Bangladesh: anthu kachulukidwe ndi mitundu zikuchokera

Maiko a dzikoli, omwe ali pakati pa khumi padziko lonse lapansi pokhudzana ndi kuchulukitsitsa kwa anthu ndi kuchulukitsitsa, koma amakhala ndi gawo laling'ono, ndilosiyana. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ngakhale kuti ambiri a dzikoli ndi amwenye, dziko lonse likuyimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri yaing'ono ndipo ili ndi chidwi ndi chiŵerengero cha malo omwe anthu amakhala nawo ku chiwerengero cha anthu okhala ku Bangladesh. Chiwerengero cha anthu, kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, dera la gawo - zizindikiro izi ndi zina zomwe zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa anthu zimaganiziridwa m'nkhaniyi ndi kufufuzidwa poganizira zochitika za mayiko ena.

Mwachidule ponena za Bangladesh

Republic of Bangladesh ndi boma logwirizana: magawo onse a dzikoli ali pamtunda wofanana ndipo alibe udindo wapadera kapena ufulu. Dziko laling'ono lazunguliridwa ndi India, kupatulapo malire okwana 271 km ndi Myanmar ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Bengal.

Mpaka lero, dziko la Bangladesh ndi dziko lazamalonda ndi mafakitale omwe alikutukuka, ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri, koma ndi limodzi mwa mayiko osauka kwambiri ku Asia. Nthaŵi zambiri, chiwerengero cha anthu chikukumana ndi masoka achilengedwe ndi masoka achilengedwe: kusefukira kwa madzi omwe akuwononga nthaka zaulimi, kuwononga kwa nthawi yaitali kapena zigawenga.

Chikhalidwe cholemera cha boma la Bangladesh. Mwa njira, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira pankhani za chikhalidwe chamtundu, chipembedzo ndi miyambo yapadera ya dera. Anthu oterewa, amitundu yosiyana komanso a chipembedzo, omwe amakakamizika kukhala m'dera laling'ono, amadziphatikiza mozizwitsa.

Dziko la Bangladesh

Gawo la boma liri makilomita 150,000 lalikulu. Gawo laling'ono liri ndi malo a madzi - ndi 6.4 pamtunda ² pamtunda wa mayiko onse. Kugawo la Bangladesh, ndilo 92 pa dziko lapansi ndi 27 ku Asia. Poyerekeza ndi midzi ya Russian Federation: dera la boma likufanana ndi dera la Belgorod, Tver kapena Murmansk, ndi theka lalikulu ngati Togliatti kapena Penza.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chiwerengero cha anthu sichilola kuti tikhale omasuka kwa anthu a ku Republic of Bangladesh. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha midzi ya ku Russia yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi dera ndilo 20, 76 ndi ngakhale 230 mocheperapo. Zoonadi, izi sizingatheke, chifukwa dziko la Asia ndilo lachisanu ndi chiwiri mwa kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala pa kilomita imodzi padziko lonse lapansi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu a Republic

Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha boma, anthu a ku Bangladesh mu 2010 anali anthu oposa 140 miliyoni. Malinga ndi momwe anayesera mu 2016, chizindikirocho chinawonjezeka ndi anthu 30 miliyoni. Detayi ikufanana ndi kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu pachaka, koma kudutsa pang'ono chiwerengero cha anthu.

Anthu a ku Bangladesh ndi odabwitsa. Dzikoli silofanana ndi kukula kwa Russia, koma ndi chiwerengero cha anthu okhalapo kuposa Russia ndi anthu 25 miliyoni. Motero, ku Bangladesh ndi ku Russia kuli anthu 2% mwa anthu onse padziko lapansi.

Kugawa kwa anthu ndi madera

Bangladesh ndi mgwirizano umodzi (zigawo zonse zili pamtunda wofanana ndi wina ndi mzake ndipo zilibe ufulu uliwonse) ndipo zimagawidwa m'madera asanu ndi atatu olamulira - magawano. Dera lirilonse limatchedwa mzinda waukulu kwambiri momwe ulili.

