Chifukwa zoipa ndalama bajeti

Posachedwapa, kuti bungwe pafupipafupi mafoni athu ndi funso, kodi amapulumutsa bajeti yaikulu pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo zogula anthu ndi njira umafuna mtengo - bwino, izi ndi zoona?

Inde, ndithu, mwa mwayi mudziwe lotseguka amatchedwa manambala ndi kuti ziro billionaire (8-9 bn. Chaka A) ndalama pamene ntchito kompyuta kugula njira ya mtengo amapereka pa kutsitsa mtengo wa dongosolo [1]. Ndipo uwu sungakhoze koma kuwadzutsa chisangalalo anthu ndi kunyada chifukwa ngati "ndalama" malamulo.

Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito khalidwe kasamalidwe chida idzayankha akamanena funso. Dongosololi muli motere. anthu olimbikira ntchito anthu, kulenga anawonjezera phindu, ananena ndalama ofanana. Onse a anthu ndi chidwi ntchito, koma amadziwa kuti m'pofunika komanso ndalama ndondomeko (maphunziro, umoyo) ndi ndalama deadweight (ankhondo, apolisi, oipa). Chigamulo amapangidwa kuti mupewe machitidwe a aziyenda gulu la ndalama mu mawonekedwe a misonkho, ndipo anawatcha chuma cha boma. Malangizo kwa anthu a anthu, osati wotanganidwa kulenga chilichonse mtengo, reallocate chuma cha boma malinga ndi maganizo a anthu, anatengera kuwerenga choyamba, osankhidwa anapatsa oimira anthu. ndalama zimenezi ntchito mbali ziwiri. Choyamba, kuti anthu onse anthu amene sapeka chuma (chikhalidwe, wauzimu, chikhalidwe, ndi ena.) Ndipo chotero kubwerera ku ntchito opaleshoni ya kampani. Chachiwiri, kumene yoyankhira sayembezereka (pa nkhondo yowotcha osiyanasiyana, "kusintha" kumayiko ena, ndipo ena.). Zikuonekeratu kuti chuma anthu ndi kwambiri chidwi Cuma umboni mwamsanga kumbuyo mu makope (ndalama amapanga ndalama). Poganizira ganyu wathu "redistributors" kulengeza pakompyuta malonda a katundu ndi ntchito. dongosolo ndi losavuta - adzakupatsani mtengo wotsika, adzalandira dongosolo. Ifenso "anapeza" - mtengo wa mankhwala (katundu) anatsimikiza ndi ya zinapeza malo okhala makhalidwe m'menemo Mkhalidwe ntchito ndi phindu ankafuna. Choncho, ngati inu kusiya pansipa pakhomo la mankhwala ndi khalidwe (a phindu ngati nkotheka kusiya), mudzalandira "mtengo osachepera - osachepera khalidwe". Choncho, ntchito mnzake Pareto ulamuliro timapeza 80% kuti boma - mankhwala zosalongosoka, 19,85% - mwina chovomerezeka ndi 0,15% opulumutsidwa boma bajeti ndalama. Ntchito ziphiphiritso za Bajeti State wa Republic of Kazakhstan [2], chiwerengero izi kumasulira mu tenge:

- msika zogula anthu Akuti biliyoni 5423.

- anagula otsika mankhwala khalidwe - biliyoni 4338.

- chimanga chosakhwima chuma - biliyoni 8.

Malinga "Kazinform" [3], GDP Kazakhstan a mu 2011 analipo 27 biliyoni 306. Iwo likukhalira kuti 15% ya bwino kukhala "redistributors" wathu ntchito inefficiently. Ngati ife tisangalale ndi pachaka kukula kwa 7.5% GDP, zikuonekeratu kuti chiwerengero cha 15% ndi tsoka.

Pali wodziwanso kuposa nuance. Ndipotu, kugula dongosolo, ndi anawatenga osachepera limafanana ndi wina wa boma pulogalamu ya boma African. Kwenikweni ake ndi kuti mkazi aliyense umodzi angatanthauze thupi boma kusankha mwamuna. Great lingaliro, koma wochepa chenjezo - mwamuna wake iye koyamba mu kama wa ukwati ndi kulembetsa manja ndi kupanda wathunthu mungachite mu moyo wake wonse. Kotero apa, "Ndinadabwa" a dongosolo ngati wosankha mankhwala katundu waphwanya mfundo zikuluzikulu za kasamalidwe khalidwe - kusankha ogula. Monga "redistributor" simungathe yokha kusankha bizinezi, ndipo pamapeto pake si amene amachititsa khalidwe la mankhwala anagula ndi ndalama za anthu.

Mfundo yaikulu ya "makolo" State kugula kachitidwe zimenezo, kumene nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndili ndi nkhani zosiyana, zomwe ine ndinalemba Nditaphunzira kulimbana wosatha wa njuchi ndi uchi. Koma kumene, mu chimango cha buku lino, ayenera kuzindikira kuti awa awiri mafunso zogwirizana kwambiri.

Komabe, timayesetsa mwachidule mfundo zathu.

1. Kumene, ndondomeko zogula onse ayenera kumangidwa pamaziko a eyiti mfundo khalidwe kasamalidwe. Sankhani ogula ndi izi, ndi njira, kampani ndipo si mtumiki wothandiza anthu. Kutanthauzira mwa munthu bwino udindo wa Mabwana ndi akatswiri chinkhoswe mu kugula, osati kudalira mapulogalamu ndi hardware kompyuta.
2. Ntchito maudindo. Pamene mwaganiza kuti "makina", tidzapeza kuwononga munthu monga munthu. Ngati gulu lako wapatsa kusamalira zinthu zake, ndiye mlingo bwana wanu onse ayenera kukhala mokwanira mkulu. Muyenera kuphunzitsa zipangizo zamakono kasamalidwe ndi mkulu kwambiri khalidwe mfundo za mtumiki wa boma.
3. Mzere zizindikiro ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya ndondomeko ya ntchito boma bajeti, chimene mwa icho chokha mbali yokhayo ya ndondomeko kugula. Sikuti ntchito zikuluzikulu kanjedza mtheradi, monga onena mmene ndalama zambiri analandira imodzi tenge padera.
4. Ndalama kapena overruns wa Finance, chizindikiro ichi si kulinganiza bwino ndi kasamalidwe ntchito. Takambirana kale kamodzi anaonanso chiphiphiritso "ndondomeko zisanu mu zaka zitatu" - ife kudziwa momwe inatha. bwino Only ulamuliro malamulo zazikulu za citukuko!
5. Tiyenera maganizo zovuta zonse "zopezera" wa ndondomeko ya zogula anthu ndi kukhazikitsa bajeti ogwira pamaziko a polojekiti anthu ndi kupereka ndemanga. Self-kuyezetsa komanso kudzikonda popemphera wachita kale kutsimikiziridwa kuti ndi osathandiza. Akulimbana ntchito ndalama zawo khamu ayenera kulamulira ndekha, kwa ife khamu limeneli liyenera kukhala anthu.

Ife kale kuphunzitsidwa ndi moyo, koma sanaphunzitsidwe momwe angathetsere miyoyo yawo. Tiyeni tiyese.

AV Bandura

aviso@aviso.kz

Zothandizira:

1. Tatiana Batishcheva, mtolankhani ndalama. (http://www.forbes.kz/blogs/blogsid_49/
2. Pakompyuta boma la Republic of Kazakhstan. Boma bajeti ya Republic of Kazakhstan pa January 1, 2012.
3. Kazinform. Meyrambek Baigarin (http://inform.kz/rus/article/2441319)