Ancient Greece: nthano ndi nthano za Trojan mkombero. Trojan nthano mkombero Mwachidule, ziwembu ndi zilembo

Agiriki, ndi Trojan nthano mkombero zatenga malo apadera. Masiku ano amadziwa za nkhani izi makamaka chifukwa epic Homer "The Iliad." Komabe, kale mu m'nthano za chikhalidwe wakale analipo lipoti lonena za Trojan nkhondo. Monga loyenera nthano, nkhani uyu anali ambiri otchulidwa zokhudza chipembedzo ndi milungu.

magwero

Zochitika za Trojan nkhondo , akatswiri olemba mbiri yakale amatchula BC XII atumwi. Pamaso pa mzinda wakale anatulukira ndi ulendo German wa Genriha Shlimana, analinso ankamuona ngati nthano. The ofufuza ku pofuna anadalira osati pa "Iliad," komanso kuti "Cyprus". Izi kutolera inanenedwa osati Troy, komanso chifukwa yomweyo ya nkhondo.

apulo kusagwirizana

Pa ukwati wa Peleus ndi Thetis okhala Olympus anakumana. Ife wotchedwa aliyense kupatulapo Eris. Iwo anali mulungu wa zoopsa ndi ndewu. Iye sakanakhoza kupirira chipongwe chotere ndi kumuponya pa tebulo chikondwerero ndi golide apulo, zomwe wakula mu nymphs nkhalango Hesperides.

Pa chipatso ali chizindikiro woima "wokongola kwambiri." Zikhulupiliro za Trojan mkombero amanena kuti chifukwa anayamba kukangana pakati pa milungu itatu - Aphrodite, Athena ndi Hero. Ndi chifukwa cha chiwembuchi anali atathana okuluwika "apulo kusagwirizana" m'zinenero zambiri za dziko.

Zeus wamkazi anamufunsa kulola mkangano kwawo, okongola kwambiri. Komabe, iye sanayese n'komwe kutchula dzina la thangwi akhafuna kuti izi ndi Aphrodite, pamene Athena anali mwana wake, ndi Gera - mkazi wake. Choncho, Zeus anamuuza kuti Paris kusankha. Iwo anali mwana wa mkulu wa Troy, Priam. Iye anasankha Aphrodite chifukwa iye anamulonjeza chikondi cha mayi iye akufuna.

chinyengo Paris

Okutidwa ndi chithumwa Paris anadza kwa Sparta, komwe anakacheza ku nyumba yachifumu. Iye anagonjetsa Helen - mkazi wa Mfumu Menelaus, amene panthawiyo anali Krete. Paris anathamanga ndi mtsikana kwawo, nthawi yomweyo kutenga golide chuma m'deralo. Zikhulupiliro za Trojan mkombero nkhani zimene chinyengo ogwirizana Ahelene, amene asankha kulengeza nkhondo pa Troy.

Mu asilikali a Helene anali amphamvu ambiri lodziwika bwino. Mutu wa gulu lankhondo la Agamemnon losadziwika. Ndipo panali yekha, Menelaus, Achilles, Odysseus, Philoctetes, Nestor, Palamedes, etc. Ambiri a iwo anali ngwazi - .. Ndiko kuti, ana a milungu ndi zivundi. Mwachitsanzo, uyu anali Achilles. Iye anali wankhondo wangwiro, wopanda zovuta. mfundo yake ofooka kokha chidendene. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali amake - Thetis - logwira mwana pa mwendo, pamene adatchithisira mu ng'anjo ya mulungu Hephaestus, kupereka mwana ndi mphamvu yoposa. N'chifukwa chake anapita mawu akuti "Achilles chidendene", kutanthauza yekha chiopsezo malo.

zaka zambiri kuzinga

Onse ankhondo a Agiriki anali amuna pafupifupi zikwi zana limodzi ndi zombo chikwi. Iwo anapita ndi nyanja ku Boeotia. Pambuyo ankafika bwino Agiriki anapereka Trojans nkhani mtendere. mkhalidwe wawo anali opereka Helen. Komabe, anthu a Troy amakana kupeza mwayi woterewu.

mtsogoleri wawo wamkulu ankaona Hector - mwana wa Priam ndi mbale wa Paris. Iye akhatsogolera anyankhondo a mu kawiri zosakwana wa Achaeans. Koma mbali yake makoma amphamvu kuti palibe amene wakwanitsa kutenga kapena kuwononga. Choncho, pali kanthu katsalira kwa Agiriki, koma kuyamba kuzinga yaitali. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Achilles ndi gawo la asilikali agwidwa oyandikana m'mizinda ya ku Asia. Koma Troy sanafooke, ndi ndendende zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zapita popanda chifukwa mwa asilikali ndipo anatseka misewu. Mwana Anka Enotrofy anathandiza Ahelene kupeza chakudya m'dziko lachilendo. Anatembenuka m'dziko dzinthu, mafuta ndi vinyo, ngati inu mukukhulupirira kuti auze nthano za ku Girisi. Trojan mkombero limatiuza pang'ono za kuzinga yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, Homer Iliad amaganiziranso otsiriza, 41 TH tsiku lake la nkhondo.

Apollo Temberero

asilikali Greek yakhala anatengedwa akaidi amene ntchito kunja kwa Troy. Choncho, mu ukapolo anadza mwana wa Rhys - mmodzi wa ansembe a Apollo. Iye anabwera kwa msasa wa adani, kum'chonderera kuti abwerere mtsikanayo. Poyankha, iye analandira waukali ndiponso kukanidwa. Pamenepo wansembe anafunsa mu nawo udani Apollo chilungamo kubwezera otentheka. Mulungu anatumiza gulu lankhondo la mliri, amene anayamba kutchetcha msilikali akutiakuti.

