Chotsimikizira ndi ... Mitundu yotsimikizika. Chigwirizano chotsimikizika

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha malonda a katundu chimapereka chitsimikizo cha ntchito zothandizira. Izi zikhoza kukhala chikole, chitsimikizo, chilango ndi mtundu wina wa chitetezo chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi lamulo. Njira izi zimasiyana mozama, njira zothetsera cholinga.

Tanthauzo

Chotsimikiziridwa ndi imodzi mwa njira zowonetsetsera zofunikira za wobwereketsa ndi guarantor. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mwayi wosakhutira ndi zofuna za ngongole. Chitsimikizo ndi zowonjezera zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mgwirizano umene munthu wachitatu amapeza udindo woyankha kwa wobwereketsa kuti akwaniritse udindo wa wobwereka (Ndime 361 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation). Chiyesochi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mwakhululukidwa ndi wobwereketsa za mawu a msonkho. Kukula kwa udindo kumayendetsedwa ndi chikalata chimodzimodzi. Asanayambe kusinthidwa kwa Civil Code, mgwirizano unatsimikiziridwa kuti chigamulocho chinaperekedwa pa maudindo amtsogolo. Funso limeneli linayambitsa mikangano yambiri. Tsopano njira yotereyi ndi yotheka kokha ngati mgwirizanowo ukufotokozera momveka bwino ndalama zomwe guarantor adzakwaniritsire.

Mabungwe a Mabanki a guarantors

Mfundo zofunika zimakhala zosavuta:

• Zaka: zaka zosachepera 21-23, panthawi yomwe mgwirizano watha, munthuyo sayenera kufika zaka 55 mpaka 60;
• Kulembetsa kwamuyaya kumalo olembetsera ngongole;
• Malipiro olimba kwa miyezi 6 yapitayi;
• Solvency (yowerengedwa pa maziko a malipiro oyenera, kulingalira kukula kwa ndalama zoperekedwa mwezi uliwonse ku banki) - sayenera kupitirira 30% ya ndalama za guarantor.

Kaŵirikaŵiri pa udindo wa guarantors ndi achibale ndi odziwa. Koma mabanki ena, poopera zachinyengo, samapereka mwayi wotere kuchokera ku ngongole. Ngati ndi funso lopereka zitsimikizo za udindo wa bungwe lalamulo, ndiye mabungwe ena angathe kuchita monga guarantors. Koma mabungwe a boma ndi mabungwe a boma sangathe kunena udindo uwu.

Chigwirizano chotsimikizika

Zofunikira zomwe zili mu Civil Code sizilola mgwirizano wa mgwirizano pakati pa wobwereketsa ndi guarantor. Maphwando ndi omwe ali ngongole ndi guarantor. Mgwirizano ndi umodzi, wogwirizanitsa. Icho chimapanga kudzipereka kwina kwowonjezera. Guarantor ikhoza kutsutsidwa ngati wogulitsa ngongole sakulephera kukwaniritsa malingaliro ake. Cholinga cha zofunikira ndi chokhazikika ndi kutsimikizika kwa mtsogoleri wamkulu, ngakhale chikalatacho chiribe tsiku lenileni. Kugonjera kwake sikungathe kulembetsa mgwirizano wothandizira (Nkhani 384 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation).

Zokhudzana ndi mgwirizano:

• Dzina la wobwereketsa;
• Dzina la guarantor;
• Kuchuluka kwa udindo;
• Dzina la wobwereka.

Zida

Ngakhale kuti Civil Code sinafotokoze chiwerengero cha anthu omwe angakhale ngati guarantor, kafukufuku wa khoti akuwonetsa kuti nthawi zina mgwirizano ukhoza kuvomerezedwa ngati wosayenera. Izi ndizolondola ngati a guarantors ali:

• Mabungwe ogwira ntchito za boma omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama pazinthu zofotokozedwa ndi lamulo;
• Maofesi, mautumiki, akuluakulu a boma.

Kalata yotsimikiziridwa ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mophweka ndipo iyenera kulembedwa ndi wobwereka, ngongole ndi guarantor.

