Zopumira ndi chiyani? Zopumira malamulo. Chongani zopumira

Kwa zaka zoposa chimodzi anapanga mfundo iliyonse ya zizindikiro zopumira, ndipo amapanga m'mbali kuti zopumira amenewa. Zitsanzo zonse zinalephereka ndiye anasankhidwa ndi wapamtima dwi mu prose.

zopumira n'chiyani, ndipo kodi malamulo zofunika?

Ndi lingaliro ili, onse anakumana mu nthawi sukulu. Koma ngati wina akhoza tsopano bwino kuyankha funso la chimene ali zopumira? Pakuti munthu wamba mokwanira kudziwa kuti malamulo a mayikidwe a zopumira. Taganizirani ofunikira kwambiri amene mukufuna bwezerani pa maphunziro kusukulu ndi kuligonjetsa chidziwitso m'munsi.

Zonse ankaphunzitsa ku sukulu imeneyo, mu mapeto a chiganizo ndi akufotokoza ganizo lonse. Koma pali kuchotserapo. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani chiganizo chotsatirachi: "Iye adapenya manja a envelopu wina. White. Anayi. Zovuta kuzimvetsa. "

Tikayang'ana kapangidwe ka maganizo izi, ndipo mfundo zonse (kupatula otsiriza) akhoza m'malo ndi mipatuliro. Chifukwa wolemba anayamba kuika mfundo pano? Koma kuziyika izo yeniyeni, mfundo aikidwa osati pamene ganizo itha maganizo, komanso ngati omwe Mlembi amakhulupirira kuti anati zonse ndimafuna. Ngakhale izi, malinga ndi mfundo kuika ina, kumapeto kwa ziganizo. Ngati wolemba amaika mfundo m'ma chiganizo, ziri basi ufulu wake. Pogwira mawu Komabe, si kusokoneza lemba, ziribe kanthu zomwe kafukufuku anasonyeza zopumira. Taganizirani malamulo ena.

Madontho ndi malamulo zopumira

Loyang'ana za mfundo - ndi madontho. chilemba ichi zopumira aikidwa, ngati kupereka si anamaliza kapena kusiya. Pankhaniyi, mungathe ndi anapitiriza anu unsaid. "Kodi mungafotokoze poponyatnee, madam ..."

chilemba ichi zopumira tanthauzo, pamene onse zikunenedwa ndi ayi, mwinamwake, pa kusinkhasinkha, wolemba anawonjezera chinachake. "Mu dipatimenti ... koma ndi bwino kuitana imene dipatimenti." (N. V. Gogol)

makhalidwe onse ndi dontho - incompleteness ndi njakata angagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi kapena payekhapayekha. madontho wina zimenezi zikusonyeza akusowa mawu m'ziganizo.

Funso ndi mawu akuti zizindikiro

Ngati inu akukhala pa chizindikiro cha funso, malamulo zopumira amati nayenso zosiyana kwambiri za kufunika kwa mfundo, koma pang'ono mosiyana. Ngati mfundoyo akulengeza kumalizidwa kwa ganizo, chilemba funso amafuna yankho. The Russian chinenero kulankhula , malinga ndi chilemba ichi zopumira ali ndi ena intonation ndi funso mawu. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani zotsatirazi: "Kodi chimachitika kwa iye monga iye ankaganiza momwe amamvera Kodi mukufuna kuyesa ine, kapena kwenikweni sangathe kukhululukira Iye sangakhoze kunena chirichonse chimene iye amaganizira, mmene amaonera, kapena akufuna kufooketsa izo ????? iye, kapena anamukwiyitsa? "

Ngati wolemba ayika mapeto a chilango si mfundo, ndi chizindikiro mawu akuti, zikutanthauza kuti mawu awa ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri za iye. Choncho, ntchito chizindikiro ndi mawu akuti, malinga ndi malamulo a zopumira, ndi mwapadera pa ntchito mfundo, dontho ndi chizindikiro funso: "chabwino, chimwemwe changa, chimwemwe changa ndi lalifupi"

koma

Kuika koma m'chiganizo, wolemba ananena kuti silinakwaniritsidwe anamaliza ndipo adzakhala anapitiriza. Koma zotsutsana ndi mfundo komanso ellipsis, chifukwa maganizo alibe itatha mwadala linasokonekera. Ndi mipatuliro zogwirizana mu gawo lonse la pempholo, apanga wolemba. Choncho si kwambiri chizindikiro zopumira alekanitsa kapena akupanga ngati chili ndi mawu mu tanthauzo malemba.

Kuwonjezera zopumira wolunjika N'zosatheka mipatuliro, mwachitsanzo: ". Mukutanthauza chiyani, bwana, yamphamvu wako sali konse woseketsa"

semicolon

Zotsatirazi zopumira chizindikiro, amene tiona - ndi semicolon. Iwo kumlingo ndi n'chimodzimodzi ndi mfundo, ndi mfundo ndi zina zotsutsana ndi aliyense wa iwo. Ntchito semicolon limasonyeza kuti wolemba wamaliza zambiri za maganizo ake, ndi owerenga chakudya cha ganizo, koma si koma komaliza, ndipo adzakhala anapitiriza. Izi ndi mmene semicolon Russian ndakatulo A. S. Pushkin:

Kalonga anayamba kulira
Ndipo ine ndinapita danga kanthu,
Mkwatibwi okongola
Onani zambiri kamodzi.
Apa amapita; mpaka
otsetsereka kwambiri a mapiri pamaso pake;
Kuzungulira dziko ndi kanthu;
Mu mdima phiri athandizira.

