Apostol Petr ndi St. Paul. Petulo ndi Paulo

Pakati pa otsatira oyambirira a Yesu Kristu, amene anakhala tate wa Mpingo Wake konsekonse, ndi awiri a Mtumwi, otchedwa SS. Izi Apostol Potr ndi mtumwi Paulo. Mu moyo padziko lapansi, iwo anali anthu osiyana kwambiri, osati ndi udindo wawo, komanso kaganizidwe ndi maganizo a dziko. Kugwirizana chikhulupiriro chawo mwa kuuka kwa Mwana wa Mulungu, amene makomo moyo wosatha.

Nsodzi ndi nyanja ya Genesarete

About St. Peter Mtumwi, ife tikudziwa kuti iye anali wa ku Betsaida wa mzinda, inali kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Genesarete. atate wake Yona anachokera ku fuko la Nafitali. Isanafike kukumana ndi Yesu Khristu, Apostol Potr ankatchedwa Simoni. Iye ankakhala ku Kaperenao ndi mkazi wake ndi mayi wake. Simoni anali msodzi yosavuta ndi wodzichepetsa. Pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake Andreya, tsogolo la Mtumwi Andrew, iye khama akubweretsa chakudya chake, amaganizira za zinsinsi za chilengedwe chonse, ndi zinthu zake zonse zinali zochepa kuti wosamalira.

Kumayambiriro kwa utumiki wake padziko lapansi, Yesu akuitana kwa iye yekha abale awiri, Simoni anamupatsa dzina latsopano - Petro, lomwe limatanthauza "mwala". Yesu ananena mawu amenewa kuti "miyala" Iye adzamangira mpingo, angaloŵe ku gehena, kusonyeza ntchito yapadera kuti chidakonzeka ndi iye kwa munthuyo. Ndipo Petro kuyambira pachiyambi ankakhulupirira ndi mtima wonse kwa Mbuye wake. Mu moyo wosalira poyera analibe malo kukaikira. Kusiya zonse zogwirizana naye moyo wakale, sanazengereze kutsatira Khristu.

Kuzindikira St. Paul

Ndithu osiyana zikuoneka kuti ife kuti St. Paul. Iye anabadwa ku Tariso, Myuda banja, amene anali nzika ya Roma anam'patsa mwalamulo mwayi. Poyamba zinali dzina Sauli ndi anali wothandiza an'kanthunthumira Chilamulo cha Ayuda. Mu Yerusalemu, Pamilunguyo Afarisiwo maphunziro kwambiri motsogozedwa ndi mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri pa nthawi ya atsogoleri a. Izi anamuika kwambiri anazunza Akhristu kwadzaoneni ndi Chiyuda.

Koma Ambuye anasangalala akuunikireni maganizo ake kuunika kwa chikhulupiriro choona. Anadzazidwa ndi Mzimu Woyera, Paulo ndi makani mtima wake anayamba kulalikira m'masunagoge a chiphunzitso, zomwe dzulo anawatsutsa kukhala onyenga amene anali kumbali milandu lamulo. Iye anali munthu wophunzira, ndipo adzaperekedwa ulaliki wake mphamvu zapadera. Popeza anayamba njira iyi yatsopano ya moyo naye, Saulo anadzakhala Paulo, anali kwambiri ophiphiritsa - dzina kusintha limatanthauza kusintha kwa miyoyo yawo.

Mapeto a kufera a Atumwi

Malinga ndi mwambo Woyera, Apostol Potr ndi Mtumwi Paulo atakhala zaka zambiri za utumiki anaphedwa ndi manja a Ayuda tsiku limodzi - 12 July (ndi N ..). Iye anakhala chikumbukiro chawo masana. Chaka chilichonse pa tsiku kukondwerera holide - Tsiku la Petro ndi Paulo. Mfumu Nero aphedwe mtumwi Petulo atamva kuti ulaliki wake, Petro kwambiri kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha otembenuka kwa Chikhristu. Mtumwi anaweruzidwa kuti apachikidwe monga mphunzitsi wake waukulu, koma anapempha alonda anamukhomera mtanda mozondoka opezeka ndekha woyenera kubwereza imfa ya Khristu pamtanda ubwenzi.

Mtumwi Paulo anali nzika ya Roma, ndipo ndi lamulo, izo sizingakhoze kupachikidwa, kuyambira chilango choterocho ankaona manyazi, ndipo kokha pansi Osokera akapolo ndi anthu amene anali m'gulu strata wotsikitsitsa kwambiri a anthu. Mwa dongosolo la mfumu, iye anatengedwera ku mzinda wa Roma, ndipo panjira Ostian mutu lupanga lake. Mwambo ananena kuti malo mutu wagwa la Mtumwi Woyera, yagoletsa m'dziko la gwero mozizwitsa.

