Steppe polecat: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera khalidwe, kubalana. Chifukwa steppe polecat ndi kutchulidwa Red Book?

Ndani steppe polecat? Izi chithunzi oseketsa ubweya nyama amatha kusungunula mtima kwambiri mosaganizira. About ferrets amapita kwambiri za nthano - iwo amati, ali wankhanza achifwamba henhouses. Koma ogwirira yaing'ono zimaŵetedwa ku ukapolo - osati mu minda ya ubweya kwa ubweya awo. Iwo anatenga malo omwewo monga agalu ndi amphaka. Anthu ambiri zimaŵetedwa iwo monga ziweto ankasewera ndi wachikondi. Ku Ulaya ferrets ankaimba udindo wa amphaka yaing'ono ndiye. Zakugwirirani mbewa nkhokwe, kulenga chitonthozo. Iwo amatchedwa kuŵetedwa ferret ferrets kapena furo. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ndi subspecies wapadera wa kuthengo albino nyama. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi kupenta wotchuka ndi Leonardo Da Vinci a "Lady ndi Ermine" mkazi wamng'ono wokongola ali ndi ferret ndi. Koma m'nkhani ino ife sindikuyankhula mochuluka kwambiri zokhudza ferrets monga za achibale zake zam'tchire tikukhala mu nkhalango steppe.

banja Large Mustelidae

Mwa sayansi gulu lotchedwa steppe polecat Mustela eversmanni. Adzaupereka kwa banja la mustelids. Amene distantly zokhudza nyama weasels, mink, solongoi, okamba, ndi zoona, martens. Izi ndi yaing'ono zimadya nyama ndi wa mtundu wa weasels ndi ferrets. Mu mawu wachiwiri sayansi dzina la nyama - eversmanni - kukhoma msonkho kwa Russian katswiri E. A. Eversmanu (1794-1860), amene anafotokoza mitundu. Achibale wapafupi ndi kukhalamo steppe matabwa (Mustela putorius) ndi wakuda footed (Mustela nigripes) Hori, ndi ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Iwo akhoza amamuchitira ndi mzake ndi kupereka yotheka mbewu. Munthu hybrids ambiri akhala anachokera: Mwachitsanzo, polecat-mink hybrid, chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa mink ndi. Ngakhale mitundu yonse ya ferrets ndi malo osiyana, iwo mwamsanga azolowere zinthu zatsopano. Choncho, ferrets nkhalango litapita ku New Zealand kuthana ndi anthu kukula kwa makoswe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu ogwirira ang'ono-ndinazolowera tsopano mantha kwambiri ndi zinyama zamakolo za anthu a pachilumbachi.

Habitat ferrets

mitundu yonse atatu sizachilendo m'mabuku Europe ndi ku Asia, North America ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo Africa, kumene, monga asayansi amati, anali kuŵetedwa ndi furo. Mu Russia, kumene kuli nkhalango (mdima) ndi udzu (kuunika) Hori. Ngakhale mtundu si mbali yaikulu ya mitundu. Pakati ferrets kaŵirikaŵiri milandu alubino, monga iwo angakhoze kukhala mdima kapena ermine suti. Pakuti mitundu yonse ya achilendo khalidwe "chigoba" pa nkhope. Steppe polecat amakhala m'madera yotseguka China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan ndi ku Central Asia, kum'mwera kwa Siberia, Eastern Europe ndi Central. Iwo amapewa nkhalango, mapiri, m'midzi. Wakonda lowland steppe, semidesert, matabwa. Forest mnzake wake M'malo mwake, opezeka mu nkhalango ndi nkhalango. Black-footed ferret malo - nkhalango North America. Kuŵetedwa pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo mu Africa kapena Iberia Furo ali ndi chikhalidwe si aukali ndiponso odekha kuthengo sakhoza kuzidyetsa wokha.

