Deuterostome nyama gulu

Mbali deuterostome nyama kuti pa chitukuko embryonic pa malo M'mimbamo chachikulu aumbike mwa chotulukira, pakamwa ndi kenako limapezeka malo osiyana kwambiri. M'mawu ena tinganene kuti mwana wosabadwayo ali ndi pakamwa otsegula kumalekezero, ndi munthu wamkulu - mu malo zosiyana. Deuterostome nyama za ufumu wa chigawo boma, zomwe zikuphatikizapo echinoderms, chordates ndi hemichordates. Iwo ali otchedwa zamoyo bilaterally symmetrical moyo.

Features nyama bilaterally symmetrical

Mbali yaikulu ya nyama ndi lamanzere ndi lamanja mbali ya thupi - ichi ndi galasi bwino wina ndi mnzake. Kodi kumvetsa izi? Inu basi ayenera kugonjera ndege, amene, monga ukugawa thupi la nyama mu theka. Pankhaniyi, onse zigawo zimenezi zidzakhala zofanana. mungapeze mfundo nyama "bilaterally symmetrical" mu mabuku ena amanena.

Mbali imeneyi ndi chosiyana mtundu wa zomera zina ndi anthu, imene thupi lili symmetrically. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si matupi onse anayikidwa mu ndege yomweyo. Ndipo bilaterally symmetrical palibe ndege zina. Mbali imeneyi zinthu zabwino. Nyama zimenezi zosavuta kusamukira ku mizere molunjika ndi nayenso. Iwo ali makamaka deuterostome ndi nyama.

Mosiyana protostomes ku deuterostome

Oimira mitundu awa, ngakhale ofanana, koma kusiyana kuchita kulibe. Monga tanenera, ndi bilaterally symmetrical ndipo protostomes deuterostome nyama. maina awa anachokera momwe iwo rictus akufotokozera pa chitukuko embryonic. Pa kusintha protostomes blastospores (dzenje m'matumbo chachikulu) lomenyera M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Ndipo mu malo awa deuterostome anapanga chotulukira. M'mene mkamwa kutsegula aumbike mwa njira yatsopano mu kumaso wa mwana wosabadwayo ndi. Palinso nthawi zina pali kutsekedwa wathunthu wa blastopore, ndipo mkamwa ndi chotulukira akuwonekanso.

Ndipo chimodzi kusiyana zofunika kwambiri lagona pa chitukuko koyamba kwa ubongo. Mu protostomes osauka ubongo wa nyama wamkulu. Mu deuterostome ndi mlingo lawo Ndikulichepetsa ndi latsopano anapanga kachiwiri kwina. nyama Deuterostome ali amatchedwanso vtorichnomozgovymi.

nyama gulu deuterostome

Tafotokoza amene nyama deuterostome, zitsanzo ndi mbali ya chitukuko. Tsopano ndi nthawi kupeza amene ali subkingdoms izi. Zikuphatikizapo mitundu zotsatirazi:

- chordates;
- chaetognaths;
- echinoderms.

Tsopano tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zimene nyama ndi nyama deuterostome. Ndi mtundu wa poyambira ndi Amphioxus, lampreys, nsomba, achule, zokwawa, mbalame ndi nyama. Ndi chaetognaths monga nyama za m'madzi, woimira wotchuka ndi nyanja muvi. A mtundu zachilendo kwambiri echinoderms monga starfish, urchins nyanja, nkhaka nyanja, maluwa nyanja. zinyama zonse izi ofanana ndi kuti iwo - deuterostome nyama. Kuwonjezera mbali kupanga pakamwa, zolengedwa zimasiyananso chitukuko cha machitidwe ena limba.

Features ya chitukuko ya chordates Ndisanaumbidwe

Chordates - izo deuterostome nyama zosiyana m'maonekedwe, m'chifanizo ndiponso kukhala malo abwino. Oimira mtundu angapezeke kulikonse. Iwo amakhala pa mtunda ndi madzi ndi nthaka ndi mlengalenga. Kufalitsa padziko lonse. chiwerengero cha m'ma zikwi makumi anai.

Chili iwo pamaso pa mafupa ofananira onse, kumene sitepe Ndisanaumbidwe chitukuko ankayimiridwa ngati notochord (poyambira). Akuluakulu osati mu mawonekedwe adasandulika, imangokhala yokha mu m'munsi oimira mtundu. Aliyense, izo zimapita kwa mapangidwe msana, amene ali ndi chingwe mosalekeza amakhala segmented.

The njira ya kupsinja dzira ndi amadziwika awiriwa Subkingdom: mwauzimu mu protostomes ndi zozungulira mu deuterostome.

Mantha dongosolo ndi chubu dzenje, mbali kutsogolo chomwe pambuyo amakhala ubongo. ventricles ake anapanga kuchokera M'mimbamo mkati.

M'dera zapambuyo la chubu m'mimba ndi awiri mndandanda wa mabowo kudzera omwe pali kulankhulana ndi chilengedwe kunja. Izi otchedwa choipidwa mphanga. M'munsi chordates oimira mu malo awa ndi makutu. onse ali yekha embryonic zoyamba, amene ndiye si ntchito.

Magwero ena amatchula otchedwa deuterostome hemichordates. Izi nyongolotsi-ngati benthic nyama. Yodziwika ndi notochord (hordopodobny thupi) ndi awiri slits gill. Mu chitukuko embryonic amatikumbutsa chordates, koma dongosolo la thupi ndi chosiyana. thupi ukufanizidwa ndi madipatimenti atatu: Zikuluzikulu, kolala ndi thunthu.

chaetognaths nyama

nyama zimenezi m'madzi zolusa, ali ndi luso kuyenda mofulumira. Kunja, amaoneka ngati muvi amene anatchulidwa pa kumaso, ndi mchira kumbuyo. Awa ndi bristles bwino, amene analanda zakudya za nyama. Thupi amapanga mutu, torso ndi mchira. Pali mapasa mbali ndi chimodzi zipsepse mchira.

Wa nyama deuterostome tichipeza mu embryonic chitukuko wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa, kuti dzira radially wosweka. M'mbali zina zonse pali kusiyana. Nyama zimenezi mulibe magazi m'mapapo ndi machitidwe excretory. Palinso palibe ducts ubereki. Mantha dongosolo ndi mphete peripharyngeal.

Features echinoderms nyama

Mbali khalidwe la anthu a mtundu uwu ndi pamaso pa dongosolo tentacle. Izi madzimadzi odzazidwa mphako, chimene chimachititsa nyama, amapuma ndi amapanga chikunena njira secretory.

The intestine ndi yaitali chubu kapena thumba. Mitsempha ya magazi imakhala ziwiya zozungulira ndipo zozungulira. The mankhwala kuwola kuoneka kudzera pores yaing'ono mpanda wa thupi. Bwino anayamba ziwalo ndife wamanjenje dongosolo. Koma bwino anayamba luso regenerative. Mwadzidzidzi, nyama akhoza kutaya ziwalo za thupi zimene anachira patatha milungu iwiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi Mbali starfish ngakhale kubereka kugawa awiri. Patapita kanthawi, theka lachiwiri kwathunthu limzake.

zotsatira

Kuchokera pamwamba ife tingakhoze kuwona chimene zinyama deuterostome, za peculiarities wa chitukuko, nthumwi za subkingdoms lapansi. N'zoonekeratu kuti anthu a mitundu osangalatsa kwambiri. Komabe kupitiriza maphunziro awo.