Amene zolandilira zili khungu. kapangidwe ndi ntchito zawo

Mu thupi khungu kukhala ndi okwana padziko dera 1.5 mamita ² ndi 2.5 mamita ^2, operably zogwirizana ziwalo mkati ndi kuonetsa udindo wawo ngati zinthu zachilendo ndipo pathological. Ndi zovuta dongosolo atatu wosanjikiza, lili molekezera mitsempha, zotchedwa khungu zolandilira kuzindikira zimene zikuchitika ku malo akunja. Nkhaniyi itithandiza yesani kuyankha mafunso angapo. Amene zolandilira zili khungu? Dongosolo lawo ndi ntchito? Kodi zimachitika pakati pa thupi ndi chilengedwe integuments zinthu.

Amene zolandilira zili khungu

Anatomy ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa akuphunzira osati kachitidwe yaikulu ya thupi, koma kwa iwo amene zolandilira zili khungu. Biology (kalasi 8) anafotokoza morphological ndi zinchito mbali ya dongosolo chogwirika sensa, zochokera limatchula za kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo a khungu, kumaphatikizapo.

Mu zolandilira khungu ndi a mitundu itatu: mechanoreceptors thermoreceptors ndi nociceptors (ululu). Yotsirizira ili nthawi zambiri mwa khungu - wosanjikiza kunja kwa khungu, wopangidwa mwa epithelium ili mizere angapo. The kumtunda kwa stratum ndi exfoliated ndi m'malo likuvutika zigawo m'munsi. Mu anthu, khungu pafupifupi kwathunthu kusinthidwa mu mwezi.

Woyamba mitundu iwiri - mechanoreceptors ndi thermoreceptors - munali anthu ambiri mu dermis kapena khungu yokha, mu wosanjikiza minofu connective muli onse a zanyengo structural, kuphatikizapo magazi ndi lymph ziwiya, tsitsi ndi zopangitsa matumba.

Cholandilira ntchito ya khungu

khungu anthu amagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika, mmodzi amene ndi lilime. Ndi chifukwa zophimba thupi ndi lilime munda, umene amapereka chapakati mantha dongosolo monga zokhudza kusintha kwa khungu palokha, ndipo mmene zikuchitika lapansi. Yogwira mfundo thupi kugwirizana ndi madera ena a ubongo, ndipo kupyolera mwa iwo ndi dongosolo la minofu ndi mafupa ndi ziwalo.

zolandilira khungu ndi ena kuposa gawo zotumphukira wa chowunikira musculocutaneous, amene mulinso misempha onyamula malemeredwe mbali ya maselo ndi malo ku ubongo ili thunthu gawo ake. Monga tanenera poyamba, kwa maselo a chowunikira khungu ili mwa khungu ndi khungu yokha. Kapangidwe awo ndi ntchito zimafanana.

Mwachitsanzo, chogwirika zolandilira - Meissner corpuscles, ndi zolembera zomwe kudziwa liwiro ndikukhudzana ndipo zili mwa khungu, ndi ng'ombe Pachchini amene kwambiri dermis ndi udindo kusintha mathamangitsidwe wa zikuchitika chogwirika. Khalidwe kutengeka kumadalira osati kokha zotani zolandilira pakhungu kuona mmene malo zakunja komanso pafupipafupi nzothandiza lapansi. Ngati izo ndi za kwa nthawi yaitali zonse, pali kumverera kwa kuthamanga pamene likukulira ntchito - kukhudza ndi mkulu mphamvu ya kusintha mlingo nzothandiza - kugwedera zotengeka.

Chotsikitsitsa pakhomo khalidwe la zolandilira khungu ili pa nsonga ya lilime, milomo, apamwamba - pa mosavuta, ndi makhwatha, m'makwinya a mkati mwa elbows, ndi kuloŵa apamwamba ali m'mimba khungu, mapazi ndi kumbuyo.

Katundu zolandilira kutentha

Kutentha zolandilira yachibadwa kulamulira mlingo wa kagayidwe kachakudya zochita homeostasis. Iwo ili m'makoma mitsempha ndi kupereka kutentha lamulo - kugwirizanitsa kutentha kutengerapo njira homeothermic zikakhala ndi zonse thupi kutentha. Choncho, anatengera wosanjikiza ndi zamoyo zimadalira zimene zolandilira zili mu khungu ndi momwe mwamsanga iwo chizindikiro kusintha chilengedwe.

The kulunjika wa nociceptors

Kuphunzira nkhani, amene zolandilira zili mu khungu, chingakhale chosakwanira ngati ife analibe peculiarities wa kapangidwe ka maselo ululu. Mosiyana ndi malonda mankhwala, bwino kupereka kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse kuchotsa ululu, tiona kuti kupweteka uku ndiko kuyankha kuteteza thupi, kusonyeza iye zowopseza angathe. Nociceptors ndi mawonekedwe a single mathero nthambi mitsempha, poona zosiyanasiyana kwambiri amphamvu zikuchitika kutentha, kuthamanga, ozizira. kuchuluka wamkulu ali fingerpads, ndi periosteum, ndi makoma magazi chotengera mu ubongo arachnoid.

Ululu angathe kuchizidwa monga mawonekedwe a maganizo chogwirika, kotero ndikofunika samangokhala nacho zolandilira ili mu khungu, komanso mmene iwo kulabadira zimene zikuchitika amphamvu. Kumverera kwa zowawa kuoneka ngati kumverera zotengera malingaliridwe kufotokoza zimene zili mu chikhalidwe makamaka zoipa psycho-maganizo. Iwo chikwiyire ndi zikuchitika yeniyeni kusonkhezera modality imalandira.

Nkhaniyi takambirana mbali structural ndi ntchito za maselo a khungu.