Asilikali Article 1715: mudziwe ambiri

Mu May 1715 Peter Ine kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Russian Ufumu anapereka asilikali procedural malamulo chigawenga ndipo iyo imatchedwa usilikali Article 1715.

Kodi ichi

Nkhaniyi mwakuchita Mfumu kwa chilengedwe ndi kasamalidwe ka gulu lankhondo nthawi zonse. Amakhala chaputala 24, amene anawagawa Nkhani 209, kapena ngati iwo amatchedwa - kuti katunduyo. Nkhani iliyonse anali wodzilemekeza ndi kutanthauzira ndi mafotokozedwe. Iwo anali m'gulu gawo lachiwiri la malamulo a msilikali Russian.

Ndipotu Nkhani 1715 asilikali - malamulo a boma, malamulo kupereka chilango kwa mulandu chigawenga.

chikalata ichi chinali chomveka mpaka ulamuliro wa Nicholas, amene analenga malamulo zawo m'manja mwa asilikali. Iwo anaitana malamulo.

Mfundo yaikulu ya chikalatacho

Tiyeni tione nkhani asilikali 1715 tingachidziwe mwachidule limasonyeza kuti mfundo ndi nkhani za thupi ili la chilamulo: chigawenga udindo pa cholinga cha chilango, mfundo milandu, umbanda asilikali ndi mndandanda, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa chilango kwa iwo. Mndandanda chikuphatikizapo ambiri mwa mfundo:

• amene ndi chigawenga ndipo kuti kulakwa;
• tanthauzo la zinthu zofunika ndiponso pa silikhali, komanso zinthu pa chilango cha ntchito zawo;
• mndandanda wa kukulitsa ndi mitigating zochitika ;
• gulu la milandu m'magulu;
• upandu kusiyanitsa magawo ndi chilango osiyana aliyense wa iwo.

Monga chikalata lisanalengedwe

Pamene munakonza Nkhani Russian mfumu zinthu zambiri Anabwereka ndi magwero dziko lina. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani yoyamba anagwiritsa ntchito Swedish Gustav Adolf 1683rd. Kenako ntchito malamulo German lachifumu, malemba, olamulira Chidanishi Chidatchi, ndi malangizo a Louis XIV. Chifukwa wakhala kwambiri anasintha dongosolo la chilango.

Asilikali Article 1715 pokonzekera mfumu ndi zoyerekeza adzadziwire nduna zake (kuphatikizapo mlembi Makarov), ndi chikalata linali buku la zinthu zosiyanasiyana za kumayiko ena.

Amene achita chilamulo

Asilikali Article 1715, ikulongosola ambiri a zimene zikusonyeza kuti anali woyamba mu mbiriyakale ya thupi malamulo a malamulo a boma kuti amasonyeza malangizo a chilamulo milandu nkhondo. Chotero chikalata iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo a asilikali. Kuwonjezera alonda ndi amuna a ulamuliro akhoza kukhala woyang'anira wa asilikali.

Komabe, m'nkhani Lofotokoza chilango cha zochita kuyan'anila za anthu wamba - kuba, kugwirira chigololo, kuba, kupha, choncho kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mabwalo onse.

The chakudya chachikulu cha bukuli

Asilikali Article 1715 anafotokozera za upandu kuchita zoopsa chikhalidwe. Chikalatachi limasonyeza kuti dziko "loopsya kuchita pagulu amachititsa mavuto aakulu kwa boma." The perpetrators anthu amene amaswa malamulo.

Upandu anali ogaŵikana mitundu zotsatirazi: wamba, mosasamala ndi dala. udindo pa chigawenga unayamba mu ntchito ya milandu mosasamala kapena dala. Iwo anali ogaŵikana magawo: cholinga, kuyesa, upandu anamaliza. Chilango anakhala kwambiri ku siteji kwa Gawo.

Izi malamulo kwa nthawi yoyamba anasonyeza chikalata malamulo.

Chodetsa asilikali 1715

mapangidwe ake ngati kuchita malamulo n'chakuti kuti chikalatacho munali malangizo otsatirawa:

• Pa milandu boma monga chipongwe mfumu, kuyesa pa moyo wake, woukira boma, kupanduka ndi ena anakhazikitsa malamulo monga chilango opepuka kwa cholinga. Pakuti ichi kulanga mwamantha, kudzipatula chigawenga ochimwilidwa.
• Analakwira chikhulupiriro (chaputala 1 ndi 2). Izi zinaphatikizapo: ufiti, kupembedza mafano, mwano, kupanduka achipembedzo, kuphwanya miyambo achipembedzo asilikali. Zilango anali boma. Chilango cha imfa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
• Political kapena analakwira boma (chaputala 3, 6, 17). Izi zinaphatikizapo kuukira zida, woukira boma, dongosolo kupha mfumu, anam'konzera chiwembu, ndi adani a mfumu, chilango cha zolinga mfumu ndi zochita, kutsegula achinsinsi, ndi zokambirana ndi mdani, nkhani kukwezedwa.

