Chuvash National zovala: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

anthu zovala tikukhala mu Russia, sanali kokha zosiyanasiyana Mabaibulo a mitundu, koma kupatula cholinga chake chachikulu - mwangwiro yothandiza (chitetezo ndi kuzizira, kutentha, mvula, ndi zina zotero) - izo zinkayenera miyambo ndi ntchito chophiphiritsa yake. Kuti ndi suti Chuvash, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino. Iwo akhoza tikambirana makhalidwe atatu makhalidwe zofunika mafuko: viriya - kavalo (ku malire chapamwamba wa Volga), Anatra - grassroots, Anat enchi - srednenizovye Chuvash. zovala zawo zosiyanasiyana angachite amakonda mtundu, zokongoletsera yokongola khalidwe.

zipangizo

zovala Chuvash anapangidwa osati kuchokera nsalu anagula, koma nthawi zambiri iwo anali zipangizo chikopa, anamva, homespun nsalu nsalu kapena nsalu. Nsapato kupanga nkhuni ndi bast. The nsalu zokha ayi anali nsalu deverenskie akazi onse, aang'ono ndi aakulu, osati Chuvash. Kuti tichite zimenezi, fulakesi ndi hemp wakula ndithu nthawi njira zotha zakonzeka, ndiye tinapita ku ulimi wa nsalu.

Chuvash suti anapanga maholide, ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi zovala tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale chinsalu anali osiyana: ang'ono - kwa zovala chikondwerero zambiri akhakula - chifukwa Buluku ntchito ndi shati. Nkhosa ubweya, anawomba nsalu yopyapyala, anaikira zikondwerero ukwati ndi zovala, ndi yarns thicker nsalu mu chapans wamba dreadnought ndi caftans.

M'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi wasiya kwambiri mankhwala, umene panthawi imeneyo ankaimira Chuvash suti, ambiri a iwo tsopano m'zimene zakale, kusangalala ndi timasilira saatha lero luso. zovala izi ndi wokongola, ngakhale humdrum krasheniny (amene ali nsalu utoto mtundu wina). pestryad A amapanga zodabwitsa ake mmene kulenga anthu kufunafuna kukongola. Pestryad anapanga kale wonyika ulusi, dongosolo ndi nsalu ni osiyana kwambili, n'kupanga osati ndi maselo. Iwo Chuvash suti ndi zokongola m'munsi Volga, ndi kavalo ndi srednenizovye Chuvash adalipo woyera lona, koma ndi nsalu zambiri. Kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi nsalu walukidwa kuchokera ulusi kugula. nsalu fakitale anali okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma iwonso tidagulidwa ndi ochepa - pa mapeto.

mitundu ya zovala

Chuvash dziko zovala mchikakamizo cha nthawi ndi osiyanasiyana zinthu zili ndithu mutated. Pa chikoka ndi chilengedwe Hrs, ndi makalasi mwambo wa anthu, kumvetsa dziko mu Nthawi yosiyanasiyana ya mbiri. Kumene, magawano pakati zovala chapamwamba ndipo undershirt olimba, monga malinga ndi magwiridwe ya nkhani ya zovala. Komabe, palibe n'zosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, malaya akazi, ngakhale mwinamwake kroilas aliyense magulu atatu mitundu - Anatra, anatenchi ndi Turi. Ndipo m'ndandanda wa zinthu zovala, nayenso, mu nkhani iliyonse anali yake. Izi makamaka noticeable kwa zokongoletsera nsalu zikuchokera madyerero amapanga. Ndipo iwo anali m'njira zosiyanasiyana pang'ono. Komanso, Chuvash dziko zovala osati losiyana ndi jenda, komanso zaka. Ndipo, ndithudi, pa nyengo.

