Bonobo nyani - nyani ophunzira mu dziko

Akatswiri kuphunzira za moyo wa anyani, anavomereza kuti nyani wanzeru kwambiri mu dziko - ndi bonobo (a mtundu anyani, amatchedwanso pygmy anyani). mtundu wapafupi kwa munthu nyama zonse kudziwika kwa dziko lathu. Asayansi nthabwala kuti bonobos pa 99,4% ndi anthu.

Features mtundu

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya anyani, ngakhale ndi mitundu ina Kanyaniko, ndi bonobo nyani ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha makhalidwe khalidwe achilendo kwa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi American anali kuphunzitsa chimpanzi nyenyezi yaing'ono, dzina lake Kanzi, kumvetsa mawu zikwi zitatu. Komanso, iye ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu zoposa 500, ntchito kiyibodi ndi zizindikiro zojambula.

Mawaya ndi mayesero ena zinachititsa kuti mfundo yakuti bonobo - nyani wanzeru kwambiri. mtundu umenewu si kuoneka ngati mitundu osiyana ndipo ali chimpanzi. Bonobos nthawi zonse, ngakhale pa chakudya mwachangu tilankhule wina ndi mnzake ntchito yapadera zokuzira mawu safuna kuwerenga kwa tsiku. ubongo zawo zambiri olemera kuposa anthu anyani ena.

Pygmy chimpanzi kuona zizindikiro zina dongosolo. Ukapolo nyama experimenter amapereka kukumbukira anthu 20-30 ndi ofanana Sonic. The ulamuliro zimasunga malamulo osiyanasiyana chinenerocho, ndipo kenako, mu watero poyamba sanali kumva malamulo kuchita zinthu zina, monga "zidatunsidwa kuchoka chipinda mpando", "Lather mpira," etc. Chabwino, amene takasa amanena kuti nyani wanzeru .. - bonobos.

Nthambi hominids ndi mungaone anyaniwa unagawanika zisanu miliyoni ndi theka zapitazo. Mtundu akufotokozera anyani pang'onopang'ono wamba, ndipo pachifukwa ichi nyama atasunga makhalidwe zambiri chachikale chinkawavuta chibadidwe mwamuna ndi chimpanzi. Ndiponso, izi ya chibadwa nyenyezi yaing'ono nyani chikugwirizana ndi chibadwa anthu ndi 98%. Popanda chisanadze mankhwala magazi angathe magazi bonobo munthu. magazi A Mwachitsanzo, chimpanzi yachibadwa amafuna kuchotsa chitetezo waukuluwo.

mbali kunja

Sizikudziwika chifukwa nyama zimenezi akutchedwa nyenyezi yaing'ono - bonobo nyani ayi wolephera achibale awo wamba kukula. Amuna kulemera kwa makilogalamu 35 60 koma ambiri kulemera chili pa kuzungulira 45 makilogalamu. Akazi, monga momwe anali kuyembekezera, zambiri kudzikondweretsa. kulemera kwawo musalumphe makilogalamu 35. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu ali pafupi 115 masentimita.

Monkey bonobo zithunzi kuti timaona m'nkhani ino ali mutu m'malo lalikulu. Pamwamba maso kuoneka bwino nsidze Komabe, iwo bwino anakamba. Thupi lonse ali ndi chikopa wakuda, kupatula milomo. Iwo izi nyani pinki, atayima panja bwino ndi maziko mdima. Mkulu mphumi, makutu yaing'ono, lonse m'mphuno. Pa mutu ndi tsitsi lalitali. Akazi anayamba mammary zopangitsa wamphamvu kuposa mitundu ina.

Monkey Bonabeau wochepa thupi khosi woonda ndi miyendo yaitali. Nyama pangani mokweza kukuwa phokoso.

malo

Bonabeau nyani amakhala ku malo umodzi pa dziko. Ndi ili mu chigwa cha ku Congo Mtsinje (Central Africa). Izi m'dera kukula kwa makilomita lalikulu za zikwi mazana asanu, ali ndi zomera zikuluzikulu. Lero chili ndi anthu padziko zikwi makumi asanu oimira mtundu uwu.

khalidwe

Bonobos amakonda malawi losonkhanitsidwa. chiwerengero chawo ukufika anthu zana (achikulire ndi achichepere). Ngakhale kukula kwake ang'onoang'ono poyerekeza ndi amuna, akazi ndi udindo wapamwamba chikhalidwe. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti "akazi" logwirizana ndi bungwe kuposa anyamata. Ngati mkazi analimbana ndi mwamuna, nthawi yomweyo kuthamangira chitetezo ake ena amuna ndi akazi palibe kuteteza.

