Chibuda ku Russia. Anthu a Russia, kudzinenera Chibuda

malo achipembedzo Akuluakulu a ku Russia ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu. Agwilitse dera lalikulu kwambiri ndi kulumikizanitsa akuwayang'anira yake yandale za waukulu mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu, dziko ndi pamalo pamene pali miyambo yosiyanasiyana ndi zipembedzo za kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo, kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Christianity and Islam - awiri zipembedzo dziko, wamba mu chikhalidwe chathu. Pamodzi ndi iwo, ndipo wachitatu sakufotokozedwa amene ankati ndi anthu ambiri a Russia - Chibuda. Za kumene chipembedzo chimenechi afala m'dziko lathu, ndipo ife kulankhula zina.

Chibuda ku Russia

Chibuda - chipembedzo wapadera, osati wosiyana ndi lina lirilonse. Mkati masukulu osiyanasiyana Chibuda ndipo mafunde komanso zimasiyana kwambiri. magwero ake ayenera namatetule achipembedzo cha India, mu mbadwa zake Chibuda wonenepa ake. Masiku ano, mayiko miyambo kudzinenera Chibuda, ndi Korea, Japan, China, Nepal, ndi ena, pakati womwenso kunja Tibet. Pakali pano, Chibuda ku Russia ukufanizidwa pafupifupi zipembedzo zazikulu Chibuda. Pakati pawo, pali masukulu osiyanasiyana Mahayana, Vajrayana, Theravada, Zen, Chan ndi zina zambiri chikhalidwe si kucheza kwambiri. Komabe, anthu ambiri amachita Chibuda ku Russia, ena a mwambo Chitibeta achipembedzo.

Chibuda Russian Ethnography

Tikupereka kuti muyankhe funso ili: kodi mitundu Chibuda Russian lero?

Chifukwa zochitika za ndale ndi kulankhula intercultural, Chibuda woyamba adakwatira mizu mwa Kalmyks ndi Tuvan. Izo zinachitika m'zaka XVI, pamene m'dera la mayiko amenewa ndi anthu okhala iwo anali Akhristu a Mongolian boma Altan Khan. patapita zaka, Chibuda anadziŵa Buryatia, kumene bwinobwino mpikisano ndi chipembedzo miyambo ya wongosamukasamuka Siberia - mizimu, kapena tengrizmom.

Chibuda mu Buryatia

Buryatia - Republic of Russia amene malire kuyambira nyanjayi kum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Baikal. Popeza Ufumuyo ku Russian Ufumu, zinali kugonjetsedwa Russification ndi zachikunja kupewedwa. Komano, pafupi chikhalidwe, malonda ndi ndale kugwirizana ndi Mongolia, ndipo kudzera ndi Tibet, anapanga otchuka pakati ziphunzitso Buryat Chibuda. Woyamba datsans mwala pano zinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVIII.

Ngakhale pakati Chibuda anthu Buryats - otsiriza, amene adachita chipembedzo, lero akuimira ambiri Chibuda ndipo zikuimira Chibuda ku Russia. Buryatia ndi likulu la Russian Chibuda - Chibuda Traditional Sangha la Russia, komanso tiakachisi chachikulu ndi malo olambilila. Ina mwa awa ndi Ivilginski kachisi - ndi okhala Bandido Hambo Lama - mtsogoleri wauzimu wa mbali yaikulu ya Russian Abuda.

Pamodzi ndi Chibuda, pakati pa Buryat ndi zofala ndi mizimu chikhalidwe, kapena otchedwa Chernaya Vera.

Chibuda ku Tuva

Tuva, lipabliki, omwe anavomerezedwa mu Russian kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX, ndicho mu 1911. Tuva lero amadzinenera mooneka ngati chiphunzitso chakuti Buryats - ndi Mahayana mwambo wa Chitibeta Chibuda. Komabe, sizinali nthawi zonse: madera loyamba la chiphunzitso M'buda, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a Hinayana, pa dera la Tuva, anaonekera mu II m'ma BC, pa khanate Turkic. Kenako mafuko Tuvan anali Uighurs kugonjera watenganso dziko la Tuva Turki. Uighurs ankati chipembedzo Manichaean Komabe, anakumana ndi chikoka cha Chibuda. Azitha olembedwa, Uyghur akatswiri ena anayamba mwachangu kumasulira malembawo Chibuda ku zinenero Chinese ndi Sogdian. M'kupita kwa nthawi, omasulira asaiwale Mfundo Chitibeta, amene anatsimikiza za ulamuliro winanso wa Chitibeta mwambo. Vuto limeneli anali anatsindika m'zaka XIII, chikoka cha aphunzitsi Mongolian amene anachita Chibuda mwambo wa Chitibeta lamas.

Amonke woyamba anamangidwa ku Tuva mu 1772 ndi 1773, motero. Ngakhale kuti dera Chibuda la Tuva kwakukulukulu chimatsatira mzere wa Gelug ndi poganiza atsogoleri kumene kumakhala Amonke, miyambo m'dera mphamvu m'banja lamas Institute, lomwe ndi mbali yake yapadera. Monga Buryatia, Tuva pa malo achipembedzo anawagawa m'magulu awiri - shamanists ndi Abuda.

