Ndalama dengu mawu osavuta - ndi ... Njira ya ndalama dengu

Anthu amene ali kutali ndi chuma, kukhala bwino chuma ndi gawo la ku banki ndi n'komwe mfundo yakuti 1 February 2005, Bank Central, Russia zonse ntchito phindu ruble wa ndalama mtanga. Chifukwa ntchito njira imeneyi kuposa bwino ndi zomwe ndi mbali zake zoipa, ife adzamvetsa m'nkhani ino.

mawerengedwe chilinganizo

Ndalama dengu mawu osavuta - ndi ruble ndi dola US ndi yuro. Dola wapatsidwa zokonda wamkulu, ndi gawo BC ndi 55%, ndipo yuro, motero, 45%. Ndiko kuti kuwerengera phindu la ndalama dengu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi:

0,55 * panopa US dola monga Bank ku Central + 0.45 * panopa yuro kusinthitsa ndalama malinga Bank wa Central.

Malinga ndi chilinganizo izi masamu mlingo kuyambira 2007.

Ndiko kuti, ndalama m'kabokosi mu mawu osavuta - ndi njira kupeza kufunika kwa ruble Russian poyerekezera ndi chiwerengero ena a dola ndi yuro.

The kulowera cha ndalama dengu

Pali chinthu monga yoyandama ndalama kulowera wapawiri. Banki chapakati amapereka chovomerezeka malire mfundo kwa chaka, zomwe izi zingantidwe oscillate motsogozedwa kucheperachepera kapena kuwonjezera. Pamene mtengo linanena bungwe la ndalama dengu la Bank ku Central zimasokoneza malire a miyeso zolimbana ziziyenda mlingo kuwombola. mchitidwe Izi zimathandiza kusunga mtengo wa ruble Russian pa mlingo yoyenera kukhala opanga exporting m'mayiko ena.

Tikhoza kunena kuti ndalama m'kabokosi mu mawu osavuta - njira ziziyenda bwino mu Russian ruble, amene ntchito ndi Bank wa Central. Njira anatsimikiza mtima weniweni ruble kusinthitsa ndalama ndi awiri ndalama ambiri, amene amapanga zotheka kumvetsa kufunika kwa ndalama zoweta mu msika lonse.

Nkhani ya

Ganizo kuti atchule ogwira kusinthitsa ndalama za ruble Russian anaonekera mwamsanga 2003. Mwadzina kusinthitsa ndalama anafunika kusintha malinga akalozera kufufuma, onse mkati ndi kunja, komanso poyerekeza ndi magawo a ndalama zosiyanasiyana yachilendo, amene mukugwira nawo ntchito malonda la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Poyamba, Bank ku Central lolunjika yekha pa madola US pa malamulo ake, koma pa nthawi njira imeneyi wataya kufunika kwake ndipo panali kufunika kuyerekeza ndi ena ruble ndalama khola - yuro. Izi zinachitika ndi maziko a dola kufooka ndi kulimbikitsa udindo wa ndalama imodzi European pamene mukupanga malipiro lonse.

Chifukwa chakuti ambiri a malonda madola ntchito US ndi yuro, ndi mawerengedwe a chithunzi ichi zochepa ruble poyerekeza ndi ndalama awiriwa.

Chokaniko ku kudalira dola

Bank chapakati ankafuna kuti muchepetse wa kusinthitsa ndalama dollar US, moti kupatula amadalira kusinthasintha kwa ndalama zakunja. Chifukwa chaichi, ndipo analengedwa ndi zina kuti adzipeza ndalama dengu, amene wakhala miyeso yolinganizira ndalama malamulo a Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Pamene zina kuti adzipeza ndalama dengu wachita anaonekera, kunapatsidwa kwa madola 90% ndipo 10% - yuro. Ndipo pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero cha chikoka pa njira ya dola wathetsedwa, pamene yuro ndi kuchuluka kwa 8 February 2007 anaima pa mlingo umene lerolino.

Tikufuna kuti kuonjezera osakhalitsa

Kuwonjezeka mu gawo la yuro mu mawerengedwe a ndalama dengu zinachitikadi kuti kuchepetsa osakhalitsa wa ruble, ndiko kupanga ndalama Russian mosavuta mpandadenga. Ndalama m'kabokosi mu mawu osavuta - otchedwa miyeso yolinganizira imene banki chapakati akumanga kuwombola yachilendo malamulo ake.