Masana, bonobos nthawi yocheza ndi "kulankhula" mu magulu aang'ono, ndipo pamene nthawi ifika ndi tulo usiku, banja chikugwirizana. Monga ulamuliro, anyaniwa ogona ku zisa kuti timange pa nthambi za mitengo. Poyerekeza ndi anyani ena, timu yawo si monga okhwima chikhalidwe wolowezana.

zosangalatsa

anyani onse amakonda kusewera. Koma bonobos kufikako nkhaniyi "mwaukadaulo". Iwo makamaka katswiri. Young kosalekeza kunyengezera nkhope oseketsa ndi kusewera pantomime weniweni, ngakhale amaonetsa si pafupi.

Oonetsetsa kufotokoza mmene bonobos kusangalala: Monkey yokutidwa zidutswa za nthochi tsamba kapena manja pa maso ake n'kuyamba atembenuza, inu ndi achibale kapena kulumpha pa tokhala - mpaka ndiye, mpaka kugwa, kutaya ravovesie. Patapita nthawi pang'ono zina, anapitiriza kusangalala ake.

Mwina, nyani bonobos anapitiriza zina chibadidwe kholo lathu lakale wamba mu mawonekedwe zochepa asintha. N'zoonekeratu kuti kukhazikitsanso ubale chikhalidwe cha makolo athu ndi makhalidwe awo si wathunthu popanda kuganizira peculiarities khalidwe ndi chibadidwe bonobos onse ndi anyani.

chakudya

Bonobo nyani - nyama ndi omnivorous. Zambiri chakudya tichipeza zipatso. Komanso, kudya zomera ndi invertebrates. Pano mu mindandanda yazakudya awo ndi mbali yaing'ono ya chakudya nyama. Iwo akhoza kulimbana ndi antelopes yaing'ono, agologolo, ndi zina zotero D..

Asayansi a ku Japan, yemwe kwa nthawi yaitali kusunga moyo wa nyama zimenezi, amanena kuti pali kudya, Mulimonsemo, analemba wina Zoterezi zinachitikapo pakati anyani amenewa. Mu 2008, anyani akuluakulu anadya mwana wakufa.

kubalana

Mlingo kubadwa kwa mitundu ndi otsika. Akazi kubereka zonse zinayi - zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Wobadwa yekha Bakuman wina. Gestation kumatenga za mazana awiri ndi makumi masiku. Mayi wosamala wakudya mwana wake kwa zaka zitatu. pamsinkhu wobereka amapezeka bonobos yekha mu usinkhu wa satini. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti moyo wonse thandizo achinyamata banja ubwenzi ndi mayi ake. M'mikhalidwe achilengedwe, bonobo nyani amakhala kwa pafupi zaka forte. Mu ukapolo (kumalo osungira), iwo ndi moyo mpaka zaka makumi asanu. Iyi ndi nthawi yosowa kwambiri pamene nyama ali mu ukapolo moyo wautali kuposa chilengedwe. Ndipo chinthu china chidwi - ndi bonobos konse akufotokozera SIV - immunodeficiency virus (nyani).

anthu

Masiku ano, asayansi padziko lonse akuda nkhawa za tsogolo la nyama zimenezi wapadera. Yogwira kudula mitengo, Kusakhazikika ku Central Africa si amathandiza kuti umoyo wa mitundu. Tsopano chiwerengero cha bonobos mu nkhalango zotentha mofulumira ikuchepa. Mwatsoka, mlingo wa kubalana a mitundu ang'ono kwambiri.

Nyani ophunzira mu dziko

Mndandanda wa nyama wanzeru kwambiri pa dziko mosasintha walunjika anyani. Koma palinso zina oimira chabwino eni luso chotero, kuti palibe mthunzi wa kukayika kuti ali wanzeru, amene ali pafupi ndi anthu.

Mu 2007 anamwalira wotchuka onse pa dziko nyani wanzeru - chimpanzi Washoe. Anali ndi zaka 42. Icho chinali choyamba "kulankhula" mothandizidwa ndi chizindikiro woimira chinenero cha anyani. Pakuti mgonero zonse izi nyani modabwitsa mwamsanga-witted analibe okha m'phuno ndi timinofu, zomwe akumanidwa chikhalidwe chake.

Zosangalatsa za bonobo

Research asayansi asonyeza kuti ubongo nyenyezi yaing'ono anyani ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo wa achibale ake wamba. Ndi zazikulu ndi zambiri otukuka. Choncho, nyama akhoza kumva lingaliro la chifundo, kukoma mtima, nkhawa. Bonobos - zolengedwa mtendere, kudzinenera chikondi. Popeza udani ndi olusa - n'zochepa kwambiri, ngakhale, munthu anganene, khalidwe lapadera pakati pa nyama.