Mu kupembedza wachikhristu woyambirira wa oyera anatsatira yomweyo ataphedwa ndi manda awo malo anali mmodzi wa tiakachisi kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo tinayamba holideyo - Tsiku la Petro ndi Paulo. Amadziwika kuti pamene mu IV atumwi ndi mfumu Constantine Wamkulu, Christianity potsiriza wabweza udindo lovomerezeka ndi chipembedzo boma Rome ndi Constantinople zinamangidwa akachisi ulemu a Atumwi.

Molemekeza atumwi woyera wa Russia

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity mu Russia, ndi Apostol Potr, mtumwi Paulo anakhala mmodzi wa ankaopedwa kwambiri ndi okondedwa ndi Russia oyera. Baptist a Lazaro - Prince Vladimir anabwerera kuchokera Korsun, anabweretsa Kiev mafano ndi chithunzi chawo. Iye anali kenako anapereka kwa Novgorod, kumene nthawi yaitali anapitiriza mu Cathedral wa St. Sophia. Kenako, anatayika, koma mu tsiku lathu pansi pa arches kachisi mukhoza kuona frescoes za m'ma XI, woimira St. Peter Mtumwi.

About kalekale mwambo wa kulambira mu Russia Atumwi umboni khoma zojambula wa St. Sophia Cathedral ku Kiev, kunena za zaka XI-XII. Iwo akuonetsedwa Apostol Potr ndi mtumwi Paulo. ziwiri Russian obisika polemekeza oyera amenewa anayambitsa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XII, wina - ku Novgorod kuti Shinichi phiri, ndi zina - mu Rostov. Zaka zana limodzi pambuyo pake, Petro ndi Paulo ansembe yotchedwa anaonekera Bryansk. Nthawi imeneyi, zinalembedwa malemba ambiri a mapemphero, kuphatikizapo akathist Petro ndi Paulo.

Kutchuka kwa Atumwi Petro ndi Paulo akunenanso kuti ambiri, omwe ali ndi maina awo mwa anthu Orthodox dziko lathu. Wokwanira kukumbukira khamu la oyera akale ambiri. Pakati pawo, ambiri mu ubatizo, ndi ena ndi malonjezo kumene kumakhala Amonke kapena kupanga maina kwambiri chithunzithunzi dzina Atumwi. mndandanda akhoza anapitiriza mayina a anthu amene achoka chizindikiro awo mu mbiri Russian, komanso anthu ambiri Petro ndi Paulo, ndi moyo wake expanses zedi Russia.

Atumwi wamkulu fano

Ponena za chitukuko ya iconography mafano awa, tisaiwale kuti atumwi oyera Petro ndi Paulo anali ankafotokozedwa Akristu oyambirira zambiri pa makoma a mandawa, kumene iwo anachita kulambira kwawo. Ngakhale zojambula izi khoma anali otsatira a chikhulupiriro chatsopano umodzimodzi ngozi, ndiponso chifukwa chimenechi iwo ankakonda thandizo zizindikiro. Komabe, pali ena frescoes ku nthawi iyi imene Atumwi amapatsidwa bwino chimatanthauza, ofanana lililonse zina chithunzi, amene amalola ofufuza kuwalola kufanana kwenikweni kwa zinachitika m'mbiri. Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito zolembalemba kuti yatsikira kwa ife nthawi imeneyo kutali, anaona kachitidwe yemweyo: ena a iwo ali kufotokoza ofanana kwambiri za maonekedwe a Atumwi.

Atumwi Petro ndi Paulo ku iconography Russian

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kulankhulana Orthodox. Petro ndi Paulo anali oyera mtima amene fano ndithudi anali mmodzi wa zithunzi zopatulika za lililonse kachisi. Childs, chifukwa cha nyimbo zawo anali nzika za New Testament, koma amadziwika ndi zithunzi za ku Mwambo Woyera. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi ambiri mafano kwa Petro ndi Paulo kukumbatirana, kuyang'ana mu maso a wina ndi mzake. Imafotokoza omvera nthawi ya msonkhano wa atumwi Rome atatsala pang'ono kuti aphedwe. Ngati chifaniziro mphete zosinthika ambiri.

Komabe, bwino kuyambira Lazaro wakale analandira chizindikiro chimene mtumwi Petro ndi Paulo anapereka kuima wamtali, pang'ono anatembenukira kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi yakale chizindikiro kusungidwa lero pa St. Sophia Cathedral wa Novgorod. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chomwecho, anabweretsa, malinga ndi nthano, Prince Vladimir wa Korsun, amene tamutchula pamwambapa.