The madiresi wamkulu, sipangakhalenso woyamikiridwa zakale, mulibe zaka kwambiri - iwo anali m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri mochedwa. Mwatsoka, kale Chuvash wowerengeka zovala kuphunzira ndi sichikupezeka. Kodi timaona zovala pang'ono trohsotletney zapitazo? Pafupifupi malaya onse tadulidwa mu chakale - malaya. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso kwambiri ndalama, pamene ukonde ndi otsekeredwa mapewa kuti mmbuyo ndi patsogolo pa mkanjo wake kuti kwa nsalu imodzi. Kenako, chooneka ngati izi: wedges mbali, kudula chipata, manja ndi gusset (mphero ili sewn pansi pa dzanja mu armholes kwa womasuka kwambiri). Ndithu kagawo zovuta, ndi njira, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo. Mu embodiments wa Chuvash wowerengeka zovala alibe zambiri zosiyana: mafupa kudula kapena-chidutswa, kupanga kolala ndi (Tingaone ataima, ndi kutembenuka-pansi, ndi anasiya kolala), ndi yoipa - detachable mbali ya kutsogolo.

amuna

Mu masiku akale anthu malaya Chuvash ku malire chapamwamba wa Volga unali wautali kwambiri, molunjika mpaka m'mawondo. Iwo analaswa mkanjo ndi chifuwa ang'ambe thupilo anali mbali - lamanja kapena lamanzere. Izi kolala malaya anali.

Male Chuvash zovala dziko lililonse ochepa, koma zinthu zofunika kwambiri chosiyana. Thoracic ang'ambe thupilo zinamera malaya ndi zingwe, nsalu ndi kuzitambasula mozungulira, ndipo iye anali wabwino kwambiri, m'pamenenso chikondwerero. Monga anali chokongoletsedwa malekezero a manja ndi Betelehemu. Tsiku ndi tsiku zovala nthaŵi zambiri sanali ngakhale chokongoletsedwa.

Zigwirizane anthu Chuvash ankaufulula osati ntchito oyenera ndiponso tchuthi. Mwachitsanzo, malaya woyera anali miyambo ndi lamulo kwa onse, monga anafuna kuti zinthu zachikunja mpatuko. Panali kusiyana kokha ngati chinsalu ndi: olemera - ndi wowonda, osauka - pogrubee.

Shirt ankavala pansi lamba wanu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona mmene odulidwa mutated malingana ndi chitukuko cha patsogolo luso. Mwamsanga pamene suti anagula lonse minofu Chuvash anthu ali wozungulira armhole, anataya crotch anakhala kuvomerezedwa kolala. Kuli madzulo m'chilimwe Chuvash chokongoletsedwa ndi chinsalu mu kuwala moyera-malaya ndi pustave wa nsalu yabuluu kapena wakuda. Fungo la inaperekedwa kuchokera kumanja mpaka kumanzere, nthawi zambiri anakumana ndi misonkhano ya zokuzira kumbuyo.

Holide shubory molemera chokongoletsedwa pa chifuwa, kolala, m'mphepete mwa aliyense pansi ndipo kumbuyo - makona. Kuwonjezera nsalu ndi njira zina ntchito - silika applique, mwachitsanzo. Nthawi zina pryamospinnymi shubory analaswa, iwo anali ndithudi woyera, iwo anayenera kukhala wokongola kwambiri belting nsalu lamba. Izi zinali mu masiku akale ansembe nsembe. Ndiyeno iwo anayamba kuvala anthu wamba ndi okalamba. Kunali Chuvash suti, chithunzi Tingaone pansipa.

Mu ozizira

Chuvash yophukira amuna ankavala yaitali, bondo, malaya nsalu wandiweyani kuti anali wamkulu kutembenuka pansi kolala ndi analima pansi pa lamba wa pamimba mbewu. M'nyengo yozizira, pali chachikulu nkhosa malaya - chikasu kapena wakuda. Iwo anali yaitali kwambiri, m'chiuno misonkhano ambiri kapena m'makwinya ndi ubweya chepetsa pa kolala ndipo anapita manja. Mwa njira, m'pamenenso anali msonkhano ndi makutu, malaya ankaona kwambiri. Ndipo zabwino koposa za nakonza ndi mphonje pa manja, ndi matumba, kolala ndi m'mbali mwa pansi - zambiri wakuda. Pa felemu lija anali lambskin, goatskin nsalu zabwino kapena mtengo. Msewu pamwamba odula kapena malaya vuto la choipa nyengo anamuyika chopon, mvula kapena epanche kwa nsalu wandiweyani kwambiri, zomwe analaswa pryamospinnymi ndi kutalika kwa bondo, ndi kolala ndi fungo lalikulu ndi tatikulu. Iwo ankavala raincoats kapena ukadalipo kapena pansi lamba.