Ferret steppe: mtundu malongosoledwe

Izi - nyama yaikulu mitundu yonse nyama. Waumuna kutalika kwa thupi ndi 56 masentimita, ndi kulemera - makilogalamu awiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo nyama ndi chidwi kwambiri (18 cm) mchira, umene pangozi raspushivaet. Alonda tsitsi n'zambiri, koma kawirikawiri. Zikomo Mbali imeneyi, kuwala zooneka ndi wandiweyani underfur. Mdima "chigoba" kuzungulira maso Ndi mmene kwa mitundu yonse ya Mustela, koma steppe ndi ferret bwino kwambiri, kuyambira atavala mutu woyera. The totsegulira ndi mchira (kapena nsonga) mdima. Animal chimachititsanso kulumpha. Steppe polecat, chithunzi ndilo "kuyitana khadi" kwa mitundu ina "achilungamo Zorro" zimakonda kudya agologolo pansi, hamsters, pikas ndi makoswe ena. Musazengereze izo ndi ziwala lalikulu. Akuwononga zisa za mbalame pansi. Mu zakudya wake mulinso achule, abuluzi, osachepera - njoka. Anthu okhala mu mabanki a mitsinje ndi nyanja kusonyeza luso kwambiri kusambira. Ndiye iwo akhale chakudya ndi madzi voles.

Chiwerengero cha mitundu pa dera la Russia

Mu steppe ndi nkhalango steppe wa gawo European la Chitaganya cha Russia akufalitsa ndi subspecies ya kumadzulo kuwala ferret. Kum'mwera kwa Siberia, ndi Zeya-Bureya Plain ndi kudera Amur opezeka biotype wapatali kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha polecat kuwalako chinachepa kuti modetsa nkhawa kufanana mu makumi asanu Mu zaka zapitazo. Makamaka - chifukwa kupanga kusalankhula wa tsitsi ndi kuchepetsa malo a malo achilengedwe. Pa dzanja limodzi, kuchepa m'dera nkhalango m'dera Amur-Zeya pakati pa malo kukodzedwa kwa steppe polecat, koma Komano, chitukuko cha mayiko amenewa pa ulimi loopsa kuti apulumuke subspecies ndi. Kale mu zaka zao za sikisite, nyamayo izi chosowa kwambiri Stavan ankasakidwa. Mu 70s iye padabwera chaka chilichonse ndipo kokha pafupi Amur Mtsinje. Motero, tinganene kuti anthu banki bwino (China) amagwa la Russia. Ngakhale kuti tsopano Siberia steppe polecat mu Yofiira Bukhu la Russia, anthu ake akhala likunena zimachepa.

Zizolowezi za steppe polecat

Makamaka nyama ali moyo yekha. Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa anthu m'dera zochepa, akhoza kupanga masango. Kenako, m'gulu la nyama anayamba ndondomeko ya kumanga khalidwe wochezeka wolowezana, subordination ndi ulamuliro. polecats steppe zambiri amati ndi "machimo" anaikiza mwa nkhandwe, weasels ndi martens. Ndipotu ndi - kothandiza nyama chifukwa MBAFUDZA, kapena kani, asaaonerera pa chiwerengero cha makoswe. Long zitani thupi kuwala polecat zimamuthandiza kudutsa nyama mu burrow lapansi. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa iwo kwa nyumba zawo. Ngakhale chikhalidwe wapereka steppe polecat miyendo akulu ndi zikhadabo amphamvu, burrow izo digs osowa. Nthawi zina nyama kuika chakudya ntchito m'tsogolo nthawi ya njala, koma nthawi zambiri kuiwala za izi "stashes". adani a polecats steppe ndi Mbalame zodya nyama ndi nkhandwe. Mu nyama mwadzidzidzi amagwiritsa smelly ndi Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala chinsinsi zopangitsa kumatako, amene akuwombera pa mdani.

