Zokopa: Mozhaisk Akupemphani (kulongosola, mbiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa)

Mzinda wa mtundu wanji kumene makilomita lalikulu khumi zokha zokopa zofunika kwambiri? Mozhaisk - mzinda amene moyo kwa zaka zambiri yotengedwa kwawo kwamuyaya pa nthawi yabwino kwambiri za mbiri yake. Ili Moscow zomwe zili mu umalandira kumtunda kwa mtsinje wa dzina chomwecho, malire a Gzhatsk maganizo, mzinda uno palibe phwando lalikulu ndale, palibe nkhondo wathunso, ndipo sakadalola anayenda kuchokera kutali pamaso m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu, pamene Mozhaisk woyamba kutchulidwa Mbiri.

Prince Yaroslav

Zokopa Mozhaysk wambirimbiri kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngakhale pamene anali membala wa Smolensk ukulu, cholimbikitsa pa phiri pafupi mtsinje Mozhayki anathandiza amawateteza anawazunza anansi. Prince Vladimir ndi Suzdalskiy Yaroslav akhafunambo analanda mzindawo.

Zinali ndiye kuti nkhalango zowirira za m'deralo kuti yadulidwa pa muzu, mwinamwake ya chitetezo cha mzindawo sizikanatheka kukanakhala, ndi phiri anatsegula review zodabwitsa sizitanthauza kuti Boom ndege. Wood anapita malinga linamanga pa - m'dziko mofulumira odzipereka, ali ndithu chonde ndi wolemera yokolola.

anawazunza

Posadas unakula mofulumira ndipo patapita nthawi yochepa kale ku Moscow Mtsinje. Osauka kuti chifukwa chosowa nkhalango Mozhaika zambiri anakhala losaya, ndipo masiku ano ngakhale mtsinje kukomoka. The moyandikana penipeni pa dziko mwamphamvu zogwirizana mzinda ndi tsoka la Russia, ambiri zokopa Mozhaisk anali umboni za izo. Olandira woyamba kudziko - Theodore (Black) Rostislavich - nakhala mu 1239 kalonga choyamba, kupanga mzinda uwu ndi yoyenda yokha ukulu.

Russ anali kwambiri finely wogawanika pa nthawi, kotero iye anali zovuta kukana m'derali. Pafupifupi makumi awiri mizinda yowonongedwa zaka izi Dyudeneva asilikali, kuphatikizapo Mozhaisk. Zosangalatsa kuti zasungidwa mu kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale za mudzi, wodziŵa kwambiri. Inde ndi makonsolo, tikukhala mu oyandikana, akalonga kawirikawiri mwamtendere. Amazipanga zinali zovuta kukhalabe kudziyimira pawokha awo, pang'ono wofooka ndi ukulu - ndiyeno kuponderezedwa.

Moscow

Kumayambiriro ya kulimbana XIV m'ma pakati pa akalonga loyandikana inatha moumiriza inalowa Mozhaisk kwa Moscow ukulu Yuri Danilovich, pansi pa mkono wake wamphamvu. Kwa nthawi yaitali kumutsogolera mzinda Ivan Red. Ambiri, m'badwo uno anabweretsa zowoneka osati. Mozhaisk anakumana ndi mavuto osaneneka. Kawiri konse, iye anagonjetsedwa woyera: Algirdas ku Lithuania, amene watentha m'mudzili 1314, kenako kupyolera Tokhtamysh zaka makumi anayi okha horde ukali, anagonjetsa ndi kutentha chabe ina ndi vuto lalikulu, kuti amangenso mzinda. Ichi chinali chopweteka nkhonya.

Koma zinthu zopanda si kuchotsedwa kwa Mozhaisk monga kuthetsa zikuluzikulu Russia. Izi koposa zonse, wakhala pakati chachikulu achipembedzo, woyang'anira wotchuka chizindikiro cha St. Nicholas wa Mozhaisk, woyera pemphero mtetezi wa ankhondo onse Orthodox mayiko. Mozhaysk zokopa anali zochita zawo, osati chirichonse tsopano adzalemekezedwa ndi fano onse mukusungira Tretyakov Gallery, popeza iyenso ndiye chuma wapadera luso miyambo Russian za m'ma chakhumi ndi chinayi.