The Trojans pakumva mdani ameneyu tsokali kunja kwa mzinda, ndipo wokonzeka kumenyana ndi asilikali lotereli. Panthawi otsiriza oimira mbali zonse zimagwirizana kuti mkangano ayenera kuthetsedwa wanthawi duel pakati Menelaus ndi Paris, amene kuchita nakhala chifukwa cha nkhondo. Trojan kalonga anagonjetsedwa, kenako pangano anali kuti anakwaniritsidwa.

Komabe, panthawi yokhala m'modzi wa asilikali anazinga anaponya muvi mumsasa Greek. Unagunda loyamba lotseguka nkhondo pansi pa linga la mzinda. Za mwambo umenewu mwatsatanetsatane nkhani nthano za ku Girisi. The Trojan mkombero zikuphatikizapo imfa ya ngwazi ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Agenor (mkulu mwana wa Troy) anapha Elephenor (mfumu Evbii).

Tsiku loyamba la nkhondo anatsogolera chakuti Agiriki anathamangitsidwa ku msasa wawo. Usiku, iwo anamuzungulira dzenje ndi kukonzekera chitetezo ya. mbali zonse odzipereka kwa dziko lapansi akufa awo. Nkhondo anapitiriza m'masiku awa, chimene akuuza Trojan nthano mkombero. Chidule ndi: waikamo motsogoleredwa ndi Hector amalowerera kuwononga makomo Greek wa msasa, pamene gawo la Agiriki ndi Odysseus amapita kufufuza. Posachedwa nkhondo anagogoda kunja kwa msasa, koma Achaeans zomvetsa anali wamkulu.

imfa ya Patroclus

nthawi yonseyi, Achilles sanatenge gawo mu nkhondo chakuti mtsutso ndi Agamemnon. Anakhalabe pa ngalawa pamodzi ndi Pet Patroclus. Pamene Trojans kudzaza bwalo, mnyamata anakopa Achilles kumulola kupita ku nkhondo ndi mdani. Patroclus ngakhale zida ndi zida za wankhondo lodziwika bwino. Trojans adamtenga Iye, chifukwa Achilles mantha kuyambira kuthawa anabwerera kumzinda. Ambiri a iwo anaphedwa ndi lupanga m'manja mwa ngwazi Greek ya mwezi wa. Koma Hector si wofooka mzimu. Akuyitana pa mulungu Apollo, anapha Patroclus Anatengako lupanga lake la Achilles. Ngwazi za Trojan vuto la nthano zambiri anatembenuka chitukuko chiwembu zosiyana.

Kubweranso kwa Achilles

Imfa ya Patroclus anali mantha kwa Achilles. Iye anamva chisoni kuti nthawi zonse izi zimene zinali kumbali ya nkhondo, ndipo yanjanitsidwani ndi Agamemnon. Hero anaganiza kubwezera imfa ya bwenzi Trojans bwino. Pankhondo imeneyi anapeza Hector namupha. Mtembo wa Achilles mdani womangidwa galimoto yake ndipo anathamangitsa katatu padziko Troy. Wokaika Priam napempha mtembo wa mwana wake dipo yaikulu. Achilles anapereka thupi chosinthana ndi golide, wofanana ake kulemera. Pa mtengo uwu limatiuza Trojan nthano mkombero. Chiwembu yaikulu ndi zonse zokhudzana m'mabuku akale mothandizidwa ndi mafanizo.

Uthenga wa imfa ya Hector, kufalitsa mwamsanga m'dziko lonse la kalelo. Kuthandiza Trojans anabwera wankhondo Amazons ndi asilikali wa ku Aitiopiya. Paris, kubwezera kwa m'bale wake, anawombera Achilles chidendene, kum'pangitsa anamwalira pasanapite nthawi. Trojan lenilenilo monga wolowa anamwalira pambuyo n'kufa ndi Philoctetes. Helen anali mkazi wa m'bale wake Deiphobus. Zikhulupiliro za Trojan mkombero mwatsatanetsatane za zinthu zimenezi modabwitsa.

Trojan kavalo

mbali zonse anataya katundu wolemera. Ndiye Ahelene, powona n'zachabechabe kufuna ake kukalanda mzindawo, kugwiritsa ntchito mwachinyengo. Iwo anamanga yaikulu matabwa kavalo. chiwerengerochi anali dzenje mkati. Pali anabisa ankhondo bravest la Greece, amene tsopano ali kutsogoleredwa ndi Odysseus. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nambala yaikulu ya asilikali Greek kumanzere kwa msasa ndi pa zombo, ananyamuka ulendo ku gombe.

Ndinadabwa Trojans anapita kunja kwa mzinda. Iwo anakumana ndi Sinon, amene analengeza kuti pofuna kusangalatsa milungu, uike kavalo chithunzi pa apakati. Ichi chidachitika. Usiku Sinon anamasulidwa Agiriki chobisika amene anapha asilikali olondera ndipo anatsegula zipata. Mzindawo unawonongedwa ndi maziko ake, ndiyeno sangathe achire. Agiriki anabwerera kwawo. The ulendo wobwerera wa Odysseus maziko a chiwembu cha Homer "Odyssey" wa ndakatuloyi.