suti akazi anayang'ana pang'ono zosiyana ngakhale mtundu inali yofanana. Zosintha chabe odulidwa anali wamkulu ndi zokongoletsa chikhalidwe ankasiyana kwambiri. Akazi ku Volga chammwamba mwangwiro shubory woyera ndi wakuda malaya, ngati bathrobe a. A chuvashki grassroots ankavala caftans nsalu, shubory idaluma mbedza wina pa m'chiuno. White azigometsa ndi n'kupanga akuda nsalu pa apansi ndipo pa kolala, matumba. Ndipo zambiri nsalu iwo anali ngakhale zovala yozizira. Manja, ndi matumba omwe nsalu basi, anatsindika m'chiuno ndi embroideries.

Chuvash akazi zovala, limene anafuna kuti ukwati ndi maholide, makamaka molemera chokongoletsedwa - apa siliva kapena golide kuluka analowa malonda. Shubor pa manja pamwamba ndi zonse - zopangidwa wofiira bafuta, ndi pansi lonse - kuchokera wakuda. Malaya kwa atsikana anapita makamaka zofewa ndi chabwino nsalu - zobiriwira kapena lakuda, ndi nsalu akuda mikwingwirima kapena nsalu pa chifuwa. Ntchito zovala anali wamfupi ndipo nthawi zambiri woderapo. Grassroots chuvashki pa maholide ankakonda buluu ndi wakuda, ndi kavalo - woyera ndi wachikasu. Zima malaya akazi ankakonda kusoka kuchokera wakuda nkhosa, ndi ochuluka (zidutswa mpaka nainte!) Akusonkhanitsa pa m'chiuno.

zokongoletsera

Nsalu Chuvash amasiyana ndi madera: grassroots anakonda polychrome, wandiweyani, ndi kavalo zodzikongoletsera nsalu. Zoyambazo chogwidwa mu ukufanana ndi nsalu medallions, rhombic mawonekedwe padziko malaya chifuwa odulidwa, ndi yamasika wokometsedwera diresi yake ndi zomangira zochotseka m'mapewa za maliboni olemera ndi finely nsalu. Rosette, rhombus, bwalo - mu mayiko ambiri dongosolo izi kusonyeza dzuwa. Chuvashki komanso nthawi ntchito.

Hoses, dorsal gawo ndi chovala chokongoletsedwa burgundy mikwingwirima wa kuluka, amene anaikidwa mkati nsalu ya. Pa Betelehemu ndi kaŵirikaŵiri sewn zingwe ndi pang'ono apamwamba mu minofu iwo ikutchedwa chitsanzo nsalu. zokongoletsera zojambula anasankhidwa, zimene zinali zotheka kusunga lingaliro wakale wa chithunzi cha dziko. Chuvash akazi zovala dziko ladzala ndi zizindikiro. World mtengo, nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu wosongoka, ndi zinthu zina zambiri pa embroideries wakale akhoza kukuuzani zambiri za ubale, sankakhala ndi zokonda za anthu akale. Show ankawoneka ngati Chuvash suti chithunzi. Mwamuna ndi mkazi, ndithudi, ife asemphana.

Female chikondwerero kwambiri maonekedwe pamodzi. Breeches zovala ornamented ndi zambiri wodzichepetsa: diamondi awiri kapena mumbali Mzere pansi pa malaya, kani, anali chithumwa kuposa yokongola ndi, ngakhale kuti zovuta adzatenge suti ake Chuvash mchitidwe waukulu. Ena chovala anali pansi ndi chitsanzo mtundu, ndi zokongoletsera nyimbo. Dress ankavala pa shati ndi thewera ndithudi - kwambiri chokongoletsedwa ndi zingwe, mikwingwirima ndi nsalu.

