Phunzitsani - ndi chiyani ichi? maganizo awo

Phunzitsani - mawonekedwe zoyendera kuti ntchito ndi anthu a CIS zambiri ngati ali kupita kunja m'dera lawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti pamaso pa Kubwera kwa njanji ndi mawu akuti "sitima" anaitana mtundu wina zoyendera. Tiyeni tipeze chimene icho chiri, ndipo pang'ono yodziwa mbiri ya sitima, maganizo awo.

Phunzitsani - izo ...

Lero, liwu limene anatchula sitima ya magalimoto angapo Ufumuyo sitima, chifukwa mu sitimayo lonse mothamanga. Monga ulamuliro, sitima ndi "mutu" (kuyambira) ndi "mchira" (mapeto), mbali zonse za amene Ufumuyo ndi sitima a. Malinga limene sitima tsopano kukopedwa ngolo, malo a "Mutu" ndi "mchira" sitima ya zikhoza kusintha.

Mwa njira, osati aliyense amadziwa, koma ngakhale sitima popanda magalimoto anazolowera kuti izo limanenanso maganizo "phunzitsa".

Mu CIS, nambala ya sitima, kuti asasokonezeke. magalimoto kupeza angapo, ndipo akhalebe zikutsatiridwa ngakhale vuto la kusintha kwa "mutu" wa m'sitima.

Otchedwa "phunzitsa" m'mbuyomu

Mu Russia, mawu akuti "sitima," anaonekera kale kwambiri kuposa anthu onse anabwera ndi njanji. Mu masiku akale linali dzina la convoy ndi, wopangidwa mwa Aisiraeli ngolo zotsatizana (m'nyengo yozizira - aŵiri). sitima Iwowa ntchito yonyamula chakudya zida za nkhondo, komanso amalonda, kuti apulumutse katundu wawo ku malo osiyanasiyana.

Mkubwela kwa sitima anthu mwachizolowezi wa Russian Ufumu, mawu anayamba ntchito ngati dzina onse sitima ndi iye molumikizana ndi magalimoto. Mwa njira, magalimoto okha poyamba anapitiriza kuitana oyeretsa.

N'zochititsa chidwi m'njira Mofananamo, mawu akuti "phunzitsa" lero ntchito lokha pa mapwando ukwati. Kotero ife timachitcha chionetsero wapadera wa mkwati, zotsatirazi nyumba Mkwatibwi kuti apite naye ku mpingo kapena kaundula ofesi.

Origin akuti

Nauni "phunzitsa" - mbadwa Russian mawu anapanga ku nauni "ulendo" ndipo izo zisanachitike - kuchokera "ulendo" mneni (kusuntha mothandizidwa ndi galimoto).

Mawu omwewa kwambiri analiko chinenero Proto-Asilavo. Pachifukwa chimenechi lidakalipobe mu Chiyukireniya amakono ( "їzditi"), Chibelarusi ( "ezdzіts"), Chibugariya ( "yazdya"), Czech (jezdit), Polish (jeździć) ndi zinenero zina Asilavo.

Njanji choyamba mu Ufumu Russian

Ku Ulaya, woyamba zonyamula sitima September 1830 Lothandiza a ku Ulaya anali woyamba anapezerapo posakhalitsa anazindikira momwe yabwino ndi zothandiza, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, wotchipa latsopano mawonekedwe zoyendera ndipo posakhalitsa m'dera chidafundidwa ndi mayiko zotsogola ya sitima ukonde.

Patapita zaka zingapo sitima woyamba wakhala anayamba, ndi chidwi ndi nzika za ufumu Russian, ndipo anayamba ntchito pa chilengedwe cha sitima yake.

Kale mu 1836 anali kuyesa poyamba kuika sitima njanji Komabe, ndiye mmalo mwa nthunzi sitima kukoka ngolo ya sitima ya akavalo itagwiritsidwa. Pambuyo mayesero bwino 1837 unakhazikitsidwa sitima St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo, amene kuthamanga pa sitima mwapadera anamanga naye. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti injini kwa kayendedwe ka sitima ntchito kokha pa mlungu, komanso pakati pa mlungu m'malo mbali ya zachikale ngolo anakoka ndi njanji yokokedwa.

Ndi ofunika ponena kuti choyamba bwino kuwonetsera kwa sitima ndi mphamvu zake zinathandiza kuti chitukuko cha zomangamanga izi mu ufumuwo, ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za latsopano mu Russia anali zopezera lonse wa njanji.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya sitima mu CIS

Gulu la sitima anapanga pa malo osiyana. Kuti timvetsetse zimene sitima limabweretsa amene mtundu, muyenera bwino mukudziwa wake liwiro, kutalika, kulemera zosiyanasiyana, njirayi ndi mtundu wa katundu.

• Malinga ndi liwiro sitima ndi: kwambiri (kuposa 50 km / h) liwiro (140 Km / h), mkulu liwiro (200-250 Km / h) ndi mathamangitsidwe (palibe liwiro enieni, koma limayenda mofulumira ndi mwamphamvu liwiro, wosachita okwera) .
• Ndi kutalika - zambiri popanda chizindikiro dlinnosostavnye, kuchuluka m'litali ndi lolumikizidwa sitima zingapo.
• Ndi kulemera - superheavy ndi kuchuluka misa (matani 6000).
• Osiyanasiyana - wakunja kwatawuni, wapotalikira (150 km), mwachindunji (anatsatira misewu zoposa awiri), m'deralo (mu njira yomweyo Ikatha zosakwana 700 km), looping, precinct (kupita ku siteshoni wina ndi mzake), magulu ( kupulumutsa galimoto okwerera osiyana).
• Ndi mtundu wa sitima katundu ndi galimotolo katundu (zotetezedwa), katundu, gruzobagazhnymi, positi ndi katundu ndi asilikali.
• Mwa nthawi zonse: chilimwe, kamodzi, chaka chonse.

"Phunzitsani" mawu "siteshoni": kodi pali kugwirizana pakati pawo?

Poganizira mutu wa sitima, sindingakhoze kuganiza za chinthu choterocho ngati "siteshoni". Ngakhale pali okwerera basi, mtsinje, nyanja, mpweya (ndege), nthawi zambiri mu maganizo a anthu a lingaliro limeneli umakhudza sitima ya. chakuti sitima lero akanali yotsika mtengo ndi Kufikika kwambiri kwa anthu pafupifupi dziko kumene njanji.

Station ndi zovuta za nyumba limodzi kapena angapo, anamanga okwera utumiki ndi katundu kusanja. Iwo anayikidwa mu mfundo yovuta zotsatirazi zoyendera (mu nkhani ya sitima za - m'midzi yaikulu).

Miyambo malo simungakhoze basi pansi kapena pabasi aliyense, komanso kuti tipeze ndandanda sitima, tikiti pa ofesi bokosi, kusiya katundu wanu mu chipinda chosungira, kupita ku chimbudzi kapena kudya pa Cafe m'deralo. Komanso, maofesi ambiri zili ndi lounges zosangalatsa zipinda (kapena hotelo), aliyense wodutsa akhoza kudikira sitima wanu kapena kupuma azitulutsa mmwamba.