Aram Ilich Hachaturyan: yonena za Wolemba, makamaka kulenga ndi chidwi mfundo

Za munthu amene timawadziwa monga mmodzi wa Oimba ambiri aluso amene ntchito zake zapamwamba nyimbo m'zaka. dzina lake amadziwika lonse, ngakhale pafupi anakumana ndi nyimbo ndi katswiri wake anachita m'zipinda zoimbaimba. Ndipo ngakhale tsiku la imfa yake wakhala zaka pafupifupi 40, nyimbo zake lero zikumveka mafilimu, pa TV ndi pa wailesi. Choncho, ngwazi ya buku lino - Aram Khachaturyan yonena zomwe ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe mnyamata wamba ku mzinda wa Tiflis angakhumudwe moti odziwika munthu.

zaka zoyambirira za wolemba kwambiri

June 6, 1903 mu lalikulu Chiameniya banja la mwana wachinayi anabadwa wotchedwa Aram. Izo zinachitika m'mudzi wa Kojori tsopano - Gardabani chigawo mumzinda wa Tiflis (Tbilisi) mu Georgia. Makolo ake anali Kumash Sarkisovna (amayi) ndi Iliya (Yeghia) Khachaturian (bambo), ntchito yopanga mabuku a.

Kuyambira zaka zoyambirira za moyo wake apasa nyimbo pang'ono Aram Khachaturian, amene yonena amaphunzira ndi chidwi ndi anthu sizikakutherani mvetserani kwa aliyense cholemba wokhudza wake. Mu nyumba yopemphereramo sukulu ndi ndi chimwene kusewera tuba, nyanga ndi limba. Kawirikawiri mnyamata amalemekezedwa ndi chilekemekezo. Iye ananena kuti kubadwanso mu mzinda wa zaka Tbilisi - music, chodabwitsa kuwomba kwa mzinda - anali sangathe osati kuvomereza Matsenga nyimbo.

Koma makolo ankaganiza kuti ana ayenera chinkhoswe mu vuto lalikulu, kotero chizolowezi ake ndi ofunika anazindikira. Kuphunzira nyimbo pa sikelo imene iye ankaganizira zinali zotheka zaka 19.

Chidwi wamng'ono Khachaturian

Pakuti Wolemba m'tsogolo zofunika kwambiri kupeza mu Tbilisi Italy sewero la nyimboyi, nyimbo sukulu ndi Russian zoyimbira Society. Mu mzinda uwu anabwera Sergei Rachmaninov ndi Feodor Chaliapin. Panali oimba aluso kwambiri amene pa nthawi anakwanitsa chopereka zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha sukulu analemba mu Georgia ndi Armenia.

Zonsezi Polemeretsedwa oyambirira zidindo nyimbo za mnyamata.

Khachaturian, amene yonena ndi chidwi kuwalakwira, anatenga munkapezeka intonation "maluwa" imene ili mofulumira kwambiri mwamphamvu mizu zinamuchitikira Makutu. Ndi ichi "maluwa" ndipo analola patapita zaka zambiri konse kumangidwanso mu dziko. Music wakhala ovuta omvera yaikulu. Inde, iye sanasonyeze Pochita dziko kudzikonda Aram Khachaturian. Wambiri, kuwatsogolera njira m'mudzi waung'ono, tsopano kuyambira kuwala koposa mitundu yatsopano. Tsogolo Wolemba kwambiri chidwi ndi nyimbo ya anthu osiyanasiyana kusala ndi kulemekezedwa zedi. Kuti internationalism ndipo anali mbali yaikulu mumtima ndi ntchito Arama Hachaturyana.

Native makoma "Gnesinka"

N'zovuta kukhulupirira kuti wanzeru Wolemba amene analenga rhapsodies ambiri, concertos, nthetemya ndi ntchito zina, anaphunzira kalembedwe nyimbo ndi zaka 19 zokha. Mu nthawi ya moyo wake ndi anthu ena a kwawo anafika ku Moscow ndipo analowa zoyimbira College Gnesin cello kalasi. Pa nthawi yomweyo adalandira maphunziro zamoyo (Physics ndi Masamu luso) pa University Moscow.