Andrei Dmitrievich

Mu 1389 wachifumu anakhala Prince Andrew - mwana wa Don wopambana. Ndiye Mozhdysk chidwi ndi anthu kudzadza yomangidwa bwino Adamanga kachisi maofesi. Ferapont Belozersky anali ndiye mphamvu yakumangirira Luzhetsky wotchuka obisika, ndipo anaitana Ferapontov obisika.

Pa nthawi yomweyo mu Mozhaisk anakhala makamaka mitundu yonse ya zamanja anachuluka, kotero kumbuyo kwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi mzindawo unali chitukuko cha la masitolo. Kuwonjezera Mozhaisk anakhudza zamalonda ambiri motsatizana kumadzulo.

distemper

zaka zovuta zimenezi, kumene, sakanakhoza kulowa kuzungulira mzinda kapena kupita padera. zaka zitatu ndi malamulo amene angakuthandizeni Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II wa, odzikweza Pole Vladislav, dzanja lomwe likuvutika ambiri ndifotokoze mavuto mzinda Mozhaysk. Zokopa pamodzi zakale umboni kuti nthawi imeneyi, za mtundu wa ntchito ndi zomvetsa iliyonse ofunika akutulutsa ankhondowo.

Only mu 1618 alendo ndi manyazi achotsedwa dziko mbadwa Russian, kachiwiri anabwerera kubwezera, koma kutenga Mozhaisk sizinachitikebe: kulimbikira anali amunamuna, nawalamulira kuti Boris Lykov-Obolensky. Umboni wa nthawi amenewo anakhala zokopa ambiri ndi m'mamyuziyamu Mozhdysk mantha sitolo awo.

imfa

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri mzinda chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala Kremlin wa Dmitriya Pozharskogo zothandizira mipingo yawo, akale warlord Mozhaisk. Mwatsoka, lero kuti asungidwa mbali yaing'ono ya njerwa wakale, chifukwa zimene ena osadziwika, Catherine II analamula kuti dismantle boma la Russia. Wa njerwa kupulumuka inamangidwa Novo-Nikolsky kachisi zovuta. Komabe kunadetsa wokongola kwambiri ndipo iye anayamba Mozhaisk ndi Mozhaisk chigawo. Zokopa anasunga kuchokera nthawi imeneyo Tingaone kulikonse.

Ndipo mu 1723 Mozhaisk phazi pa njira ya chitukuko mafakitale. Manufactory gulu analamula County kulenga kupanga galasi. Iwo Mozhajskij galasi fakitale ndi fakitale galasi Mozhayskaya posachedwa zinadziwika mu Russia. Koma boma la Russia Mozhaisk ndipo izi anataya ulemerero. Pofuna kudula ndi pang'ono nkhalango, angapo zaka zambiri, Senate analamula kusuntha kupanga. Tsopano onse galasi Mozhayskaya ulemerero - ku Mtsinje Goose pafupi Vladimir, mankhwala pansi pa chizindikiro dzina GUS-Crystal ndipo komabe modziwika zimaonetsa okha, koma sanali m'gulu la Mozhaisk zokopa. Maadiresi omwe amakambirana nsinga zapita pakamwa kukamwa okhala mumzinda uwu kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, sadzakhalakonso.

World nkhondo II

M'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi Mozhaisk anakumana mzinda wolemera mwachilungamo lolemera, ngakhale akuzigawo. dongosolo mwadongosolo limapangidwa midzi khumi ndi zisanu kuti kumumanga makumi angapo misewu ndi makwalala. mbiri yakale amasonyeza kuti Mozhaisk ndiye anali nyumba oposa mazana atatu lalikulu mtengo, masitolo makumi asanu, atatu lonse kunyumba kumwa ndi odyera, Wampekera zoposa khumi, zomera zingapo: chikopa, moŵa. Kotero izo zinagwira 1812. Mwa njira, ndipo Mozhaisk kusunga Kamangidwe choyambirira cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Iwe ukhoza kuwona nyumba zakale, nyumba zambiri zosangalatsa.