kubalana

M'madera mchitidwe steppe polecat ndipo nthawi zambiri interbreed. Choncho, anthu anapeza ndi wakuda (mdima) nyama. Ngakhale nambala DNA mitundu iwiri yosiyana: makumi asanu ndi atatu okhala steppes, ndi makumi - kuchokera okhala nkhalango. Steppe polecat kunja kuswana nyengo anali padera, koma gawo lawo siligwirizana yang'anirani ndi chiyani sateteza. Ngati awiri kapena akazi okhaokha anthu kukumana mokwiya ndi mzake, iwo saulula. Koma amuna nkhondo mkazi, nkhanza kulumana ndi kukuwa mokweza. Madona pa mtundu wa zochepa kuposa Cavaliers, koma thupi lawo ndi kosavuta pafupi ndi theka: makilogalamu awiri motsutsana 1,200. Akazi kubereka kukuza ndi kuikamo maenje cholakwika, amaika mumsewu msipu awo, nthenga, kufwanyulira. Pasanathe ambiri, akumba okha kunyumba. Akhoza kusankha amaunjika kapena dzenje otsika kunama mtengo dzenje. Atate watenga mbali mu mbewu kukula. Ngati wachinyamata chifukwa chilichonse kufa, akazi amatha interbreed ndikatha seveni - masiku makumi awiri. Ngakhale zambiri kuswana nyengo kumayambira mochedwa yozizira.

kubalana

miyezi chimodzi ndi theka pambuyo mating, akazi chibala anayi mpaka khumi (kawirikawiri khumi) wamaliseche, wakhungu ndi osatha kuchita chilichonse pups. Maso a achinyamata ndi okhawo mwezi. Steppe polecat - wachikondi kwambiri makolo. The wamkazi sasiya ana mpaka iwo kupeza ubweya. The bambo kumabweretsa bwenzi lake chakudya. Manesi wamkazi pups mkaka miyezi itatu. Koma ngakhale kale, pa usinkhu wa masabata asanu ndi atatu, wophunzira wachinyamata ayenera kufunafuna chakudya. Pamene nyengo ya mkaka wa m'mawere udzatha, achinyamata kumwazikana pofunafuna gawo lakelake. Unamwali zidzachitika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo. Mu kawiri kapena katatu pa chaka, pa mimba mkazi angayambe.

moyo amayembekezeka

Kalanga, ferret m'chilengedwe, kaya mitundu, amakhala pafupifupi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Mkulu imfa mwa ana (nthawi zina amapha zinyalala lonse), adani ambiri achilengedwe, kuchepetsa malo okhala chifukwa chodula mitengo ndi akulima wa steppes ndi meadows, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu. Komanso, ferrets timakhala matenda mliri. Iwo amafa ndi nthenda frugivores, matenda a chiwewe, skryabingileza. Mu ukapolo, chakudya chamagulu ndi zofunika chisamaliro Chowona Zanyama, ferrets moyo eyiti, zaka zosachepera khumi.

polecat European

Nyama imeneyi ali ndi ubweya akuda kuposa anthu ake steppe anzake. Monga tanenera kale, chiwerengero DNA mitundu yosiyanasiyana nkhaniyi, zomwe si kuwaletsa kulenga hybrids ndi mzake, komanso mink ndi okamba. Kunja polecat pamenepo, ngakhale ang'ono, koma kusiyana. Iye n'chochepa ndi wachisomo. thupi mwamuna kutalika - mpaka makumi asanu cm, mchira - seventini cm, ndi kulemera - yekha theka kilogalamu. mutu wake si monga katundu monga steppe polecat, ndi kumbuyo ukuzungulira osati kwambiri wothinikizidwa. Makutu kuzungulira kwake, yaing'ono. European polecat amakhala makamaka Europe. Mu Russia, inapeza kuti Urals lapansi. Amakhala, monga dzina uti unene, mu nkhalango ndi ngakhale minda yaing'ono. Ubweya mtundu wa nyama ndi woderapo, koma mchira, miyendo, khosi ndi chifuwa - pafupifupi wakuda. The zakudya mu steppe ndi nkhalango ferrets ofanana - Muridae makoswe, achule, achule, mazira ndi mbalame wamng'ono. Kodi kudya chilombo ndipo leverets. Forest polecat komanso sakonda kuti burrow ankaona kubwereka wina.

