Dongosolo dzuwa kwa nthawi yoyamba anafotokoza wasayansi Nikolay Kopernik

Kachitidwe dzuwa - ndi wosakwatiwa kwambiri kuphunzira dongosolo m'chilengedwe chonse. Panopa pali za 8 mapulaneti 63 ndi makina ili dongosolo. Anatsegula asteroids ambiri ndi zimiyala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso comets, zomwe mu kanjira kake mitanda dongosolo lonse.

Asayansi loyamba dongosolo dzuwa? Izo analengedwa ndi ngati pali mosavuta pamaso pa moyo nyenyezi zina?

History of anapeza

N'zosadabwitsa kuti dongosolo dzuwa koyamba pofotokoza sayansi dzina lake Nikolay Kopernik m'zaka XVI. Pamaso pake, pa malo danga anali chifaniziro zochepa. Iye akhapidziwa kuti Lapansi ndi pakati pa chilengedwe chonse, ndi zinthu zonse zokhudza izo. Ngakhale chosowa zipangizo zamakono phunziro la m'mlengalenga, Copernicus anatha molondola kudziwa malo a Dziko Lapansi m'malere. Anayamba kaye chitsanzo cha dongosolo lathu dzuwa, kupereka heliocentric ake. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti anthu pa nthawiyo mapulaneti umakhudza Dzuwa ndi kuzungulira nguli.

Galileo asayansi

M'zaka za zana lotsatira mothandizidwa ndi wosazindikira zakutali dongosolo dzuwa anafotokozedwa koyamba wasayansi - Galileo Galilei. Choncho panali chitsimikizo chenicheni cha dongosolo heliocentric, anatchula Copernicus. Galileo anapeza miyezi inayi makina Jupiter. Ngakhale ayenera kukumbukira kuti atsogoleri achipembedzo a nthawi imeneyo anatsutsa kwambiri chitsanzo heliocentric a dongosolo la zowalitsa.

m'ma XVIII zinali zodzaza ndi kutulukira zinthu zatsopano mu zakuthambo. dongosolo dzuwa kwa nthawi yoyamba anafotokoza wasayansi amene anapeza dziko ndigwira osadziwika - Uranus. Zotsatirazi 2 makina a Saturn ndi Uranus, nthambi ziwiri zinatsegulidwa kwa iye.

Pachimake pa zokambiranazi a dongosolo la zowalitsa anali pakati pa XX atumwi. Ndiyeno dongosolo dzuwa anafotokozedwa koyamba wasayansi-wokayenda pamwezi, woyamba amene anaona ndi maso anga. spaceflight chilimbe heliocentrically Way wathu. Lero Launch siteshoni danga ndi makina, komanso flights kwa maplaneti ena kumvetsa Way wathu.

The System Dzuwa ndi maiko ake

Sun ndi maiko ake a Milky Way - kwambiri kuphunzira za chilengedwe kudziwika. Amakhala mapulaneti 8 kuti akalipo m'chizimezime mu mawonekedwe a nyenyezi yaing'ono, kuwala pafupi ndi nyenyezi athu - dzuwa. Iwo maina dziko milungu azimulambira anthu a Greece ndi Rome.

Komanso mu dongosolo la zowalitsa chimatilowetsa lamba asteroid, makina mapulaneti ndi comets ankawoloka dongosolo nyenyezi. Kodi chilengedwe ndi chiwerengero waukulu wa nyenyezi si yeniyeni mtima, koma kuphunzira za mapulaneti yapafupi kwambiri chingapezeke. mapulaneti onse a dongosolo athu m'magulu awiri: lapadziko ndi chimphona zachilengedwe. Taganizirani akubwera kwa ife.

Dziko Lapansi Gulu

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo otchedwa mapulaneti pafupi mpita wa dziko lapansi ndi zigwirizana pamalo zovuta. Kuwonjezera pa Dziko Lapansi, ali: Mercury, Venus ndi Mars. Inde, ambiri kuphunzira za mayiko awa onse ndi dziko wapadera. Ndi malo imathamangira ndi kukongola, chombo, akumuyang'ana iye kuchokera mlenga lenga, amatchedwa ngale buluu mu malo ozizira.

Pofufuza zikuchokera Lapansi mwa mitundu yonse ya zoimbira zivomerezi, asayansi anapeza kuti mkati dziko ndi red-hot pakati atazungulira m'malaya. Small wandiweyani pamwamba amatchedwa kutumphuka. Ndi maphunziro amenewa athandiza kudziwa kuti ena mapulaneti atatu lapadziko ndi dongosolo ofanana ndi ofanana kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake.

