Unicellular algae: mbali structural. Oimira algae unicellular

Dziko m'madzi wakhala anakopeka munthu nzeru zake, kukongola zachitika zosiyanasiyana unexplored zinsinsi. Nyama Amazing, zomera zidzasintha zamitundu yosiyanasiyana - zonse zamoyo ovuta musatisiye aliyense osayanjanitsika. Kuwonjezera pa maso owoneka a mitundu yaikulu ya zomera, palinso kakang'ono, lowonekeratu yekha pansi maso, koma kuti sasiya kufunika ndi tanthauzo mu zotsalira zazomera okwana nyanja. Izi zokhala ndi selo imodzi algae. Ngati inu kutenga makope onse a organic kwaiye zomera m'madzi yotulutsa ambiri ndi iwo, tizilombo timeneti ndi chodabwitsa.

Ndere: makhalidwe ambiri

Ambiri, algae - ndi zomera Subkingdom wotsika. Iwo ali gulu la pa chifukwa chakuti thupi lawo si kusiyanitsidwa ziwalo, ndipo zinali mosalekeza (nthawizina kuligaŵa) Thallus kapena Thallus. M'malomwake, mizu ali Tazimeretsa ubwenzi gawo lapansi mu rhizoids mawonekedwe.

Gulu la zinthu ndi lalikulu kwambiri, osiyanasiyana mu mtundu ndi kapangidwe, moyo ndi zinyama. Pali zigawo zotsatirazi za banja:

• wofiira;
• zofiirira;
• wobiriwira;
• golide;
• diatoms;
• cryptophytae;
• lachikasu wobiriwira;
• euglenophytes;
• dinoflagellate.

Aliyense wa m'madipatimenti awa akhoza wapangidwa algae zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi oimira Thallus multicellular. Mitundu zotsatirazi zamoyo zimapezekanso:

• atsamunda;
• filamentous;
• The momasuka;
• Ufumuyo ndi ena.

Zizindikiro kwa gulu mungapeze ambiri. Mmodzi wa determinants zofunika kwambiri zopindulitsa - njira kuyamwa mphamvu. Oimira wobiriwira unicellular algae ndi autotrophs zonse, zamoyo zambiri multicellular a m'kalasi lomwelo ndi kusunga dzuwa. Komabe, pali heterotrophic, mixotrophic ndipo ngakhale mitundu parasitic.

Tidzaphunzira zambiri za zamoyo dongosolo, umoyo ndi kubalana wa oimira anali tating'ono yoperekedwa kwa magulu osiyanasiyana algae. Amayang'anitsitsa udindo wawo chilengedwe ndi moyo wa anthu.

mbali kandalama wa algae unicellular

ndi mbali zenizeni zimene zingathe zamoyo timeneti kulibe chiyani? Choyamba, ngakhale ali chimodzi chokha selo, koma amagwira ntchito zonse zofunika za chamoyo lonse:

• kukula;
• chitukuko;
• zakudya;
• kupuma;
• kubalana;
• zoyenda;
• Kugawilidwa kwanthaka.

Komanso, izi zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi chibadidwe mbali ya irritability.

Pa kapangidwe ake mkati zimaonetsa zokhala ndi selo imodzi algae, akhoza kudabwa ofufuza nawo alibe. Kapangidwe chomwecho ndi organelles ndi maselo kuti kwambiri kwambiri anayamba zamoyo. Selo casing amatha kuyamwa chinyezi ozungulira, motero, thupi akhoza m'madzi. Ichi chizathandiza algae kuthetsa zambiri amasiyana, osati mwa nyanja, nyanja ndi matupi zina madzi, komanso pa dziko.

ndi zinthu majini a phata ndi mamembala onse, kupatulapo buluu wobiriwira algae, amene anapangitsa prokaryotic. Komanso m'gulu la organelles muyezo selo zifunika:

• mitochondria;
• cytoplasm;
• endoplasmic reticulum;
• Golgi zida;
• lysosomes;
• ribosomes;
• pakati selo.

Mbali ali pamaso pa plastid munali pigment makamaka (wotchedwa chlorophyll, xanthophyll, phycoerythrin, etc). Komanso chidwi n'chakuti zokhala ndi selo imodzi algae akhoza kusuntha momasuka mu ndime madzi kudzera michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Komabe, si mitundu yonse. Palinso amagwira kwa mawonekedwe gawo lapansi.

Kufalitsa ndi malo

Chifukwa cha kukula yaing'ono ndi zina mbali structural, zokhala ndi selo imodzi algae anatha kufalitsa padziko lonse. Ya anthu:

• madzi;
• nyanja ndi nyanja;
• dambo;
• pamwamba pa miyala, mitengo, miyala;
• m'chigwa kumalo ozizira yokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa ndi matalala;
• m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera.