Akazi pa holide dressy - ngati zidole Chuvash zovala. Aliyense chovala ndi lowonjezera uzornotkanym kapena lamba nsalu. Mwa njira, asanayambe womangidwa pa nthawi yomweyo katatu, chimodzi pa nkhani ya kavalidwe, ndiyeno pa madiresi pamiyendo, ndi wotsiriza - pa thewera lapansi. Ndipo womangidwa ku mbali yake, akuponya yaitali itha pansi kumene zinatha pompoms akuda. Koma mu magulu Anatra ndi Anat akazi enchi nthawizonse lamba chimodzi chokha. Umo ndi momwe iwo anayang'ana Chuvash zovala dziko, chithunzi Tingaone nkhaniyi.

nsapato

Mtundu zofunika za nsapato atatu, kapena anayi nyengo anali amuna ndi akazi wamba nsapato. Mtundu uliwonse nayo njira yakeyake yokhotakhota izi Eco-wochezeka, yabwino ndi zosavuta obuvki. amuna Chuvash anatambasulira bast lychek zisanu ndi ziwiri, komwe mutu anali ochepa, ndi bolodi ndi otsika kwambiri. Koma akazi yokhotakhota zokongola ndi mosamala. N'kupanga makungwa zinalengedwa wowonda, kuchepera, choncho amafuna ambiri lychek - panali zisanu ndi zinayi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri. Kuwonjezera atakwera chuvashki pafupi mutu zinkapita chidutswa woonda chingwe, kotero izo zinali zotheka mosavuta kusiyanitsa iwo kwa mwamuna.

Palinso Museum mu nsapato akazi ndi whimsical kwambiri kuluka. Kuvala nsapato zimenezi ndi wakuda, leggings wandiweyani chilonda pa chimene bala ziwiri mita Obory, ndi masitonkeni mapeyala. Amafuna kwambiri luso ndi Manga leggings ndi opletanie Oboro awo, nthawi anatenga ndithu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ndi nsapato bast anavala leggings nsalu, amavalira mofulumira. Ndipo pamene yozizira akubwera, kunali kosatheka kuchita popanda nsapato. Ngakhale Kale, si onse a Chuvash akanatha iwo. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi inakhalapo mwambo wa kupereka ukwati wa mwana wa nsapato zikopa, ndi mwana wake wamkazi - nsapato chomwecho. Chuvashki ku Volga chapamwamba anakonda Kodanev nsapato kuti ndi waufupi ndi kwambiri nsonga molimba anasonkhana accordion. Koma nsapato izi ankavala chosowa kwambiri ndi osangalatsa kwambiri.

mipango

Mu masiku akale onse Chuvashia zipewa akazi m'magulu awiri - zipewa mabulangete. Dama surpan (Headband ndi lamba wa pamimba), mpango ndi lamba wa pamimba ndi nduwira. Zinthu zonsezi - kwa akazi okwatiwa, kuphatikizapo chophimba Mkwatibwi. Chokongoletsedwa surpany gulu lililonse ndi makhalidwe yake. Grassroots chuvashki ankavala yaitali kwambiri surpan - mamita awiri ndi theka, omwe kwathunthu chimakwirira mutu. Mid izo za nsalu zoyera, ndi kutsekedwa molemera nsalu kapena chokongoletsedwa uzornotkanymi n'kupanga, mangongo, matepi, zingwe kapena bunting. Surpanah dongosolo pamaziko a zojambula zawo - mu mawonekedwe a mabwalo, diamondi, mitanda. Unali wolunjika pa grassroots ndi surpan chuvashek headband wapadera.