The kukula kufunika kwa mafano utumwi

M'kupita kwa nthawi, mtengo wa zithunzi za Oyera Petro ndi Paulo anawonjezeranso kuti akhale mbali yofunika ya Deesis gawo la iconostasis uliwonse. Iwo wakhala mwambo kuika fano la Mtumwi Petro kumanzere kwa mafano chapakati Yesu Khristu, kamodzi kwa fano la Virigo ndi Arhangela Mihaila, ndi chizindikiro cha Mtumwi Paulo - lamanja, mwachindunji kumbuyo chizindikiro cha Ioanna Krestitelya ndi fano Arhangela Gavriila. Yotchuka kwambiri zithunzi izi ndi zolengedwa Andreya Rublova, zomwe zilipo mu Mfundo Cathedral wa Vladimir.

Kungoyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVII chikoka sukulu European Western chawonjezeka mu iconography Russian. Ikufotokoza zikamera wa nkhani zokhudzana ndi kuphedwa kwa Atumwi. Kale, makhalidwe wawo ndi: Peter - mafungulo a Ufumu wa Kumwamba, koma Paulo - mpukutu - chizindikiro cha nzeru. Tsopano mu manja a Atumwi tikuona iwo anaphedwa zipangizo - Peter - mtanda, Paulo - lupanga. Pali ngakhale mafano maziko yosonyeza zochitika za kuphedwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, anakhazikitsa mwambo wodzipereka kwa misonkhano ya mpingo. Mabuku m'munsili amalonda ikukhudzana makamaka kwa zaka VII-VIII. analembadi awo analembedwa zipilala ya mpingo, ngati kholo la Constantinople Herman ndi St Andrey Kritsky, amene Canon kuwerenga chaka m'masiku a Lenti. Pambali akutchula maina a St. John wa Damasiko ndi Kozma Mayumskogo. Pa msonkhano nthawi anaphedwa akathist Petro ndi Paulo, komanso mavesi wapadera.

Mayina a oyera, moyo imeneyi pa zomangamanga

Mayina a Woyera Petulo ndi Paulo, muyaya moyo imeneyi pa zomangamanga mpingo. Izi N'chimodzimodzinso kwa Russia, ndi m'mayiko a Azungu. Wokwanira kukumbukira waukulu wa Katolika - tchalitchi cha St. Peter ku Rome. Pa chilengedwe cha mpingo uno yaikulu yakale kwambiri yachikristu ntchito ya amisiri kwambiri ndi mapulani. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa: Michelangelo, Raphael, Bramante, Bernini ndi ena ambiri.

Lazaro pa Orthodox mwambo kumanga akachisi polemekeza Petulo ndi Paulo, inayambira masiku a Woyera Prince Vladimir. Amadziwika kuti muulamuliro wake anaonekera pa magombe a Dnieper mpingo woyamba wa Atumwi Petro ndi Paulo, namtsata m'dziko lonse la Russia lalikulu, m'mizinda, m'midzi, ndipo ngakhale midzi yakutali kwambiri zosiyanasiyana anamanga akachisi izi moyo wodzimana uwiri.

Cathedral pa Neva

Cathedral wa St. Peter ndi Paulo ku St. Petersburg lofunika kwambiri pakati pawo. Limatchedwanso Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral. Anamangapo ndi wamanga D. Trizin mu zaka 1712-1733, anakhala m'manda a Russian Tsars. Cathedral ili pa dera la linga, ndi anabzala mu 1703 pa behest a Peter Ine kuteteza m'kamwa mwa Neva ndi zotheka nkhondo ya asilikali a Sweden.

Poyamba, panali mpingo matabwa a Woyera Petulo ndi Paulo. Pamene 1712 anayamba kumanga mpingo mwala, izo ikuchitika m'njira yakuti nyumba yakale anakhalabe labwinobwino m'makoma kumene anamangapo ndi utumiki sanaleke pali nthawi ntchito zonse. Latsopano Cathedral, anamanga kalembedwe Petrine Baroque, anakhala mmodzi wa katswiri wa zomangamanga lero kukometsera mzindawo pa Neva.

Temple mu Sestroretsk

Mu 2009 iye anali opatulidwira anamanga mu mzinda wa St. Petersburg Peter ndi mpingo Paulo. Sestroretsk - yaing'ono achisangalalo tauni likulu kumpoto. Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma XVIII izo apa anamanga mpingo matabwa ulemu wa Atumwi. Pa nthaŵi, m'malo mwa mpingo mwala, amene wasanduka kwambiri mapulani kupambana. Mnthawi kupanduka, iye anawonongedwa, ndipo kokha mkubwela kwa kusintha demokalase anayamba kubwezeretsa ake.