Midzi, inanso, yagawanika m'zigawo, dera lamapiri ndi apolisi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kusiyana kumeneku kumadalira kukula kwa mizinda: m'mizinda ikuluikulu, dipatimenti ya apolisi imayang'aniridwa ndi zigawo zingapo, zomwe zili ndi timatabwa ting'onozing'ono, m'matauni ang'onoang'ono - ma communes angapo.

Ambiri mwa anthu a ku Bangladesh amagwira ntchito mu ulimi (63%). Choncho, anthu okhala m'midzi yayikulu (maofesi a m'madera ndi madera), ndi ochepa chabe - 27 peresenti ya nzika zonse. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, 7 peresenti ya chiwerengero cha anthu akuyikidwa mu likulu. Ku Russia, chiŵerengero cha anthu okhala mumzindawu ndi chiwerengero cha nzika sichikulirapo: 8.4%, koma okhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu oposa 40%.

Kuyerekeza kwa Russia ndi Bangladesh ponena za kuchulukitsa kwa anthu mumzindawu kumapereka chidziwitso chotsatira: pafupifupi 5,000 anthu pa 1 Km ² ku Moscow motsutsana ndi anthu oposa 23,000 ku Dhaka. Kusiyanitsa kuli pafupifupi kasanu kuposa momwe chiwerengero cha mayiko chikuwerengera, chifukwa chiwerengero cha anthu onse ku Russia ndi choposa 134 kuposa kukula kwa dziko la Asia.

Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu

Anthu ambiri ku Bangladesh ali ndi makhalidwe abwino. Chiŵerengero cha anthu akukhala mofulumira, chomwe chimachitika m'mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka. Kotero, ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, anthu pafupifupi 30 miliyoni anakhala m'dzikoli, poyambira nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, chiŵerengero cha anthu chinapitirira 40 miliyoni, ndipo mu 1960 chiwerengero cha anthu chiwerengero cha anthu 50 miliyoni.

Kuchokera ku Cold War, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa anthu: m'zaka makumi anai zapitazi zazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, chiwerengero cha anthu chawonjezeka pang'ono kuposa kawiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malinga ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, Republicali ili pa malo a makumi asanu ndi atatu (73) mndandandanda wazinthu.

Avereji ya chiwerengero cha anthu ku Bangladesh

Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Bangladesh mu 2016 ndi 1165 anthu pa kilomita lalikulu. Chizindikirocho chiwerengedwa motere: chiŵerengero chonse cha anthu chigawidwa mu gawo la boma. Monga tanenera kale, dzikoli ndilo lachisanu ndi chiŵiri padziko lapansi ponena za kuchuluka kwa anthu. Pambuyo pa Bangladesh Maldives, Malta, Bahrain, Vatican, Singapore ndi Monaco

Pazifukwa zina, mafunso okhudza kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Bangladesh (poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena) amapezeka m'mabuku a sukulu pa geography of Russian-eight-grader:

1. "Kodi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha anthu: ku UK, China, Bangladesh?" Yankho lake lingapezeke mwa kutchula mauthenga. Choncho, chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Britain ndi anthu 380 pa kilomita imodzi yokha, ndipo Chinese - 143. Yankho: Bangladesh.
2. "Yerekezani ndi Russia ndi Bangladesh chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu." Yankho likhoza kukhala motere: "Chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Russia ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo chiri pafupifupi anthu 8 / km ² . Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Bangladesh ndi chimodzi mwa apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse - 1145 anthu / km ² , mwachitsanzo, nthawi 143. Chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu a Russian Federation chikufotokozedwa ndi madera ambiri osokonezeka, chiŵerengero chokwanira ku Bangladesh (chiwerengero cha anthu) ndi khalidwe la mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka. "

Zizindikiro zazikulu za chiwerengero

Zizindikiro zina m'munda wa demography ndizogawidwa kwa anthu ndi zaka, chiwerengero, kulemba, kubeleka ndi kufa, komanso zikhalidwe zabwino: penshoni ndi chiwerengero cha anthu, chiwerengero cha moyo, nthawi ya moyo.