Mu chuvashek anatenchi surpan anali wamfupi, zokongoletsa kuchepera kwambiri - ndi kumachovye yomweyo nsalu mikwingwirima, woyera zingwe ndi nsalu. Koma ine ndinali kuvala headpiece ndi ayi, ntchito nsalu Masmak. Kavalo chuvashki surpany anachita pafupifupi yochepa - mpaka mamita chimodzi ndi theka, ndi bafuta iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi iwiri amaganiza nsalu, zochita zojambula kuti anayikidwa mu tiers. Malekezero a surpana ali mphonje ndi mikanda osiyanasiyana. Zomanga timipango magulu osiyana kwambiri. Yotakata zosiyanasiyana lalikulu anatenchi ndi Anatra, ndi zolimba ndi dongosolo labwino yopeta mu virya. Zokongoletsa pa Masmak chikuphatikizaponso stylized masamba zithunzi za mitengo, maluwa, zithunzi za mbalame, akavalo, zimbalangondo, nthawi zina mukhoza kuona chithunzi chonse cha chilengedwe cha dziko mwa maso a anthu akale. Ndi wapadera zodzikongoletsera Chuvash suti. Chekeni zosiyanasiyana zambiri osati mobwerezabwereza ngakhale zovala ziwiri mofanana kagawo.

Zokongoletsa ngati chithumwa

Mu zovala akazi ndipo anapezeka ntchafu ndi m'chiuno zokongoletsera, silika zophikapika ndi ulusi mapeyala, mikanda, mikwingwirima, mphonje. Last mwapadera zawachitikira madiresi aliyense chidutswa, chifukwa zoyenda chamoyo zovala lonse. Chuvashki zovala dziko sadzakhala kwathunthu popanda chisoti cha mikanda, ndalama ndi zazing'ono zipolopolo cowrie. zokongoletsera Awa ndi zooneka ndi chowonjezera mkazi ndi msinkhu wake ndi chuma chawo chonse mfundo zake kukongola kwa makolo kusanduka patapita zaka zambiri. Pali kuoneka bwino kuda zidzakhalira dziko. Ntchito yaikulu ya miyala yamtengo wapatali kwa nthawi zaposachedwapa ndi oberezhnoe awo, zamatsenga cholinga - kuteteza mwini ku mizimu yoipa ndi mavuto ambiri.

Achikhalire yonse zodzikongoletsera chuvashki kukakamiza maholide ukwati. ukwati kavalidwe Mwachitsanzo, akulemera pafupi pamodzi ndi zokongoletsa mapaundi (makilogalamu sikisitini). mikanda zida kusoka mu Chuvashia wakale anali chabe zokongolazi: wonse anayang'ana dongosolo pa chipewa Atsikana (tuhya) komwe organically ophatikizana anali pafupifupi atakwatirana: mikanda, ndalama zasiliva, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndi miyala. No zochepa chidwi ndi mipango kwa akazi (hushpu). Kodi wina anali wolemera mu zovala za akazi? Inde, zonse: zovala pachifuwa, pakhosi, yayitali nsalu lamba wa pamimba, kuyimitsidwa pa izo, zibangili, mphete, pakhosi zosonyeza, lamba nahvostniki, chinthucho pa lamba wake kumeneko chagona galasi chimango zitsulo ... N'zovuta kubala. Koma wokongola!

ukwati madiresi

mkwati anali atavala kwa ukwati mu malaya zokongola nsalu, umene anamukonzera mkwatibwi, buluu nsalu odula ndi lamba wa pamimba, kuseri kwake kunali chikwapu, nsapato, nkhosa chipewa, ndi magolovesi wakuda. Atakwera pa chovala Chuvash anavala chobvala wapadera - ukonde wa mikanda, chokongoletsedwa ndi zipolopolo m'mbali, ndi kolala odula ndi m'mbali kutsogolo anali yokutidwa ndi nsalu wofiira. Ndi mkwati ndi anzake anadalitsidwa ndi mkwatibwi nsalu mathawulo, zomwe mwina womangidwa m'chiuno, kapena kuwinduka pa phewa lake.

