Zotanuka ndi inelastic kufunika, mfundo elasticity

Kuuza - izi ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu amene ogula ndi ofunitsitsa kugula pa mitengo panopa pa nthawi. Pakati pa kufunika kwa chinthu cha ndipo mtengo wake pali ubale zotsatirazi: apamwamba a mtengo, ndi ochepa chiwerengero cha anthu ogula ofunitsitsa kugula izo - ndi mosemphanitsa. kudalira limeneli limatchedwa "lamulo la ankafuna".

Komabe, chuma ndi ofufuza si kokwanira kuneneratu yaikulu kuchuluka anafuna kusintha mitengo panopa. chofunika kwambiri ndi digiri ya kusintha zimenezi. Mphamvu zimene kusintha anthu, malingana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, amatchedwa "elasticity wa kufunika". mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya elasticity amenewa: mtengo, mtanda elasticity ndalama. Mtundu uliwonse wa mbali.

Price elasticity chimasonyeza bwanji kufunika imasiyana malingana kusinthasintha mtengo, ndipo anasonyeza mwa mawu a koyefishienti wa elasticity :

Mkonzi = (ΔQ / Q): (ΔP / P), kumene

ΔQ / Q - kusintha kuchuluka kwa katundu anagula,

ΔP / P - kusintha mu mtengo wa mankhwala.

Komanso kuyeza elasticity wa kufunika kuchita masamu ngati kuchuluka:

Mkonzi =% Q /% P, kumene

% Q - kuchuluka kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa anthu,

% P - kuchuluka kuchuluka kapena kuchepa mitengo.

chiŵerengero izi zikusonyeza kusintha atawalamula, ngati mtengo wa katundu zingawonjezere kapena kuchepa ndi 1%.

elasticity Cross, nayenso amadziwika mlingo kudalira wa kufunika kwa mankhwala oyamba, malingana ndi kusinthasintha mu mtengo wina. Chilinganizo cha chizindikiro ichi chiri motere:

Eab = (ΔQa / Qa): (ΔPb / PB), kumene

ΔQa / Qa - kusintha mu kufunika kwa mankhwala oyamba ndi,%;

ΔPb / PB - kusintha mtengo wa wachiwiri mankhwala b,%.

Ndalama elasticity ofanana ndi elasticity wa mtengo, koma chinthu chimodzi ndi kulimbikitsa mlingo wa kufunika, tsopano ndi mtengo ndalama.

EI = (ΔQ / Q): (ΔI / I), mmene

ΔQ / Q - kusintha mu chiwerengero cha katundu anagulitsa,

ΔI / I - kusintha wachibale mlingo wa ndalama.

Malinga koyefishienti analandira wa elasticity n'kopanda zotsatirazi mitundu:

1. Mkonzi = 0.

Pankhaniyi, ife inelastic mwamtheradi akumufuna. Zero koyefishienti mtengo zikutanthauza kuti kusinthasintha mtengo sizikukhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu anagula. Monga ulamuliro, ndi mankhwala ofunika kwambiri monga insulin.

2. Mkonzi <1.

Ngati mtengo uli mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0 1, zikutanthauza kufunika inelastic. Choncho, kuchuluka mtengo adzakhala zimaonekera ofooka malonda. Ngati olimba wasankha kuchepetsa malire pa katundu ndi kufunika inelastic, mmalo mwa kuchuluka amafunika malonda izo adzalandira kuchepa ndalama. Chitsanzo cha mankhwala ndi kufunika inelastic, ndi zakudya ndi zinthu zofunikira.

3. Mkonzi = 1.

Pamene unit elasticity kusintha mtengo sikungawononge kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Ndi mu nkhani iyi kukula pazipita. Chitsanzo ndi kufunika kwa zosiyanasiyana ntchito kayendedwe, omwe amamuchititsa zosiyanasiyana mofanana ndi mosinthasintha mitengo.

4. Mkonzi> 1.

Zotanuka anthu, potsata kwenikweni pa kusinthasintha mtengo. Makampani kuti kugulitsa katundu zimenezi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa mitengo ya katundu wawo, chifukwa kuonjezera ndalama kuchokera zogulitsa.

5. Mkonzi = ∞.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti amafuna mankhwala amakhala ndi kusinthasintha mtheradi. Ndi mitengo khola ndi kusintha nthawi ndi kufunika kwa mankhwala amenewa. Chitsanzo cha mankhwala oterewa atha kutumikira ngati zapamwamba.

Pa kufunika zotanuka ndi inelastic ndi zinthu mosiyana. Ofunika kwambiri awa:

• Chiwerengero cha okhala m'malo mwa mankhwala. Ngati mankhwala ali zambiri mmalo zabwino, ndi elasticity adzakhala mkulu;

• gawo mankhwala chuma wogula a. Kudalira mwachindunji njila: apamwamba chiwerengero, apamwamba elasticity ndi;

• kufunika kwa mankhwala kwa ogula - ngati katundu kapena chuma mwanaalirenji ndi mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku. Inde, kufunika kwa katundu apamwamba kwambiri zotanuka;

• nthawi china. Wogula ali ndi nthawi yayikulu, ndi apamwamba elasticity lapansi.