Kodi iwo basi sichingapezeke! Choncho, nostokovye algae unicellular zitsanzo za buluu wobiriwira kapena cyanobacteria - okhala Madzi oundana Antarctica. Chifukwa zikuchokera inki osiyana, zamoyo izi Modabwitsa chokongoletsedwa ndi malo achisanu. Iwo Madontho chisanu mu pinki, wofiirira, zobiriwira, wofiirira, buluu mitundu, amene, ndithudi, zikuwoneka zabwino kwambiri.

Green unicellular algae zitsanzo za zimene zingawachititse kuti: chlorella trentepohlia, chlorococcum, pleurococcus - moyo padziko mitengo, kuphimba makungwa awo wobiriwira ❖ kuyanika. Iwo amapanga kugula mtundu womwewo wa pamwamba pa miyala, wosanjikiza pamwamba pa madzi, dziko ovuta ndi malo ena. Iwo ali gulu la pansi kapena mlengalenga algae.

Ambiri, oimira algae unicellular ali ponseponse, tangozindikirani iwo zimatheka ndi maso a. Mu madzi, mpweya, padziko, dziko lapansi, zomera ndi nyama amakhala ofiira, wobiriwira ndi golide algae, ndi cyanobacteria.

Kubereka ndi moyo

Za moyo wa Seaweed ayenera kunena nkhani iliyonse. Anthu ena amakonda tiwolokere momasuka madzi, kupanga phytobenthos. Mitundu ina ya nyama anaika m'thupi, kuchita nawo ubwenzi symbiotic. Ena Ufumuyo gawo lapansi ndi mawonekedwe madera ndi filaments.

Koma chulutsa algae unicellular - zoterezi mwa anthu oimira onse. Izi ndi wabwinobwino vegetative magawano awiri, mitosis. The ndondomeko kugonana chosowa kwambiri ndipo okha m'mikhalidwe chowawa aliko.

Asexual kubalana yafupika siteji yotsatira.

1. Kukonzekera. Selo limakula ndi chimafotokozera, amasonkhana zakudya.
2. Kuchepetsa organelle kayendedwe (michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana).
3. The DNA kugawanika ndondomeko akuyamba ndi munthawi yomweyo mapangidwe a constriction yopingasa.
4. Centromere zinthu majini lidakali kwa mizati osiyana.
5. Padding usanatseke, ndipo selo ukugawa awiri.
6. Cytokinesis limapezeka nthawi imodzi ndi njira zonse izi.

Zotsatira - mwana maselo atsopano zofanana ndi kholo la. Amala kumanga mbali akusowa thupi ndi kuyamba wodziimira moyo, kukula ndi chitukuko. Choncho, unicellular toyesa moyo mkombero limayamba komanso limatha ndi kugawa bwino.

mbali kandalama wa wobiriwira unicellular algae

Mbali yaikulu - wolemera wobiriwira mtundu, amene ndi khungu. Iye anafotokoza kuti monga mbali ya plastid pigment wotchedwa chlorophyll umalamulira. N'chifukwa chake zinthu izi amatha photosynthesis, kubala organic kwa iye yekha. Izi kwakukulukulu anafotokoza iwo pansi apamwamba zomera.

Komanso, zochitika structural wa wobiriwira unicellular algae ndi zotsatira malamulo ambiri.

1. Yopuma michere - wowuma.
2. organelle ili ngati chloroplast ndi wazunguliridwa ndi Kakhungu iwiri yomwe imapezeka mu zomera apamwamba.
3. Pofuna kulimbikitsa ntchito michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, acheya kapena mamba. Pangakhale kwa mmodzi mpaka 6-8.

N'zoonekeratu kuti Kapangidwe ka wobiriwira unicellular algae zimawachititsa wapadera kwambiri kwa oimira mwadongosolo mitundu lapansi.

Amene ali dipatimenti imeneyi? Oimira wotchuka:

• chlamydomonas;
• Volvox;
• chlorella;
• pleurococcus;
• euglena zobiriwira;
• akrosifoniya ndi ena.

Tiyeni tikambirane zina mwa zinthu izi.

chlamydomonas

Amenewa amanena za woimira dipatimenti imeneyi, monga wobiriwira algae zokhala ndi selo imodzi. Chlamydomonas - ndi makamaka madzi oyera chamoyo ndi zina dongosolo la. Iwo amakhala ndi phototaxis zabwino (kayendedwe kwa kuwala gwero), chifukwa kukhalapo pa kumaso kwa photosensitive maselo eyelet.

Udindo zamoyo Chlamydomonas kuti ndi limapanga mpweya pa dzuwa, lofunika chakudya chodalirika ziweto. Komanso, izi ndi ndere chimayambitsa "ukufalikira" matupi madzi. Maselo ndi mosavuta kuphunzitsidwa zinthu yokumba, kotero kusankha Chlamydomonas chibadwa chinthu kafukufuku ndi zasayansi zatsopano.

chlorella

Unicellular algae Chlorella imanenanso kuti Dipatimenti wobiriwira. kusiyana Aika ena onse amene ali ndi moyo yekha mu madzi, koma ulibe michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana selo. mphamvu photosynthesis amalola ntchito chlorella monga gwero la mpweya danga (pa zombo, miyala).