Pakalipano, anthu ambiri (61%) ndi anthu a zaka zogwira ntchito, chiŵerengero cha amuna ndi akazi chimafika pafupifupi 1: 1 (50.6% ndi 49.4%, motsatira). Kawirikawiri kuyembekezera moyo wa amuna ndi akazi onse ndi zaka 69, zomwe ndi zaka ziwiri zokha kusiyana ndi zaka zonsezi.

Kubadwa kwabwino ku Bangladesh kuliposa kufa, kuwonjezeka kwachilengedwe kwa anthu ndibwino ndipo ndi 16 ‰ (kapena 1.6%). Ngakhale mavuto a anthu, azachuma ndi zakudya, chitetezo cha anthu (chitetezo cha kukula ndi chiwerengero cha anthu kuchokera kuopseza kunja ndi kunja) ku Bangladesh amakhalabe pamtunda wokwanira.

Kusamalidwa pakati pa anthu

Bangladesh ikukumana ndi mavuto ambiri pazochitika za anthu: munthu aliyense amene amagwira ntchito ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti katundu ndi ntchito zina zowonjezera nthawi ndi theka kuposa momwe akufunira. Chiwerengero cha katundu wa mwana, ndiko kuti, chiŵerengero cha anthu omwe ali pansi pa zaka zogwira ntchito kwa anthu akuluakulu, ndi 56%. Chiwerengero cha ndalama za penshoni (chiŵerengero cha zaka za penshoni kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri) chikufanana ndi mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka ndipo ali pa mlingo wa 7.6%.

Zolemba za dziko ndi zinenero

Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Bangladesh ndi 1 Km2 (anthu 1145), zomwe zimapangitsa mgwirizanowu ndi mgwirizano wa miyambo, zipembedzo komanso zipembedzo. Chiwerengero chenicheni ndi Bengalis (98%), chiwerengero chotsalira cha anthu ndi ochokera ku Northern India.

Pafupifupi anthu onse okhala m'dzikolo amamveka bwino ku Bengali, chomwe ndi chinenero chovomerezeka. Amwenye a dziko la Indian la Bihar amagwiritsa ntchito Chiurdu m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Gawo la anthu (makamaka achinyamata komanso nzika zomwe zikukhala pamwamba) amalankhula Chingerezi chabwino.

Gulu lina laling'ono lomwe likukhala ku Bangladesh limaphatikiza mafuko 13 ndi mitundu yambiri ya mafuko. Awonetseni iwo mwa chinenero:

1. Banja lachiyankhulo cha Indo-European: ndi Bengalis ndi Biharis, omwe ali ambiri mu dziko la Bangladesh.
2. Banja la chinenero cha Sino-Tibetan: Banja lachi Tibetan-chinenero cha Chi Burmese (Garo, Marma, Burma, Mizo, Chakma ndi ena) ali ambiri omwe amaimira. Ambiri, amakhala anthu pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni a ku Bangladesh, kumene anthu 300,000 othawa kwawo ochokera ku Myanmar (Chibama) akuwonjezeredwa.
3. Banja lachilankhulo cha Austro-Asiatic: magulu osiyanasiyana a Munda (Santala, Munda, Ho) ndi Khasi. Mitundu ikukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kumadzulo kwa Bangladesh.
4. Banja la chinenero cha Dravidian: gulu la kumpoto chakum'mawa la banja lachilankhulo limaimiridwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha - oraons kapena kurukh (kudziimira). Malinga ndi zikhalidwe ndi zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, kurukh ali pafupi ndi anthu a Munda.

Motero, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikhalidwe cha dzikoli ndi yofunika kwambiri. Komabe, gulu la Bangladeshi silinatayike chikhalidwe chawo chonse.