French ankhondowo wotanganidwa Luzhetsky ansembe yotchedwa, Napoleon anali liku- lu pamenepo, meters zana wotchuka Novo-Nikolsky kachisi. Kuthawa, iwo anatentha obisika wamkulu mu Russia. Mkati wapadera wa agulupa ali kuchira sadzamva zotheka. Pakuti MOZHAYTSEV zinali tsoka lalikulu, chifukwa kulambira obisika anali zoopsa. Mu 1908, pamene ife chikondwerero cha quincentenary wa agulupa, ndi chionetsero anafika masauzande ambiri Orthodox, kuphatikizapo mkulu wa Moscow, atsogoleri a otchuka, ndipo ndithudi, Metropolitan.

mzaka zana makumi awiri

City a usilikali Ulemerero Mozhaysk - chitsanzo cha kukana amphamvu a mdani, amene anabwera pansi pa mbendera ya Nazi. Occupation - tsamba zomvetsa chisoni m'mbiri ya Mozhaisk, komanso kwambiri amunamuna, zigawenga wotchuka ndi zinthu mobisa m'dera lonse derali. Chikumbukiro zovuta, amene anadzipereka kwa liberators wa mosaopa Mama pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo - chipilala zofunika kwambiri m'deralo.

Kale pa khomo mumzinda Tingaone amene alibe atagonjetsa pano pamodzi ndi nkhondo yachilendo ndi ntchito ngakhale kanthu mlendo: Zomangamanga, makhalidwe Cultural wa mzinda Mozhaysk - Russia. Zokopa kufotokoza iye monga chikumbukiro mbiri ya mtima wa m'dzikolo. zakale Chikumbutso pano ndi pang'ono, kuwonjezera, amachita ndi mbiri yakale ndipo kamangidwe kake. Komanso, alendo onse ndi alendo taonera momwe ziriri kwabasi, monga chikhalidwe wokongola wa mabusa, makamaka otchedwa Mozhaiskogo nyanja. Kuona kukongola onse apa bwino anayamba ndi kukhazikika Kukwera Akavalo ndi njinga zokopa alendo. Komanso, alendo kutamanda Mozhayskiye magombe kusodza.

Bwerani Mozhaisk

Ku Moscow kumzinda ankatha wapadera olimba aulemu mutu wa ulemerero wa asilikali, zingakhale zosavuta ndi losavuta pano motorway kwambiri ndi njanji - ndi wamtunda wokwana milingo zana ndi khumi kutali, akhoza anafika pa theka la ola kapena ndi siteshoni Chibelarusi sitima kapena basi ku Chigonjetso Park. Weather m'dera si losiyana kwa Moscow, yemweyo kotentha chokhala ndi nyengo, mvula yomweyo ndi seasonality chomwecho.

Mozhayskoe nyanja, anaonekera theka zapitazo, pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa damu pa Moscow Mtsinje, lipindulitsa pa kasamalidwe osati panopa malo otchuka alendo ku Mozhaisk komanso kutali. Izo mwangwiro nsomba pa magombe a nakulitsa m'nkhalango ya paini. Bwino madzi masewera ndi maholide gombe. Tikumbukenso kuti zosawononga chilengedwe Mozhaysk chigawo choyeretsetsa cha midzi yonse ya Region Moscow, khalidwe madzi mu mgodi chidwi. Ndi chifukwa chake zili ndi mamotelo womasuka kwambiri. Komabe, zambiri malo ulesi ndi hema.

Kremlin phiri

Apa alendo kuyendera chikumbutso chapadera cha masiku amakedzana - waukulu Western chitetezo positi. Mochuluka zonse loyenda m'zaka khumi Mozhaika kumbuyo phiri ndi dzanja limodzi, ndi pa zina - ndi chemba yokumba. Pamodzi wozungulira akadali zimasungika zotsalira za wamphamvu khoma linga, dziko lapansi chitunda - maziko izo - yabwino anasunga. Ndizachisoni kuti sanathe kuona chimodzimodzi wokongola nsanja wakale wa boma la Russia Mozhaisk, yekha zithunzi. Koma zimene zimayamba kung'ambidwa ndikutsukidwa, anakongoletsa woyenera m'manja.

Mukhoza amasirira Cathedral wa St. Nicholas (zinthu zofanana ndi mpanda wolimba wakale - malinga, zitseko, wakale kachisi chipata). Mu mpingo wa St. Peter ndi Paulo akadali anasunga zokongoletsa choyambirira cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chinayi, ndithudi, osati kwathunthu. Ndiponso ngati kukopa alendo: Spring Nyanja pa msinkhu wa mamita seventini, izo akukumbukira akale. Mpaka pano, pali kupitiriza kafukufuku pofukula, ndi apeza wokongola. Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa anapeza chithunzi Greek wa Ages Middle. No zochepa chidwi kuyang'anira ndi Luzhetsky obisika, kupulumutsa zotsalira wakale ndi kukongola zodabwitsa makachisi.