Mkati mwa selo lili akonzedwa wapadera wa zakudya ndi mavitamini kuti kupanga ndere izi chikuzika ngati chakudya kwa ziweto. Ngakhale munthu kudya kudya zingakhale opindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa 50% ya mapuloteni mu kapangidwe kake apamwamba mu mtengo mphamvu ya mbewu zambiri. Komabe, monga chakudya cha anthu, ndi komabe anagwira pa.

Koma chlorella lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito bwinobwino chifukwa kwachilengedwenso ayeretsedwa ndi madzi. Penyani ichi chamoyo akhoza kukhala mu kapu chidebe ndi madzi patsogolo. Pa makoma anapanga ❖ kuyanika poterera wobiriwira. Izi chlorella.

euglena wobiriwira

Unicellular algae ndi euglena wobiriwira, m'dziko la euglenophytes dipatimenti. Zachilendo, elongated ndi mapeto zisonga za mawonekedwe thupi tikutero ena. Lilinso ndi kuwala tcheru diso ndi michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana ndi kayendedwe yogwira. Choona chidwi n'chakuti euglena - mixotrophy. Iwo akhoza zoyendetsedwa sakanikira, koma nthawi zambiri akupereka ndondomeko ya photosynthesis.

Kwa nthawi yaitali panali mikangano za amayanjana wa chamoyo kuti ufumu. Malinga ndi zina zimaonetsa chinyama, pa zina - mbewu. Iwo umakhala mu madzi owonongeka wa zatsalira organic.

pleurococcus

Izi anamaliza zamoyo wobiriwira kuti moyo pa miyala lapansi, mwala, nkhuni. Kupanga bluish-wobiriwira patina pa pamalo. Adzaupereka kwa banja Hetoforovye wobiriwira algae Division.

pleurococcus kuti akhoza kuyenda mu nkhalango, monga izo zikukhazikitsa okha kumpoto kwa mitengo.

diatoms

Ndere ndi unicellular diatom mitundu ndi zonse zokhudzana ndi izo. Pamodzi iwo apanga diatoms, amene ali osiyana chidwi Mbali. Pamwamba pa khungu yokutidwa ndi wokongola unatengera chipolopolo, limene chitsanzo cha salt zachilengedwe pakachitsulo ndipo okusayidi ake. Nthawi zina dongosolo chotere zosaneneka kuti zikuwoneka ngati izi ena dongosolo mapulani kapena zojambula yakulenga ya chithunzicho.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, oimira diatoms akufa zimapanga madipoziti wapatali miyala, amene ntchito ndi munthu. Monga mbali ya selo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi xanthophylls, choncho mtundu wa awa algae golide. Iwo ndiwo chakudya wapatali nyama za m'madzi, chifukwa chakuti iwo amapanga mbali yaikulu ya zomera ndi.

wofiira algae

Ndi mitundu, ndi mtundu umene umasiyana kuwala kofiira kuti lalanje ndi amtundu wina. Monga mbali ya selo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi inki zina zimene ziletsa chlorophyll. Tili ndi chidwi chofuna algae wofiira, mitundu unicellular.

Kwa gulu ili kalasi bangievyh algae, amene limapangidwa za mitundu 100. Awa, mbali yaikulu imakhala zokhala ndi selo imodzi. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi predominance wa carotenes ndi xanthophylls, phycobilins wa chlorophyll. Ikufotokoza oimira kupenta dipatimenti. Pali zingapo zamoyo ambiri mwa unicellular wofiira algae:

• porfiridium.
• hrootetse.
• geotrihum.
• asterotsitis.

Malo chachikulu - nyanja ndi m'madzi madzi M'madera a zitunda kotentha. Mu kotentha, ndi n'kukhala kwambiri.

Porfiridium

Penyani anthu unicellular algae a mitundu, ndipo aliyense angathe. Iwo apanga ofiira ngati magazi filimu pansi makoma ndi pamalo ena yonyowa. zolengedwa Yekhayekha kawirikawiri, makamaka amasonkhana mu madera atazunguliridwa ndi ntchofu.

Man ntchito kuphunzira njira monga dzuwa mu unicellular ndi mapangidwe tinthu polysaccharide mwa zamoyo.

Hrootetse

ndere Iyi ndi unicellular ndi wa Dipatimenti ya wofiira, kalasi bangievyh. zimasiyanitsa Aika Mbali - ndi mapangidwe mucous "miyendo" angagwirizanitse kwa gawo lapansi ndi. N'zochititsa chidwi izi "mwendo" thupi mwina upambana kukula kwa pafupifupi 50 nthawi. Ntchofu amapangidwa ndi selo yokha mu ndondomeko ya moyo.

Zikukhazikitsa thupi ili pa dothi komanso kupanga chooneka wofiira ❖ kuyanika, poterera kuti kukhudza.