Chikhalidwe chachipembedzo cha chiŵerengero cha a republic

Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu ndi maziko a kusiyana kwachipembedzo cha anthu. Republicale ikuyamba njira ya dziko (makamaka, boma limayesetsa kuchita zimenezo), koma dziko la Bangladesh lidali dziko lachipembedzo. Mu 1972, kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma lachipembedzo kunaimitsidwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu, lomwe linabwezeretsanso chitukuko cha Republican kuti chikhale chimodzimodzi ndi malamulo.

Chipembedzo cha boma - Islam - idzinenera kuti pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi peresenti ya anthu. Dziko lachi Islam la Bangladesh lili ndi anthu pafupifupi 130 miliyoni, ndipo likukhala lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa Indonesia, India ndi Pakistan.

Otsutsa a Chihindu ndi 9.2% a anthu, Buddhism - 0.7%, Chikhristu - 0.3%. Zipembedzo zina ndi miyambo ya mafuko zimakhala ndi 0.1% okha, koma amatha kudzitamandira chifukwa chosagwirizana kwambiri chifukwa cha mafuko ambiri osagwirizana.

Mavuto a Republic

Bangladesh akuvutika ndi masoka achilengedwe ndi uchigawenga. Mu 2005-2013, zigawenga zinapha miyoyo ya anthu 418 m'mayiko, maboma ndi a chitetezo. Koma vuto ndi umphawi, njala, chilala, kusefukira kwa madzi ndi masoka ena achilengedwe ndi ovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mvula yamkunthoyi mu 1970 inapha anthu theka la milioni, njala ya 1974-1975 ndi kusefukira kwa madzi mu 1974 anapha anthu zikwi ziwiri, asiya mamiliyoni ambiri opanda pokhala ndikuwononga 80% pachaka.

Kuyerekeza kwa Bangladesh ndi mayiko otukuka

Bangladesh ndi dziko lotukuka. Izi zimatsimikizira osati kale mbiri yakale, komanso mkhalidwe wamakono wa anthu komanso zachuma pa republic.

Zizindikiro za dziko lotukuka	Bangladesh
Zakale zam'koloni	Kudzilamulira ku Pakistan kunalengezedwa mu 1971, mpaka 1947, dziko la Bangladesh linali dziko la Great Britain
Kusokonezeka kwachikhalidwe	Mavutowa amatsimikiziridwa ndi kupsinjika kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi ana, mavuto amtundu
Kusagwirizana kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu	Chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Bangladesh chikuyimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya anthu omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chawo
Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu	Mayiko akutukuka amadziwika ndi kukula kwa chilengedwe cha 2% pa chaka, ku Bangladesh mtengo ndi 1.6%
Chigawo chachikulu cha agrarian chigawo cha mafakitale	Bangladesh ndi boma la agrarian, mu ulimi 63% mwa anthu akugwira ntchito
Malipiro ochepa a anthu	Ku Bangladesh, chiwerengero chake ndi $ 1058 (2013), pomwe ndalama za $ 10,553 zili padziko lonse, ku Russia $ 14,680
Kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri pazipatala	Kwa Bangladesh, ukalamba wa mtunduwu ndi uncharacteristic: Anthu a msinkhu wokhala pantchito ndi 4 peresenti ya anthu onse, koma m'mayiko otukuka chiwerengero cha 20-30%
anthu wandiweyani	Republic tithe chiwiri m'dziko mawu a kachulukidwe anthu, kachulukidwe, Russia ndi Bangladesh anthu zimasiyanasiyana nthawi 143

Choncho, Bangladesh ndi mmene osauka dziko. Komanso, dziko osaukitsitsa mwa overpopulated. osalimba a anthu a Bangladesh ndi mmodzi wa apamwamba mu dziko, ndipo chiwerengero amkulira mu Russia. Dera la State Pankhaniyi sapita poyerekeza iliyonse.