Carbonari - chimangidwe chinsinsi kapena otchuka chosintha maganizo a gululi?

Mmodzi si odzipereka kwa intricacies wa mbiri ya munthu, pa kumva dzina la kampaniyo, dzifunseni chidwi funso: "? Carbonari - ndani uyu" Pofuna kumvetsa nkhani izi zimachititsa m'pofunika kumvetsa matabwa ake, aka kusonyeza cholinga anathamangitsa mwa iwo.

Lingaliro la "Carbonari": chidwi mabuku a mbiri yakale

Carbonari - ndi m'gulu chinsinsi, zochokera ku Italy. Madeti lidzigwira ntchito zake bwino za m'ma XIX. Cholinga chachikulu anathamangitsa ndi otsatira gulu limeneli wakhala kulimbana ufulu dziko logwirizana ndi losagonjetseka dziko, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu oyendetsera dziko ndi chikhulupiriro.

Carbonari - sitikudziwa "wosanjikiza" la anthu, pakuti kwambiri mwamtheradi mu zikuchokera awo. Pakati pa Carbonari angakhale monga nthumwi za atsogoleri, amisiri ndi anthu wamba, komanso mbali ya maganizo kaŵirikaŵiri chiyambi mfulu.

mbali khalidwe la anthu a Carbonari

Malinga ndi gulu structural wa Carbonari, mbali khalidwe la bungwe ili ndi wopatulika, aka pamaso pa zizindikiro kuvomerezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, khala la moto chigawo mwambo wauzimu amasonyeza kukonza munthu.

Kumayambiriro kwa zikamera wa chimangidwe panali awiri madigiri yaikulu ya chinamwali. Amenewa anali ana ndi ambuye. Patapita nthawi, chiwerengero cha tithe chawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo mmalo mwa awiri anakhala naini.

Tikumbukenso kuti Carbonari - anthu mu miyoyo ndi mitima ya mzimu chosintha amene amakhala. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi lamulo osalembedwa a utasintha zaka 1820-21 pa gawo Sicilian mu 1831 ku Italy, yemwe walunjika ndi Carbonari.

anali tanthauzo la kayendedwe Carbonari chiyani?

Cholinga cha chimangidwe chinsinsi anali kuwonongedwa kwa kanjedza nkhanza ndale komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko demokalase. Zikamera wa m'tsogolo Carbonari - ubale wa Anthuwa - malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, amafanana ndi nthawi zotsatirazi m'mbiri

• Mu ulamuliro wa Francis I.
• oyambirira nthawi zakale ndicho - 11 atumwi.
• Nthawi ya nkhondo pakati Ghibelline ndi Guelph.

M'maonekedwe ndale maganizo, dziko anaphunzira za carbonara okha chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, pa nthawi ya kukumana kwa a Bourbon mafumu ndi ulamuliro wa French ku Naples. Lamulo la French Carbonari, mosakaika, anaitenga ku tchimo ku Italy kukuchititsa zimenezi. Carbonari ku France anamvera umodzi harsher ndi kasamalidwe centralized.

Zocitika za Italy Carbonari

Carbonari kuyenda mu Italy zachitika m'madera angapo, omwe anakhala malo Venice, Rome, Naples, Turin, Milan ndi Florence. A chipangizo limodzi, limene lidaperekedwa, sanali. Panali wogwirizira "intermediaries" amene anathandiza kuzimitsa chisokonezo ndi kupereka maphunziro wamba a kanthu.

Aliyense m'dera kale chikonzero yotsimikizika ndiponso kusintha, chimene, ndi kuchita. Koma ofanana mu zinthu zimene mosamalitsa kutsatira onse Carbonari Italy, sanali. Mamembala a magulu awa kuwalandira malingaliro monarchical moti anali okonzeka kupeza kukondera nawo. Koma lingaliro kulenga dziko monarchical anaonekera yekha mu 1840.

Malemba ndi malamulo a Carbonari

Aliyense wa mamembala a chimangidwe chinsinsi anayenera mwachimbulimbuli kumvera malamulo a zida kulamulira ndipo ngati n'koyenera, kupereka moyo wawo.

Carbonari anthu, mosakayika anali malamulo ake, malinga ndi zomwe aliyense membala latsopano inakhazikitsa dipuloma aulemu. Maonekedwe zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo pamanja Baibulo ndi anasaina Buku ndi awatulutsira chisindikizo. M'chigawo chapakati cha dipuloma ya Theobald Woyera adakonzeka ndi nthambi pafupi kanyumba lapansi. Komanso pa chivundikiro zotsatirazi moto, kudula nkhalango, mbale ndi madzi. Pamene inu agwirizane kampani uliwonse Carbonaro analandira tepi, imene inali mitundu itatu, aliyense amene anali ndi chikhazikitso. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wofiira zimaimira lawi la moto, buluu - utsi wakuda - malasha, komanso chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo ndi ubwino.

Kufunika kwa mamembala a anthu anali malipiro apamwezi malingana mlingo ndalama. Chidaliro membala aliyense wa anthu anaberekera zida.

Timapepala mfundo za anthu a Carbonari

Kudzipereka Carbonari anali mwachilungamo nthawi zonse ndiponso woganizira, ngakhale wamba Italy anapereka lumbiriro, amatchedwa "mawu a Carbonari." kuchuluka Special anali chizindikiro cha ndimeyi mwa Carbonari, chimene chinali ndithu kumusangalatsa ndi wapadera. Amatanthauza ndi moto malasha. Iwo anatentha mophiphiritsa metamorphosis, chifukwa zomwe, m'gulu la anthu inasanduka loonekeratu kwa mfundo wauzimu wa view.

Chifukwa otaya wa Carbonari, achinyengo ndi zoipa moyo anali kutheratu, ndipo anthu adadza kwa omasuka ndi ufulu zonse.

Sacramenti ya chinamwali imagwiridwa zinthu nkhalango kuzungulira kanyumba awatulutsira Carbonari. Zimenezi zinachitikadi mu kukhalapo kwa mamembala ena a anthu. Umunthu watsopano kuika m'thumba, adatuma kwa "chipinda cha ganizo", pamene iye anali pamaso pa anthu amene analimbikitsa. Ndiye mutu wa Society unachitikira mafunso ake pa nkhani ya makhalidwe abwino. Ndiye novice anamasulidwa ndipo mwakachetechete moni ndi kudzipereka kwa kagulu ka Carbonari.