Chidulo cha safuriki. Njira kukonzekera. ntchito

chidulo cha safuriki Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za zochitika za anthu. Modern mankhwala makampani zikuphatikizapo mu mndandanda wa ulimi chachikulu, mlingo wa zotsatira ndi chizindikiro zotsalira za kuthekera kwa kupanga dziko mankhwala. Chaka chilichonse dziko limapanga 160 miliyoni matani thunthu.

Malinga physico-mankhwala awo katundu, asidi ndi sulfuric ndi asidi dicarboxylic, izi pawiri sulfure umalandira apamwamba makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma (6). M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, ndi moyikirapo sulfuric asidi chikhalidwe akuimira katundu wochuluka madzi opanda mtundu, kapena kununkhiza. chidulo cha safuriki ntchito mu njira. Monga zosungunulira angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati madzi wamba, trioxide sulfure. Amaona kuti kukhala amadzimadzi njira, ngati chiŵerengero chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu wa trioxide sulfure ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi zosakwana umodzi. Pamwamba izi index akuti ntchito - sulfure trioxide yothetsera mu chidulo cha safuriki kapena oleum.

Sulfuric asidi kupanga amapereka yothandiza chilengedwe mankhwala feteleza ndondomeko mchere, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati electrolyte mu mabatire kutsogolera-asidi, chidulo ndi chigawo chachikulu pokonza salt zosiyanasiyana mchere ndi zidulo. Chemical ulusi, nsalu, utsi ikuyambitsa ndi mabomba ukadaulo wake kupanga ali ndi asidi sulfuric. Popanda sikutheka kulingalira mafuta, zitsulo, zovala, ofufuta zikopa ndi ena mafakitale.

Ngakhale makampani chakudya sipanatenge popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu - kupeza chakudya zowonjezera E513 (emulsifier). Industrial Organic kaphatikizidwe, kuchepa madzi m'thupi (ndondomeko kupeza esters, diethyl efa), hydration (ulimi wa Mowa ku ethylene) sulfonation (ulimi wa detergents ndi intermediates ntchito yokonza utoto), alkylation (kaphatikizidwe isooctane, caprolactam, polyethylene glycol) kumasuka resins Zosefera mizere otchezedwa kupanga madzi - palibe njira izi si wopanda ntchito asidi sulfuric.

Yopanga asidi sulfuric amatipatsa zofunika ogula kwambiri wa chinthu - feteleza kaphatikizidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa matani feteleza mankwala m'pofunika kucheza awiri kuti tonnes zitatu ndi theka asidi sulfuric. Pachifukwa ichi, sulfuric asidi mabizinezi anapatsidwa yopanga asidi sulfuric, osakaniza ndi nyumba mafakitale popanga feteleza.

njira ziwiri processing ntchito yopanga asidi sulfuric. Sulfuric asidi kupanga ndicho kukhudzana njira ndi nainte, nitrous (Tower) njira ali wochepa kufala. Ngakhale kuti zolakwa ndi chipembedzo chirichonse, ulimi wa asidi sulfuric ku pyrites nitrous osamukira pa mtengo ntchito dzi, ukhondo, ndi mkulu wa ndende ya chotsirizidwa pa kubwereketsa lapansi.

Lophunzira kukhudzana sulfuric asidi mbewu kaphatikizidwe njira, ndi sulfuric asidi kupanga amalola kugawidwa mu magawo atatu. Mu gawo loyamba, Kukuwotcha galasi, cholinga kuti uvuni kuphika mu otchedwa "fluidized bedi". Mbali yachiwiri ikukhudza makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa woipa sulfur okusayidi sulfure (VI), ndi pa siteji yachitatu ndi yokonza oleum, amene adaponyedwa pa akasinja natuma makasitomala.

chidulo cha safuriki kupanga nitrous njira wakhala sanapezeke ntchito lonse chifukwa cha osakwanira chiyero linanena bungwe mankhwala, n'kusowa ntchito zake.

Kaya njira njira yokonza, kusindikiza asidi sulfuric amafuna opanga kulipira chodziwa chidwi zoteteza chilengedwe.