wolemera ndi tingachipeze powerenga losadziwika. Unakhalabe mlandu yaing'ono. Iye anakopa ntchito kwa Academy. Mu 1875, 11 February, yake canonized monga "wosafa." Watsala woyenera udindo umenewu. Nawa ntchito zolembedwa ndi Alexander Dumas. Books "Tristan Ryzhy" (mbiri buku), "Regent Myustel" (buku), buku "Lady ndi ngale", "Delo Clemenceau," "Dr. Servan", "buku mkazi" anakhudza zofunika chikhalidwe ndi kufufuza miyoyo ya ngwazi. Pamodzi ndi Zhorzh Sand , analemba "The Marquis de A Villiers" ndipo anam'patsa ufulu wake. Komanso, iye anayesetsa ndi bwino ntchito monga Wolemba wina wamwamuna. M'njira imeneyi, luntha lake anali kwambiri ndi omvera, ndi atate wake. Iye anali publicist kwambiri, amene anamasulidwa zambiri timabuku apakhungu.

ukwati watha

Pa kuchepa kwa moyo wa Alexander Dumas fils analoŵa mu chikwati chachiwiri ndi Madame Henriette Escala, amene adasunga ubale kuyambira 1887. Iye anali wamng'ono kwambiri kuposa zaka zake makumi anayi. Anali okwatira atamwalira Naryshkina mu July 1895, ndi miyezi inayi kenako anamwalira.

Pomaliza

Iye anaikidwa mu manda a Montmartre ku Paris, zana meters kuchoka Marie DuPlessis, mkazi yekhayo yemwe amamukonda. Iye anakumbukira kuti moyo wake onse modetsa chisoni ukwati wake woyamba.