Saudi Arabia, Mecca ndi mbiri yawo

Mzinda woyera wa Mecca - mudzi waukulu wa Asilamu padziko lonse. Anthu amene sanena Islam, sangalowe mu izo. Mu Mecca, olemera ndi zokongola mbiri. Wapachaka pakati ulendo.

The adani a Mecca ndi Asilamu

Islam anatuluka mu Arabiya m'zaka za m'ma VII. Mneneri Muhammad, amene anali mtsogoleri wa dera latsopano, ogwirizana gulu lake pansi pa utsogoleri wake. Poyamba anali yaing'ono, kuzungulira amene anali achikunja osiyana kwambiri kum'mawa. The wongosamukasamuka m'chipululu kulambira mafano (ku malo amenewa sanatiuze Chikhristu, amene anali Byzantium ndi Ulaya malo).

mafuko anagawanika. Amene anakhalabe akunja, Asilamu anamaliza kanthawi Mtendere. The Arabiya lidagawikana. Pachithunzichi analibe ufulu kuonekera mu dera la Asilamu. Komabe, mgwirizano akhala linaphwanya, ndiye Mneneri Muhammad anatsogolera gulu lake Mecca. Izi zinachitika m'chaka cha 630. City alibe kubzikhotcera.

zotsalira za mzinda

Apa panali Al-kaaba, amene anali kachisi yaikulu ya Asilamu. Nyumba iyi mu mawonekedwe a kyubu ndi analengedwa mu nthawi zachikunja. Akukhulupirira kuti inamangidwa ndi angelo anthu kulambira Mulungu.

kachisi anamangidwa pa maziko nsangalabwi. Aliyense ngodya zake limafanana ndi imodzi mwa mbali ya kuwala. Asilamu, mosasamala kanthu za komwe amakhala, nthawi zonse kupemphera kwa Mecca. Al-kaaba ndi opangidwa ndi nsangalabwi, pamwamba pake nthawi zonse curtained silika wakuda.

gawo la Caliphate

Mzinda woyera zosiyanasiyana limati, atsopano amene ali Saudi Arabia. Mecca sanachitepo likulu boma kuti alibe mbiri kufunika kwake.

Pambuyo anagonjetsedwa ndi Asilamu m'zaka za m'ma VII, kuzungulira Arabiya wakula Caliphate yaikulu. Iye ogwirizana Aluya amene Islamized Africa North ndi Spain kumadzulo ndi Aperisiya kum'mawa.

Likulu la pokhapokhapo anali woyamba ku Damasiko, ndiyeno - mu Baghdad. Komabe Mecca anakhalabe ndi likulu la Islam. Chaka chilichonse anapita okhulupirira kuti agwire Hajj. mzinda wopatulika wa Medina anakhala Asilamu omwe si kutali Mecca. Kumeneko Muhammad moyo.

Mecca nthawizonse wakhala ali pa mtima wa dziko Arab, kotero kawirikawiri anachitira chipwirikiti cha ndale ndi nkhondo malire. Komabe, atayamba kuukira. Mwachitsanzo, mu X atumwi izo anagonjetsa Carmathians - zigawenga mpatuko. Iwo anaonekera Bahrain ndipo sanazindikire ndiye mzera wa pokhapokhapo - ndi Fatimids. Kuukira Mecca m'chaka 930 anali anadabwa wangwiro amwendamnjira ambiri. Nkhondo anaba Black Stone, amene anali wokwera ku Al-kaaba (ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zotsalira za Asilamu). Komanso, Carmathians ankachitika ku mbanda weniweni. bokosilo anali anabwerera ku Mecca zaka makumi awiri okha patapita (iye analipira dipo yaikulu).

Mu mochedwa Ages Middle pano, komanso mu silika Road ndi ku Ulaya, nthenda ili m'kati. Anaphedwa ku Mecca anali mbali yaing'ono chabe ya anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi mliri Makoswe.

Mu ulamuliro Turkey

Pofika m'zaka XVI Aluya ataya pafupifupi onse m'gawo anagonjetsa pa nthawi ya Caliphate. Tonga malo mwa Asilamu anasamukira ku Turkey, amene 1453 anagwidwa Constantinople - likulu la Ufumu wa Byzantium. Inde, Sunnis ndikufuna kulamulira, ndipo mzinda wopatulika wa Asilamu.

Mu 1517 Mecca potsiriza anagonjera ku Turkey ndipo anakhala mbali ya Ufumu wa Ottoman, amene anatambasula ku Balkans malire a Perisiya. Wogonera mu Mecca kwa zaka zochepa aiwala za zotsutsana ndi mikangano ndi anansi. Komabe, Arab dziko kayendedwe anayamba kufika pambuyo Ottoman zambiri kumizidwa zakanika. M'zaka za m'ma XIX mzinda kwa zaka zingapo wakhala wotanganidwa ndi emirs lapansi.

Aluya atengenso mzinda

Nkhonyayo komaliza kwa ulamuliro Turkey ku Mecca chidachitika pa First World nkhondo. The Ottoman anathandiza Kaiser ndi Germany. Entente chinamugunda iye kuvulala akuluakulu angapo, kenako dziko unatha. Yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko imeneyi nyimbo ndi Briton Tomás Lourens. Iye anatha kukakamiza Arabia kazembe Hussein nkhokwe Ali anapandukira wa Ottoman. Izi zinachitika mu 1916. opandukawo Arab anapambana, koma anafa Mecca masauzande ambirimbiri. Choncho mkhalidwe Hejaz, likulu umene unali mzinda woyera.

kachiwiri lonse Arabiya anamukwiyira olamulidwa ndi Aluya, amene kwa zaka zambiri anayesa kumanga pano boma khola. Inamangidwa kuzungulira mafumu Saudi. Iwo anakwanitsa kugwirizanitsa ndi maukulu anabalalika. Choncho Saudi Arabia anatuluka mu 1932. Mecca wakhala umodzi mwa mizinda yake yaikulu. likulu zinamulimbikitsa Riyadh. Mzinda wa Makka ndi Medina analinso mtendere. Pano, monga masiku akale, aulendo anayamba kufika.

Hajj ndi Mecca

Saudi Arabia (Mecca ndi mzinda wa dziko) chaka amalandira ochokera konsekonse mdziko. Ense mu Muslim ayenera kamodzi pa moyo kupita ku Mecca pa Hajj - Haji ku malo oyera, kuphatikizapo Al-kaaba. Kuseri kwa izi zonse, Saudi Arabia akutsatira kwambiri. Mecca pa Hajj zimatetezedwa ndi changu chisamaliro.

Mwatsoka, ngakhale izi sikokwanira kuti apewe mavuto. Choncho, monga posachedwapa monga 2015, panabuka nyamazo amene anapha anthu 2 miliyoni. masoka zimenezi zikuchitika chifukwa cha yachuluka kwambiri. The Hajj anatumiza zikwi wogonera, ndipo kawirikawiri alibe malo bungwe. Nyamazo ku Mecca - chochitika si kawirikawiri. Nthawi ngati zimenezi zinachitikadi. Pamene otsiriza a iwo anali makamaka kwambiri mwa anthu ochokera kumpoto Africa, omwe ndi mwambo ndi ambiri Muslim. Nyamazo ku Mecca mu 2015 anadabwa dziko.