Ndipotu awiri mopitirira zina kuti adzipeza ndalama mtanga. The choyamba - ndiye anatchulidwa pamwamba, mawerengedwe a ndiko kudziwa kufunika ruble poyerekezera ndi dola US ndi yuro. The chachiwiri Russian ndalama dengu ntchito kuwerengera weniweni kusinthitsa ndalama zochokera Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama ya ndalama ya maiko amenewo ndi amene Russia ali paubwenzi aliyense malonda.

Kuwonjezeka yuro alibe gawo utachepa osakhalitsa

Zasonyezanso kuti kuchepa mu gawo la dollar mu mtima wa ndalama European yathandiza kuchepetsa osakhalitsa kwa kanthawi kochepa. Against maziko a chakuti Bank ku Central akuyesera munjira ina iliyonse kudzaza nkhokwe, mu June 2015 ndi ruble Russian wakhala anazindikira monga ndalama zambiri oyaka.

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti ikuluikulu banki chapakati akugula ndalama zakunja, m'pamenenso umabala pa rubles msika, zomwe zimalimbikitsa ndi kuwonjezeka mu ankafuna kotunga pokhalabe mlingo chomwecho. Akuti Bank ku Central kuti abwereze mfundo zikhoza dontho lakuthwa mu ruble, kuti ndi muyeso yofunika kwambiri malire kumtunda kwa kulowera cha ndalama mtanga.

Banki chapakati ayenera kusunga kulondoloza kusintha mtengo wa ndalama US ndi zone yuro. Akatswiri amanena kuti chiwerengero cha mmene ndalama zakunja ayenera kukhala wochitachita ndi kugonjetsera kusintha malingana ndi kusintha mu mabuku malonda imene ikuchitikira ndi maiko awa.

Mtengo wa mafuta anakantha ruble

Kuchepa lakuthwa mu mitengo mafuta atachititsidwa manyazi kwambiri kwa ruble kusinthitsa ndalama ndi ndalama za maiko ena. Koma kuthetsa vuto popanda imfa kwambiri kusinthasintha mfundo amalola wapawiri ndalama kulowera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamene kuli kofunikira, Bank of Central la Chitaganya cha Russia chabe amachepetsa m'munsi pakhomo kapena ukuwonjezeka chapamwamba. Bwinobwino kuchititsa ntchito izi amalola nkhokwe zazikulu golide, umene ntchito mu mphindi yovuta kwambiri.

Mtengo wa ndalama dengu si woposa chabe chosaiwalika a. Real mitengo kuwombola atsimikiziridwa ochita malonda pa Moscow Interbank yosinthira ndalama. Inde lero anatsimikiza Zotsatira za malonda dzulo. Poyerekeza ndi opereka zochuluka zina Bank chapakati ndi mtsogoleri bwino, ndipo pa zochita zake zimadalira kusinthasintha ndalama.

Mercantile Kusinthanitsa akuthira diso

Zingatanthauze kuti maphunzirowa wayikidwa potengera zotsatira, ndiye msika njira, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chuma zikuluzikulu munthu monga Bank ku Central, izo adzaika njira zovomerezeka. Chifukwa chakuti ku Russia ndi wachitatu waukulu nkhokwe kuwombola zakunja dziko, banki chapakati akhoza kuteteza ruble ku nkhambakamwa aliyense pafupifupi.

Si zoipa mwamtheradi chinthu imeneyi, pamene mlingo wa ndalama dengu amachepetsa. zachuma aliyense amadziwa kuti zodula amakhala ndi ruble, mtengo kwambiri zidzakhala Russian katundu kunja, ndi chifukwa, ogulitsa malonda adzakhala anakumana ndi mpikisano kwambiri. Choncho nthawi zina pang'ono opindulitsa kufooketsa ndalama kuti bwinobwino zambiri kugulitsa katundu kunja.

Ndipo, zikuoneka, chifukwa anthu ndi zosiyana: yopindulitsa kwambiri pamene ruble ndi wamphamvu, ndi wowonjezera mphamvu kugula, koma Mulimonsemo, ngati makampani adzautaya misika kunja, zidzapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kupanga ntchito, kuchuluka ulova ndi mavuto ena zotsatira. Ichi ndi chifukwa Kalanga wa mfundo Bank Central, kotero kuti zotsatira za boma loterolo nthawi kupewedwa.

boma udzayesa nthawizonse kupeza kukondera pakati pa Waogula Zinthu Kunja ndi anthu wamba amene akufuna kugula kunja. Ndipo Bank ku Central nthawi zonse kuthandiza ndi ndalama dengu, mungathe kuona phindu la ndalama dziko.