Mkwatibwi, monga zanenedwa, anasenza pud. Molemerera nsalu shati, utoto shubor, Pusztai nsalu, nsapato chikopa kapena nsapato ndi atali, ndi zina - zokongoletsera. Ndi diresi yake la mwambo wa ukwati anasintha mtsikana wamkazi, koma zisakhale mosavuta. wokongola kwambiri pa ukwati anali adakali anthu atatu: Tamada (mtsogoleri), bwenzi okalamba ndi matchmaker.

Groomsman ukwati chobvala anali chidwi. The moyera-chinsalu odulidwa mfundo za kugwedezeka odula, yaitali, molunjika, popanda fasteners. White anali wopatulika ali tcheru kwambiri. Koma mtsogoleri wa caftan ukwati wakhala chokongoletsedwa ndi Max ndi embroideries ndi mikwingwirima nsalu Zaveleveti ndi matepi. Matchmaker pa caftan wake molemera nsalu atakulungidwa mu yaikulu m'nyumba shawl - silika ndi dongosolo kapena embroideries monga nsalu. Ndi chizindikiro omveka bwino kwa aliyense - malo yache pa Khirisimasi. Bright zokongoletsa ukwati zinthu - mabulangete, shawls, kumbuyo kukulunga kuvala mkwatibwi, wa dansi mpango wapadera anaphimba mowa chiryasa - zonse kuwonjezera mwambo zokongola ndi chikondwerero.

ntchito chizindikiro

Zovala osati chitetezo Chuvash ku zochitika nyengo. Iye akhoza kukuuzani zambiri za munthu ndi chochitika limene kumatanthauza. Iwo anali looneka ndi banja, ndi zaka, ndi chikhalidwe katundu, ndipo ngakhale cholinga mwambo izi chovala - ukwati kapena ali wokonzeka miyambo ya chipembedzo. Makamaka ophiphiritsa tanthauzo akuwonetseredwa mu zokongoletsa ndi mipango. Surpan, hushpu kapena Masmak ndikanatha kuvala yekha wokwatiwa zhenschny. Mkwatibwi ankavala mwambo wapadera surpan chake choyamba. Koma atsikana ankavala tuhyu zimene akazi okha kupuma ndi nostalgic zina. wamng'ono Only amayi ndi atsikana ndikanatha kuvala zodzikongoletsera khosi ndi pakhosi zosonyeza khutu ndi zokongoletsa ndi maliboni. General chokongoletsera kwa amayi ndi atsikana anali, koma izi milandu lakutali.

Chuvash wowerengeka miyambo ya kavalidwe - weniweni zakuya chikhalidwe chauzimu komanso nsalu zaka lakutali. Zaka chikwi mwambo anaikira timakhala zosakhalitsa anthu, mafuko, chikhalidwe m'madera osiyanasiyana Europe ndi Asia, ndi wowerengeka zovala amathandiza kuti azindikire ndipo amaona kugwirizana awa akutenga ndalama za ngongole ndi makhalidwe. Zikuonekeratu kuti lonse suti Chuvash kugwirizana kwambiri ndi ulimi osati njira woyendayendawu wa moyo. Ndi chipilala chikhalidwe, amene analengedwa mu mavuto osiyanasiyana mbiri, kulenga ndi kupanga onse zithunzi cosmogonic ndi maganizo mwangwiro zokongoletsa mogwirizana ndi zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma, zachilengedwe chikhalidwe chimene chinayambira ku dera.

Kapangidwe wakale wa suti Chuvash lili lonse worldview cosmogonic, iwo anasonyeza chitsanzo cha dziko ndi zounikira zonse, ndi ena m'dera mufumu otherworldly. Koma cikhalidwe kusanduka, anasintha maganizo a dziko, malingaliro kukodzedwa, ndipo izo zinali chifukwa chakumene timakumbukira zinthu zonse za zovala ndi kale zosatheka. Tsopano zovala zonse zitatu Chuvash ntchito kanthu, zojambulajambula, siteji ndi chionetsero ntchito national akatswiri.