Chibuda mu Kalmykia

Kalmykia ndi kokha European dera ndi predominance a anthu Chibuda. Kukhala cholowa Western Mongolian mafuko Kalmyk makolo amabwerera Oirats, kuti agwirizane zinsinsi za chipembedzo Abuda mu zikomo XIII m'zaka za kulowa mu ufumu wa Genghis Khan. Komabe, pa nthawi ino, Chibuda panali chipembedzo chimodzi chokha cha ndale Oirats osankhika. The popularization chiphunzitso pakati pa anthu wamba amapezeka kokha mu zaka XVI-XVII. Ndipo, monga zinachitikira Buryatia ndi Tuva, Kalmyk Chibuda limanenanso kuti Chitibeta M'zipembedzo. Makamaka ubwenzi pakati Tibet ndi Kalmykia analimbitsa pambuyo kuzindikira kumayambiriro XVII m'ma Oirat mnyamata alibe wa Chachitatu wotchedwa Dalai Lama.

Kufala kwa Chibuda mwa Oirats ntchito ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa osiyana mitundu Kalmyk. Kapangidwe ka chathachi chikuphatikizapo Oirat mafuko, kukumbatirana Chibuda ndipo anakakhala kumadzulo mkati boma Russian. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mutu kwa mfumu Russian, Kalmyks anapanga kasamalidwe yake - Kalmyk Khanate. Yotsirizira chinakhalapo mpaka 1771, pamene lamulo la Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, linathetsedwa. Mtsogolo, ndi Chibuda Kalmyk akupangidwa makhalidwe dziko ndipo, ngati Buryat ndi Tuva Sangha anatsogolera kulimbana chipembedzo ndi kukhulupirira mizimu.

Chibuda mu USSR

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma la Chibuda ku Russia ankavutika mumaganiza ndiye-yapamwamba wauzimu - renovationism. Kaphatikizidwe dharma ndi Marxism cholinga chake chinali kukonzanso dera Chibuda. Monga mbali ya gulu limeneli mu Moscow pa 20-ntchentche. Ngakhale anagwirizira Onse-Russian Chibuda Council. Koma ndiye ndondomeko chipani anasintha ndipo poyerekezera ndi zipembedzo anayamba misa kupondereza. Mchitidwe umenewu anali chatsekedwa, kuwonongedwa akachisi ndi atsogoleri kuzunzidwa. Mpaka pambuyo nkhondo "m'firiji pamtunda" Mtundu wa Russia, kudzinenera Chibuda, ife tataya oposa 150 mchitidwe umenewu. Mu Buryatia kuchoka pa 15,000 lamas 1948 anthu osachepera 600 anakhalabe. Pankhani Tuva ndi Kalmykia, ndiye m'madera onse, panali chabe angapo opulumuka otumikira kwa 8000.

Anthu a Russia amene amachita Chibuda lero

Pamaso Perestroika Chibuda thupi yoyang'anira ntchito ya mabungwe M'buda, CBB anali Soviet Union (chapakati Administration Chochokera kwa Abuda wa USSR). Mu 90s oyambirira izo anadzatchedwa ndi CBB Russia. Tsopano thupi ili amatchedwa Chibuda Traditional Sangha la Russia ndi zikutanthauza umembala wake Abuda gulu la Buryatia. Chipembedzo Tuva ndi Kalmykia ufulu woyenerera. Komabe ulamuliro BTSR mu Buryatia ndi kunja kuzindikira osati onse. Chifukwa cha kusiyana pandale ndi maganizo Chibuda Society kakusintha mndandanda wa amang'amba Popanda mayanjano yaikulu mayanjano angapo palokha ndipo madera palokha.

Mulimonsemo, Chibuda ku Russia ukufanizidwa, monga kale, atatu zigawo zikuluzikulu - Buryatia, Tuva ndi Kalmykia.

Madera ena Chibuda ku Russia

Anthu a Russia, Abuda lero Traditional si onyamula okha chikhalidwe Chibuda ndi miyambo. Posachedwapa, chipembedzo kwambiri atchukitsa mu unyamata ndi anzeru. M'mizinda ikuluikulu kupitiriza kutsegula malo osiyanasiyana a zipembedzo. Mwa iwo, kuwonjezera pa sukulu chikhalidwe Chitibeta Chibuda, pali maofesi a Korean, Chichaina, ndi Chijapani Zen Chibuda, Theravada ndi Dzogchen. Russia mu zaka zingapo zapitazi, anapita aphunzitsi ambiri wauzimu. Nayenso mwathu muno komanso anali oimira Amonke ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo.

Pomaliza

Fashion cha Chibuda ku Russia silili, ndi lingaliro limeneli, dziko lathu amauza wamba European chithumwa wa East. Nthawi zambiri, kugula wambiri, buddofiliya zoweta wotaya mu quality, amene ana amakumana ndi pamwamba kufalikira, mmphepete zosinthika cha Chibuda ku Russia.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Chibuda - chipembedzo mu Russia ndi monga miyambo monga Chikhristu ndi Chisilamu. Choncho, udindo wake ndi malingaliro m'tsogolo kwambiri kuti chitukuko bwino chikhalidwe Russian.