Re yomangidwa ndi odzipereka, Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral (Sestroretsk) ndi chipilala chikumbutso kwa submariners Russian. Popeza kuti inamangidwa pa pamalo pamene Kale Russian namatetule nugget wamba Efim Nikonov, Tsar Peter ine anasonyeza chidali chifuniro chake - sitima zankhondo zam'madzi choyamba. Linasungidwa mu chikumbukiro oyendetsa lero, ndi m'kachisi analenga chikumbutso cha ngwazi za Russian sitima zapamadzi zombo.

Mipingo ya m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana

N'kosatheka kukumbukira awiri kachisi kwambiri inali ku St. Petersburg. Mmodzi wa iwo - kachisi wa Atumwi Petro ndi Paulo pa Medical Academy. Iwo lili Piskaryovsky Avenue. Ndi ena, limene lili mu mtima wa mzindawo Gorokhovaya msewu - ndi mpingo kunyumba ya University Pedagogical dzina la A. I. Gertsena. Onse a iwo anayamba ngakhale pamaso zitasintha, anatsekedwa nthawi Union, ndipo lero ankakhulupirira anatsegula zitseko zake olambira.

M'mizinda yambiri kudutsa dziko tsopano akachisi ulemu a Atumwi Woyera. Ena mwa iwo ndi Moscow, Smolensk, Sevastopol, Karaganda, Barnaul, Ufa ndi ena ambiri. Kupatula Orthodox utumiki wa Petro ndi Paulo, ndi zonse zikuchitika mabungwe a zipembedzo zina Mkhristu. Anthu a likulu Mwachitsanzo, ziri zodziwika bwino kuti kulibe Mulungu anabwezeretsa pambuyo nthawi yovuta milimo ya Lutheran Cathedral wa Woyera Petulo ndi Paulo ku Starosadsky Lane. Wamkulu mpingo wa Katolika anati woyera nthandala mu Veliky Novgorod. Ndipo mndandanda ndi yaitali.

City dzina la mtumwi Petro ndi Paulo

The chikumbukiro cha Atumwi opatulika ndi moyo imeneyi mayina a mizinda ina. Ambiri chidwi mwa iwo - ndi St. Petersburg, dzina la woyang'anira woyera ake - Mtumwi Petro. Idamangidwa mu 1703. Dzina a Atumwi Woyera ndi mzinda wotchedwa ku Far East - Petropavlovsk. Ostrog, amene anakhala mchikuta wake, linakhazikitsidwa ndi Cossacks mu 1697. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuthetsa unakhazikitsidwa padziko umene mzinda unakula.

Petropavlovsk lina lili gawo limene lero limabweretsa Kazakhstan. Poyamba zinali linga asilikali, ataima pa mphambano ya njira malonda kwambiri. Pa nthawi, wataya kufunika asilikali ndi kukhala yaikulu m'dera - pachipata siteshoni Trans-Siberia Railway.

Kupotozedwa kwa mafano utumwi mu chikhalidwe zamakono

Kuyambira kale, Petulo ndi Paulo limakhala khalidwe ngati owonjezera (akukanidwa ndi Mpingo, ndipo sali m'gulu la mabuku a Chipangano Chakale ndi Chipangano Chatsopano), ndi nkhani wotchuka wowerengeka. Anatinso Apostol Potr anadziwana ndi iwo mu zipata zakumwamba klyucharom mnzake wa Yesu Khristu, pamene Iye anawonekera kwa anthu. St. Paul chofanana okhala kumwamba kui. Iye kawirikawiri amatamanda ndi zothandizira mipingo yawo ya moto ndi dzuwa.

Izi zotukwana wowerengeka achilendo Nizam kutanthauzira kwa mafano wopatulika, mwatsoka, yafalikira lero, inachokera ku madera ambiri a chikhalidwe ano. Izi makamaka noticeable mu filimu ndi makanema ojambula. Chifukwa chakuti mtumwi onse pachikhalidwe akuonetsedwa pamodzi, ndi tsiku la chikumbukiro chawo chikondwerero nthawi yomweyo - July 12, Petro ndi Paulo amaphatikizidwa mu chifanizo limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu malingaliro otchuka, onse amaonedwa kukhala woyang'anira woyera wa asodzi, ngakhale kuti yekha Apostol Potr ankachita nawo asodzi. Ndi kupanda chilungamo onse kuzindikira ndi thanthwe limene matchalitchi anamangapo monga mawu a Yesu kokha ntchito kwa Mtumwi Petro.