M'buku nthawi Aram Ilich Hachaturyan, Wambiri umene unayamba kukula ndi mfundo yatsopano kuti akhoza kupanga pa chimene iye anasowa kukula nyimbo. Iye osati anayamba maphunziro ake, komanso kukhala mmodzi wa ophunzira bwino. Komanso anapambana ufulu wolankhula pa zoimbaimba ena ophunzira mu Large ndi Small Nyumba ya Moscow Conservatory.

Kodi kukhala Wolemba?

Kodi adzakhala Wolemba Aram Khachaturian, amene yonena pa nthawi ino anafanana ndi nkhani yosatha, ndinazindikira mu 1925, pamene ankakonda koleji wake zikuchokera kalasi anaonekera. Kumeneko iye analandira yoyamba kwambiri kulemba luso. Patatha zaka zinayi, mu 1929, anakhala wophunzira wa Moscow State Conservatory, kumene motsogozedwa a Nikolai Myaskovsky mapangidwe ake zinachitika pamene Wolemba lapansi.

Mu 1933 Sergei Prokofiev anapita kalasi Myaskovsky a. Ku msonkhano uwu achinyamata Khachaturian kumanzere Sitidzaiwala yamunthu. ntchito zake koposa nagonjetsa a analemba luso. Koma n'zosiyana ndi chidwi pano: kotero Prokofiev ankakonda ntchito ya Aramu, anawatenga naye Paris. Kumeneko, mu mzinda uno, zomwe anthu ambirimbiri ali wofunitsitsa onani, ndipo iwo anaphedwa.

Woyamba "Dance" Khachaturian

"Dance" chifukwa zeze ndi piano - anali mankhwala loyamba Arama Ilicha, lomwe linasindikizidwa. Ndi zooneka bwino ena mwa zinthu ndi makhalidwe a zinthu za Wolemba luso akhoza kumva imitations wa zotsatira timbre kuti ankagwiritsa ntchito mu malangizo nyimbo ya East; njira angapo mu ntchito ya kusintha, improvisation; lomveka rhythmic ostinato ndi odziwika "masekondi hachaturyanovskie." ambiri Wolemba anandiuza kuti wachiwiri wake zinachitika pa mobwerezabwereza kumvetsera monga mwana wa zida wowerengeka - maseche, ndi kemancha sazandar-muli.

pang'ono kotero ndi pang'ono, pang'onopang'ono, Khachaturian, amene yonena - chitsanzo cha wanzeru ndi munthu wodziwa iyemwini analenga, analowa kwa processing wa wowerengeka nyimbo chuma chitukuko. Iwo unadza mu 1932, pamene kuunika Maapatimenti kwa limba. Kuti ndi mbali yoyamba ya mutu wakuti "Tokatta" anadziwika padziko lonse. amaimba piyano ambiri atchule iye repertoire wake. Mpaka tsopano, ali ndi mphamvu ya yaikulu omvera ndi chithumwa ena.

Mu 1933 anayamba kuchita "Dance Maapatimenti" chifukwa nthetemya yana. Ndi mankhwala, yochokera chimwemwe wodzipereka wa moyo, kuwala ndi mphamvu, achinyamata Khachaturian kulowa timu ya analemba bwino Soviet. Patapita zaka ziwiri, mu Nyumba ya Moscow Conservatory zinkamveka makodi wa Symphony Choyamba, umene unali nkhani yolembedwa ntchito pa nthawi ya mapeto a inali ndi. Zinali akamaliza amene m'mbuyomu ndi chiyambi cha siteji yotsatira mu moyo wa Woipeka. Wambiri Aram Khachaturian Ndi mtundu wa mbiri ya nyimbo iliyonse pa mphambu wake - nthawi osiyana nthawi, imene limanena za zidindo, zokumana ndi chiyembekezo cha wolemba.

Wolemba ndi mphunzitsi

A mbali yaikulu ya kulenga Arama Ilicha anatenga nyimbo wake chifukwa cha sewero. Wotchuka - nyimbo Lermontov a "Masquerade" ndi lopedevegovskoy "The Chivalensha Wamasiye". Ngakhale kuti ntchito ankafuna kuti zisudzo, analandira moyo kwathunthu palokha.