Mercury

Dziko pafupi Dzuwa - Mercury - ndi yochepa polingana Earth. Ndi nthawi 20 zosakwana kulemera kwa dziko lapansi ndipo ali miyeso ya nthawi 2.5 ang'onoang'ono kuposa Dziko Lapansi. liwiro kasinthasintha padziko nguli ndi 58,7 masiku Lapansi, ndi Mercury ukuzungulira Sun m'masiku 88 Earth. dziko ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nyenyezi, kutentha pa dzuwa mbali ndi madigiri woposa 400 Celsius, koma kumbali n'zosiyana wa amaundana onse pa madigiri -200.

Mu 2009 chokha, asayansi anathanso kupanga mapu oyamba a dziko, zochokera zithunzi akamagwira akuthamangira spacecraft ake. Mercury alibe mpweya wake yekha ndi ofanana kwambiri ilili kwa dziko lathu - mwezi. Chifukwa cha moyandikana ndi dzuwa ndi kanjira elliptical za kafukufuku ikuchitika zovuta.

Venus kukongola

Ndi mtunda wachiwiri kwa dzuwa dziko ndi mpweya wake. Mwina mungaganize kuti moyo kuli kotheka pa Venus, koma, mwatsoka, si. Zinkakhalira dzikoli ndi zolimba kwambiri ndi mwamakani. Nthawi zambiri tichipeza carbon dioxide, koma lili ndi poizoni monga asidi sulfuric.

Venus chimazungulira dzuwa mofulumira kuposa dziko lapansi, ndipo chochititsa chidwi, mu kutsidya lina la izo. Zolowa udzatha mu masiku 225 ndipo nguli - kwa masiku 243. Chifukwa cha osalimba a m'mlengalenga pa kutentha dziko kuposa madigiri 500 Celsius. Choncho analandira ndi yotentha dongosolo mapulaneti dzuwa.

Earth - buluu ngale

Lapansi - kwambiri kuphunzira kwa mapulaneti onse. Anakaphunzira kwa zaka zambiri, koma chokhacho XX atumwi anatha kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi mayankho a mafunso amene anaperekedwa kale. Kodi maonekedwe ake, lomwe chagona, ndi nkhani zina. The ndege yoyamba mu asayansi danga kuti anatsimikizira mfundo ndi anatsimikizira choonadi chosatsutsika: dziko lapansi n'lozungulira ndi kupachikidwa pa chirichonse mu mlengalenga. Lero, ife tiri mwangwiro kudziwa m'mlengalenga, ndi chifukwa cha zonse akhoza bwinobwino kumeneko.

Iwo anaonanso kuti dziko alipo lamba maginito, chimene chingathe kuteteza zamoyo zonse ku cheza zoipa dzuwa ndi mphepo dzuwa. zisokonezo izi zingaoneke monga magetsi kumpoto ndi kum'mwera.

Tiyeneranso anati za zazikulu Earth Kanema - Mwezi. Ndi wofanana ndi mathamangidwe wa onse padziko nguli ndi padziko Lapansi, chifukwa ichi Tingaone mbali imodzi ya izo. Izi ndi zimene zimalimbikitsa chakuti mwezi ndi chishango kwa dziko ndi kulandira chiwerengero chachikulu cha meteorites kugwa pa. Pamwamba pa Moon wakhala bwino kuphunzira, zimaphala ambiri kapena ndi matendawa, ali ndi dzina lake asayansi anatulukira iwo. Bola akanali yekha danga chinthu, kuti zimene munthu wina adzawayendere.

Mars

Lamulo lachinayi la mapulaneti lapansi. Dziko wofiira ndi zinadzala ndi zinsinsi zambiri. dziko m'mlengalenga zosavuta moti limapangidwa makamaka carbon dioxide, asafe, mpweya tsankho ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Mars zambiri othamanga mphepo yamkuntho, mmene mathamangidwe mphepo ukufika 100 m / s. Popeza dziko akhala wa madzi anatulukira, asayansi ankati mwina mukukhala mu zakale. Chaka pa Mars ndi masiku 687, ndiponso kutentha sasefukira pamwamba madigiri opanda 23 m'chilimwe. Pa kutentha ichi, moyo, m'lingaliro anthu a mawu, n'zosatheka Mars.

Pakali pano, kusaka akupitiriza kuti chitukuko zakuthambo. Asayansi koyamba madzi pa dziko kunja dongosolo dzuwa, koma tsopano izo zangokhala akungonena mawu Opeka. Pa dziko wotchedwa Osirisi, yomwe ili pa mtunda wa zaka 150 kuwala, angapo yokha anali akuti anapeza mu kusanthula kawalidwe. Nthawi zambiri zoyesayesa asayansi kupeza chitukuko zakuthambo sizinandithandize.

dongosolo dzuwa, ndi Kuwulura umene ndi pang'ono wapadera. Inkakhala mu malo abwino a Way wa Milky Way kuti kuli moyo mu izo. Ngakhale sangathe kudziwa m'njira imeneyi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asayansi anazindikira dongosolo dzuwa wapadera mtundu wake.