Pakuti ndi kuphedwa kapena chilango mwaukapolo

anapitiriza kuti:

• zolakwa ankhondo (chaputala: 4-15). Izi zinaphatikizapo chothaŵa ndi kuzemba misonkhano yosiyanasiyana. Kulangidwa kukutumizirani galleys ndi chikwapu shpitsrutenami. Ngati asilikali anathawa kunkhondo, ndi kuphedwa. Mwakhama adapachikidwa chifukwa chotenga nyumba, malinga ndi wakubayu, makamaka pa masoka achilengedwe.
• alonda upandu. Zikuphatikizapo: kuba ziphuphu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu wopatsidwa. Kulangidwa ndi kumpachika.
• Analakwira bwalo boma dongosolo. Izi zinaphatikizapo: kuwonongedwa ndi analinkung'ambika malamulo, perjury, perjury. Chilango anatumikira monga ukapolo chilango, namdula zala ziwiri.
• Counterfeiting, oletsedwa Ndalama, ntchito zitsulo zina, chinyengo cha zosindikizira ndi zikalata kulangidwa moyo moto.
• Analakwira kupanda mantha, anthu, zochita. Izi zinaphatikizapo nkhondo, yokonza mapanga, misonkhano zokayikitsa zigawenga kusungira, kupatsa nicknames onyenga, mawu zotukwana apadera nthabwala nyimbo. Chilango anatumikira chilango cha imfa.
• Machitidwe ndi chikhulupiriro - ufiti, kupembedza mafano, mwano, chilango chake ndi imfa yopweteka kwambiri.

Kodi kulanga analakwira munthu ndi katundu

Pakuti chipongwe munthu kulangidwa ogwirika chilango ndipo anapatsidwa kwa miyezi sikisi m'ndende. Iwo kulangidwa chifukwa cha mwano ngati mlandu umene woneneza mlandu kunawerengedwa.

Iye adapachikidwa ndi kuwadula kupha wa munthu. Tikumbukenso kuti kudzipha komanso wachinsinsi kuphana. kudzipha thupi anakokera m'misewu ndi m'manda mu malo "mwachinyengo."

Mu "Katundu milandu" gawo (chaputala 21) anali:

• yosavuta kuba mpaka rubles makumi awiri kulangidwa shpitsrutenami, ukapolo, kapena kudzilemekeza zoipa;
• kuba rubles zoposa makumi awiri, ya usilikali kapena ku mpingo ankamuona ngati kuba oyenerera, umene adapachikidwa mwa kupachikidwa, kapena pa gudumu;
• cholanda popanda chida koopsa thupi;
• kuba ndi chida anaitana kuphedwa kwa wachifwamba;
• osasamalira anachita kuwotcha dala kupereka kumawononga;
• anachita kuwotcha dala ndi kuphedwa.

olakwa kugonana

Amuna amenewa anaphatikizapo kugwiririra anyamata wotchedwa "sodomy". Chilango amanena kuti galleys, ndi chilango cha imfa. Kuti kugonana ndi nyama kutumikiridwa chilango logwirika. Pakuti kugwiririra akazi muyaya kutumiza kwa galleys kapena kulangidwa ndi imfa.

Chigololo kulangidwa zosakhalitsa yakalavula gaga kapena chilango logwirika. Zinali kudalira zinthu zilili pa mlanduwo. chilangocho anali mitigated, ngati mwamuna anakhululukira wompereka Iye.

Malinga ndi malamulo a mpingo inalangidwa bigamy. Pachibale (pachibale) ndi kuphedwa. Ngati anabadwa mwana wapathengo, lobadwa mwana zili ndi mayi. Kuwonjezera onse pamwamba kulola m'ndende ndi zampingo chirango.

mitundu khalidwe la chilango

The mitundu ikuluikulu chilango monga Nkhani asilikali 1715, anali awa: ndalama, lopitirira ndi akuti maulalo, kulandidwa katundu, ogwirika chilango, kalavulagaga, m'ndende, walekana ndi moyo.

Chilango cha imfa, nayenso wakhala oyenerera kwambiri. Ndi kuphedwa yosavuta m'gulu: kuwombera, kuwadula, wopalamulayo. Kuti chilango aluso m'gulu: moto, idagwatiwa pa gudumu, quartering, kuthira achitsulo mu mmero.

Chilango chomenya nawo kowawa ndipo chlenovreditelskie. Ndi ziletso chowawa ntchito shpitsrutenami kumenyedwa, lotsatira, kapena chikwapu ndi chlenovreditelskim - kudula zosiyanasiyana ziwalo ndi ntchito chizindikiro.

Pamene chilango chigawenga ukapolo chilango anatumizidwa ku makampani zomangamanga, malinga, ndi galleys.

Ena mitundu ya chilango analipo akuluakulu. Mwachitsanzo, yosiya ntchito ya utumiki, kumangidwa, kuchepetsa udindo, imfa ya tchuthi kapena udindo. Ndi manyazi ambiri ankaona imfa yapachiweniweni - mkhalidwe umene mlandu anali ufulu wawo wonse ambiri.