Khachaturian, kanthawi yonena zomwe zitha schematically kwambiri kufotokoza njira ya moyo wa Wolemba luso, anali ndi chidwi chachikulu mafilimu a kanema. Iye anasonyeza nyimbo kufunika mu Kuwulura chikhalidwe ndi kapangidwe wotsogolera. Koma namatetule wake kutenga dzina yaikulu kuzindikira ntchito symphonic. omvetsera anatenga kukulimbikitsani concertos wake kwa zeze ndi oketsra ndi limba ndi yana. Maganizo kuti chikanachitika mu nthetemya choyamba ndi "Dance Maapatimenti", anapeza moyo watsopano. Komanso, pali Khachaturian zoimbaimba kuti anadzakhala mbali ya kalembedwe wake. Mu 1942 anamaliza zigoli wa "Gayane" kuvina, kumene chakale kuvina ndi choreographic luso akhala apanga. Mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo panali Chachiwiri ndi nthetemya Chachitatu. zaka 9 nkhondo itatha, wolemba analemba amunamuna ndiponso oopsa kuvina "Spartacus".

Nchiyani, Wambiri Aram Khachaturian? Akhoza limafotokozedwa mwachidule mu mawu atatu: ntchito, ntchito ndi ntchito kachiwiri. Mu zaka zao za sikisite kunja kwa cholembera anabwera atatu Khachaturian Concerto-Rhapsody, amene mu 1971 anali kupereka State Prize.

Khachaturian kuyesetsa ntchito pedagogical. Kwa zaka zambiri anali mtsogoleri wa kalasi zikuchokera pa Moscow Conservatory, ndi Tchaikovsky ndi Gnessin Music Institute. wolemba ndi ntchito yolenga anapitiriza pafupifupi masiku ake otsiriza. moyo wake inatha mu Moscow, May 1, 1978.

Oseketsa zochitika pa moyo wa Wolemba ndi

Wambiri Aram Khachaturian Pamafunikanso mfundo zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa. Mmodzi wa iwo - za galu wake. Wolemba ndi sizikakutherani ankachitira nyama. Kamodzi Germany, adapita naye mphatso - ndi poodle achifumu. Aram Lyado anamutcha (malinga ndi maudindo awiri nyimbo). Iye anayenda naye, kudyetsa iye, ankaimba naye. Khachaturian ali paubwenzi Pet wake, chimene adachipasula kale wodzipereka ndi sewero amatchedwa "Lyado mwakayakaya."

Ndipotu ina tanthauzo pafupifupi mbiri. Mu 1944 iye analengeza mpikisano wa Chiameniya fuko. Mu Khachaturian anafika ku Yerevan, anali Baibulo yake ya nyimbo. Tsiku lina madzulo, Iye adalikukhala pansi pa limba atazunguliridwa ndi achibale ake nakhudza mafungulo. Zinali lotentha chilimwe, anthu anali atatsegula makonde. Pansi mazenera a wolemba adakomana anthu amene chikulimbikitseni kumva nyimbo, pamene hachaturyanovsky anaimba nyimbo ya fuko.

Mabanja

Kotero ine analenga Khachaturian. Mwachidule yonena za kwambiri luso Wolemba chi limanena kuti iye, kuposa wina aliyense anadziwa, osati music, komanso kufunika kwake kwa anthu. moyo wake wapadera, kwambiri, sanali kosangalatsa. Mu mwana woyamba m'banja Nune anabadwa, umene wakhala limba. Patapita kanthawi, pambuyo kuchotsa mgwirizano choyamba, wolemba anakwatira kachiwiri. anasankha ankaphunzira ku gulu la mutu wake Myaskovsky - Nina Makarova. Mkazi uyu anali ndi chikondi chachikulu, mnzake ndi mnzake wokhulupirika Khachaturian moyo. Aram ndi Nina anabereka mwana Karen (odziwika luso wotsutsa).

Choncho moyo wake, Aram Khachaturian, yaifupi yonena amene akhala wabweza mfundo ina yofunika: dzina la wolemba waukulu wotchedwa Great Nyumba ya pasukulu ndi chingwe anai, ndipo dzina lake ndi mpikisano pachaka akuimira analemba ndi amaimba piyano.