Komanso semicolon kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo koma, ngati mbali ya kumanga, umene umalumikizana, ndi chachikulu ndi zovuta mu dongosolo.

Zitsanzo otere nthawi zambiri ndi amene amabwera mu malemba a zapamwamba dziko: "Mu nyengo zamunthawi ya Victoria, nkuti, makhalidwe anali koposa china chilichonse, koma kuganizira mmene ana ambiri anali mu Mfumukazi Victoria, zikuoneka kuti munthu kukhala disingenuous."

m'matumbo

Mlembi amagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro popita ku fotokozani uthenga mbuyomo. Makamaka, pamaso pa gulu homogeneous angapo chiganizo pambuyo generalizing mawu: "Mu kowonera zakale zonse m'mawa amuveke Mfumukazi zinakambidwa: chophimba, nsapato ndi jekete." Pamene pempholo lilibe mabungwe, pamaso gawo lachiwiri la Ndi bwino kuika m'matumbo ngati likugwirizana gawo loyamba kapena china anafotokoza. Komanso, m'matumbo ntchito mawu mwachindunji pambuyo mawu mlembi. Mwachitsanzo: Potsirizira ndinamuuza kuti: "Kodi mukufuna kupita miyendo pa m'dzenjewo?"

Yomwe anthu otchulidwa amalenga mavuto kwambiri?

Mungagunde - ndi zopumira kwambiri ofunika. Izo ntchito pa nthawi imene chiweruzo zapita mawu kapena si wathunthu, apo ndi pamene akusowa "ndi", "kukhala" mneni-copula ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo: "nthano - folklore polemba chinenero chimene anthu otchulidwa amatanganidwa matsenga, ndi zochitika zamatsenga chichitike" - kapena: "zamaluwa - duwa la kukongola osowa" - kapena "Turo - chizindikiro zopumira". Ndiko kuti, apa chilemba zopumira amaima pakati nkhani ndi mkhalidwe, amene anasonyeza mwa manauni. mukapeza A anaika pamaso generalizing mawu amene akufotokoza enumeration yapitayi, ntchito mamembala homogeneous. "The zamaluwa, duwa, anauka - ndi maluwa onse amene anali yopatulika ndi wolemekezeka akulemekezedwa mu anthu akale mu ngodya zonse za dziko lathu." Ngakhale chilemba zopumira aikidwa, ngati nkhani nauni waima pa nkhani nominative, ndi mkhalidwe ntchito verebu mu mawonekedwe infinitive: ". Ungwazi Izi - kutuluka ndi kunena zoona mu maso a munthu"

Mungathe kuika mukapeza ngati phunziro ndi mkhalidwe zowonetseredwa ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu infinitive kuti: "Konzani ndi kulemba popanda kulakwitsa - kulemekeza munthu amene werengani kalata yanu."

olemba ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito dashes, ndicho ambiguity ake ntchito yawo, kupanga chilemba zopumira mu njira yoyamba ya zopumira.

Koma nanga bwanji zolemba kapena m'mabokosi?

Quotes kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamangidwe ka mawu mwachindunji. Iwo anasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu wolemba kulankhula mwachindunji kapena mwa mawuwo. Zomwezo n'kopanda mawu amene sizikugwirizana kalembedwe kulankhula kapena ayi ndendende chikufanana. Mwaona nokha: "Mutu wa chipani ananena kuti" kulira "pansi pa chinyengo cha dziko la achifwamba" olamulira oipa "!" Quotes angagogomezere tanthauzo zotsalira za mawu, kapena kukuonetsedwa Izitu n'zovutitsa kuti: "Awa" apulumutsi wa Dziko Lathu "mosavuta adzabweretsa dziko athu vuto!"

Zakudya zamtundu olekanitsidwa mawu Musanyamule zikuluzikulu ndi maziko mudziwe: ". Rose (wooka ine) adzakumbutsa inu za nthawi imeneyo osangalala" Choncho, zopumira chiweruzo kumadalira osati kokha pa malamulo okhwima, komanso kumlingo pa mtima ndi cholinga cha wolemba.

zachilendo zopumira

Nthawi zina olemba ntchito ndi zachilendo zopumira, monga mipatuliro nthunzi, amene allocated mbali zina za pempholo. Mfundo imeneyi angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo dashes. Ziwirizi kufunika kwake koma ndi mukapeza pano zinthu monga braces. Ndipo ngati koma n'zotheka kuonetsetsa kapangidwe pempholo, kudzera mwa mukapeza tisonyezeni mbali ya kumanga, amene m'lingaliro kwenikweni kukusokonezani kuchokera m'malemba wonse. zopumira afufuze Pankhaniyi sadzakhala amalakwitsa ndi lolondola kumasulira tanthauzo la mawu wonse.

Ngati ife kulankhula za zopumira onse (osati chiweruzo), ndiye malo awa akhoza kuyenerera chamanja Gawo (§), amene nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito maheda, mafelemu ndi kusankha zinthu zina maheda ndi, boma maudindo ndi malemba. Mogwirizana onse malamulo pamwamba, inu mukhoza kumvetsa kuti afufuze kalembedwe ndi zopumira - ichi ndi chinachake chimene inu simungakhoze bondo nthawi polemba mawu alionse. Izi chabe muyeso wa maphunziro anu. Tikukhulupirira m'nkhani, ife kuyankha funso la zopumira zomwe.