Udindo wa maphwando

Ntchito ya guarantor, pakuyang'ana koyamba, ndi yosavuta. Ayenera kukhala ndi udindo wobwezera ngongole ngati wobwezera akulephera kukwaniritsa udindo wake. Ufulu wa banki kuti ufunire ndalama kuchokera ku guarantor umatchulidwa mujambula. 363 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation.

Kuphatikizana kumatanthauza kuti guarantor ndi wobwerekanso ali ndi udindo woyenera. Izi ndizakuti, malingaliro sangathe kukhutidwa ndi mmodzi wa maphwando. Udindo wothandizira umatanthauza kuti zonena za guarantor zimangokhalapo popanda ndalama kuchokera kwa wobwereketsa. Njira iyi ndi yolandiridwa kwambiri kwa ogulitsa. Wogulitsa ngongole ayenera kuyamba kumayesa nthawi kuti ayesere kusonyeza kuti wobwerekayo ndi wosayenera. Ndipo ngati ayamba kubisala, ndiye kuti sizingatheke. Kotero, banki silinganene chilichonse kwa guarantor. Choncho, chigamulochi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Chidziwitsochi chikuyenera kuwonetsa kuti malipiro amalipiridwe ndi guarantor:

• Ngongole yaikulu;
• Chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito ndalama;
• Zovuta;
• Zamalamulo.

Ngati chitsimikizo, mgwirizano wa mgwirizano womwe ungatengedwe kuchokera kwa wogwira ntchito ku banki panthawi yopanga chisankho, umatsimikiziridwa ndi bungwe la ngongole ya ndalama, mwinamwake zikhoza kunena kuti kutaya ndi chilango chodziwika chiyenera kubwezeredwa popanda mtengo wa guarantor. Nthaŵi zina, ndondomeko ya malipiro ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiko kuti, kulipira ngongole yaikulu.

Mfundo inanso yofunika kumvetsera: chifukwa chophwanya malingaliro a ngongole, mbiri yakale ya ngongole imapangidwira kwa kasitomala. Koma pa nkhani yachitsulo, guarantor amalowa mndandanda wakuda pamodzi ndi wobwereka. Kalata yalowa mu mgwirizano, malinga ndi zomwe deta zake zimasamutsidwa ku ofesi ya mbiri ya ngongole. Chifukwa chake, ngati wobwereka akuphwanya malamulo a msonkhanowo, adzalanda mbiri yake osati yekha, komanso guarantor yake. Koma sizo zonse. Guarantor sangathe kupereka ngakhale ngongole yaing'ono kubanki, pamene akugwira ntchito monga chigamulo.

Zotsutsa

Chotsimikizika ndi kudzipereka kwa njira imodzi. Malinga ndi Art. 364 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation, guarantor angatsutsane ndi zomwe akunena, koma alibe ufulu wakukana. Malinga kwa wogulitsa ngongole angapangidwe ngati nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama ikuphwanyidwa, ndalama za wobwereka sizimalandiridwa ndi wobwereka. Dziwani kuti ntchitoyo ndi yosavomerezeka kokha m'makhoti.

Pambuyo pa mlangiziyo atayankha zonse zomwe ali nazo ngongole, amalandira zikalata zomwe angapereke chidziwitso chodziwika bwino. Ngati guarantor adakwaniritsa udindo wake wokhazikika, akhoza kubweza ndalama kuchokera ku banki (Article 366 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation).

Chikhululukiro cha udindo

Chitsimikizo cha munthu chimasiyidwa ngati:

• Udindo ukukwaniritsidwa;
• Mgwirizanowo unasinthidwa kuti uwonjezere udindo wa guarantor, umene sunagwirizane naye;
• Ngongole imasamutsidwa kwa munthu wachitatu, amene guarantor sakufuna kuyankha;
• Wokongoza ngongole anakana kupanga zopempha;
• Wokongolayo wafa;
• Mawu a chitsimikizo atha. Mu nthawi ya mgwirizano wake sungadziwe. Kenaka maudindowa amatha miyezi 12 chiyambireni kuphedwa kwawo, ngati panthaŵiyi banki sanamvere chigamulocho. Pangakhale vuto lina. Palibe mwayi woika nthawi yomaliza yokwaniritsa udindo wawo, ndipo masikuwo sanagwirizane ndi mgwirizano. Ndiye chitsimikizo chidzatsekedwa patatha zaka ziwiri kuyambira tsiku losainira mgwirizano, ngati palibe chinthu chomwe chidzabweretsedwe panthawiyi;
• Chigulitsiro cha ngongole chinayesedwa chosayenera. Malinga ndi Art. 329 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation, chitsimikizocho chili ndi udindo wopezera, chomwecho, sichikhoza kukhala chosiyana ndi chachikulu. Ngati khoti lizindikira kuti wobwereka alibe ngongole ku banki, ndiye kuti n'kosatheka kunena chilichonse kwa guarantor.

Tiyeneranso kukambirana nkhani ya cholowa chosiyana. Malingana ndi kutanthauzira kwa Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, wolowa nyumbayo ayenera kuyankha chifukwa cha udindo wa mdindo wakufa ku bungwe la ngongole pokhapokha phindu la malo omwe analandira. Ndalama zonsezi sizingatheke. Ngati wolandira cholowa akukana kulowa mu ufulu wake, ndiye kuti ngongole za womwalira sizigwira ntchito kwa iye.

Mitundu

Umboni waumwini pa ngongole ndi banki ndi katundu. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kumakhala kuti panthawi yachiwiri mgwirizanowu umatchula mndandanda wa chikole. Komanso, banki ikhoza kupereka ndalama zongowonongeka ndipo popanda kusanthula koyambirira kwa wogulitsawo. Koma njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popereka ngongole ku bungwe lalamulo. Koma ngati ngongole ikugwedezeka, kapena tikukamba za kugula galimoto, wogulitsa ngongoleyo adzayang'anitsitsa bwino ndalama za guarantors. Zomaliza zingakhale zingapo. Nthawi zambiri, achibale kapena abwenzi apamtima a wobwereka amachita izi.

Chitsimikizo, chitetezo kapena chitsimikizo zingapangidwe kuti pakhale ngongole yaing'ono ngati:

• Wopeza chithandizo alibe ndalama zokwanira kubisa ngongoleyo;
• Wokongola anali ndi mavuto ndi kubwezera ndalama kale;
• Wothandizirayo ali ndi maudindo a ngongole.

Chotsimikizira ndi "inshuwalansi" ya banki kuchokera kwa wobwereka woipa. Choncho, munthu yekha ndi amene angakwanitse kupeza malowa, omwe malipiro awo angakhale okwanira kuti aphimbe ngongole yaikulu ndi chiwongoladzanja pa ngongole.

Ufulu wa guarantor

1. Kuwotsutsa kutsutsa kwa mabanki a mabanki ngati akuphwanya pangano la mgwirizano, mwachitsanzo, anasintha popanda kugwirizana ndi guarantor.
2. Kuti mupeze ufulu wofunsira malipiro kuchokera kwa wobwereka wamkulu, ngati ngongoleyo ikubwezeredwa ndi guarantor. Ntchitoyi imapangidwa ndi mgwirizano wa ntchito. Bankiyo iyenera kupereka zikalata zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ngongole ikubwezeredwa ndi guarantor.
3. Kufuna kubwezeredwa kwa ndalama kuchokera kwa wobwereketsa wamkulu, kuganizira zofuna, chilango, malipiro a khoti, komanso chiwonongeko cha kuwonongeka kwa makhalidwe (Nkhani 365 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation).

Kutsiliza

Chotsimikiziridwa ndi njira yopezera maudindo omwe munthu wina akupanga kubwezera gawo kapena ngongole yonse kwa wobwereketsayo ngati wobwereka sangathe kuzichita yekha. Kawirikawiri, kufunika kwa msonkhano umenewu kumachitika pokonza ngongole kapena ngongole ya galimoto. Munthu amene amateteza ndalama zake ayenera kukhala wosamala kwambiri pankhani yachuma chake. Unilaterally kukana kukwaniritsa maudindo sangagwire ntchito.