Black-footed ferret

Izi - zing'onozing'ono mitundu Mustela banja. Iwo kufalitsidwa ku North America - mu Canada ndi United States. Kutalika thupi la nyama - lonse masentimita makumi asanu ndi kulemera - pang'ono kuposa kilogalamu a. Black-footed ferret ubweya ndi wokongola kwambiri: m'tsinde mwa woyera, ndi pa nsonga tsitsi pang'onopang'ono darkens. Mtundu uwu amapereka wonse chikasu ubweya zobala nyama. Chifukwa cha wakuda footed ferret ubweya anali mwa mitundu pangozi. Mwamwayi, anthu anasiya nthawi ndi kuwonongedwa kwa mtundu wa nyama ubweya wopatsa. American polecat m'gulu la Red Bukhu la United States. Koma mpaka 1996 mtundu wamoyo mu ukapolo. Tsopano iwo anayamba kutulutsa mu malo achilengedwe. Panthawi imeneyi, pali pafupifupi anthu. American wakuda footed ferret adya makamaka marmots, mopanda manyazi agwilitse kamakumba una awo. Kuti tipulumuke, banja ayenera kukhala ferrets Blackfeet kudya makoswe, mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu chaka chilichonse, moti amakhala pafupi ndi limodzi la masewera.

Ferret, kapena furo

Amadziwika kuti Mustela putorius furo inachotsedwa mdima polecat nkhalango. Iwo nambala yomweyo DNA, iwo ndithu wathanzi ndipo angathe kuberekana mbewu. Koma kuweta zambiri anatenga nyama albino. Choncho, chifukwa Furo munakhala dzina lina - woyera ferret. Osati aliyense amafuna maso ofiira ndi albinos matenda. Kukulitsa ferrets zina anawoloka ndi achibale zakutchire nkhalango, choncho mtundu wa ubweya mu ziweto zosiyanasiyana: sable, ngale, wachikasu, golide. Mlingo wa nzeru, ali pafupi akambuku. Koma iwo sikuti kuyankha dzina, komanso kuyenda pa zana chala ndi kuchita malamulo osiyanasiyana ngati galu. ferrets Young ndi ankasewera kwambiri ndi mafoni. nyama aika kwa mbuye wake, kudalira anthu ena.

Ferret Care

Alimi ndikutsimikizireni angathe ogula furo kuti kusamalira nyama zing'onozing'ono ayenera osachepera chifukwa ferrets ndi omnivorous. Izi siziri zoona ndithu. mfundo ndi yakuti ferrets ndi ferret kuphatikizapo, ndi ziyenera carnivores. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chakudya wawo nyama mofanana kwa iwo kukula. Kuthengo, ferrets musadye ng'ombe ndi nkhumba. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti mwini ferret ayenera kukakwera gophers kudyetsa wanu Pet. Ferrets ndi kulandira nkhuku ndi akalulu. Nthawi n'zotheka kupereka nyama yamwana wang'ombe, nkhosa ndi zinyalala. Ndi nsomba ayenera kukhala osamala. Ferrets zitha akuvutika, Jack nsomba ya makerele, haddock, nsomba ya makerele, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu ndi mumapezeka nsomba. Mwini furo (albino makamaka) ayenera kuperekedwa chidwi ndi umoyo wa chiweto chanu. Kuwonjezera matenda a chiwewe ndi distemper, palinso matenda enieni ferrets. plasmacytosis Izi tizilombo (matenda Aleutian), ndipo insulinoma hyperestrogenism. Ferrets alinso ndi kachilombo fuluwenza anthu.