Zilandiridwenso Mayakovsky a. Zotengera ntchito za Mayakovsky

Ntchito zina za olemba a chi Russian musati muli Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi kunyozedwa, monga ntchito Vladimira Vladimirovicha Mayakovskogo. Zotengera wolemba modabwitsa lakuthwa, apakhungu ndi makamaka chikhalidwe zolinga.

zokhudza mbiri

Mayakovsky kwawo kwa Georgia. Kumeneko, m'mudzi wa Baghdad, ndipo ndinabadwa pa July 17, 1893 wolemba ndakatulo m'tsogolo. Mu 1906, pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake, anapita ku Moscow ndi mayi ake ndi alongo. Pakuti malo yogwira ndale kangapo kundende. Mapeto Stroganov School. Adakali wophunzira amayamba njira futuristic wa Mayakovsky. Zotengera - pamodzi ndi ozunguza ndi mtima wofuna kudzionetsera - limakhala chizindikiro cha ndakatulo yake.

Komabe, Futurism, ndi Zionetsero ake nihilistic sanathe kumvetsa kuwaganizira mphamvu ya mawu wolemba wa Mayakovsky, ndi mitu ya ndakatulo wake mwamsanga anayamba kupitirira malangizo osankhidwa. Yambiri iwo linamveka mu subtext chikhalidwe. Pre-chosintha nthawi ndakatulo Mayakovsky ali m'madera awiri osiyana: accusatory, ndi satirical, lotseguka zolakwa zonse ndi kupunduka wa Tsarist Russia; amapha, kenako chenicheni choipa wawononga munthu amene timapezamo mfundo yoti anthu demokalase ndi umunthu.

Choncho, Zotengera ntchito za Mayakovsky mu magawo m'banda wa zilandiridwenso wakhala chizindikiro cha ndakatulo mwa msonkhano anzake zolembalemba.

Futurism ndi chiyani?

Mawu "Futurism" lachokera ku futurum Latin, kutanthauza "tsogolo." Chotero anaitana avant-garde malangizo a chiyambi cha XX atumwi, yodziwika ndi kukana mwa zinthu zakale ndi chilakolako kulenga chinachake ukasintha latsopano la zojambulajambula.

Features wa Futurism:

• Chisokonezo ndi kupanduka.
• Akana cholowa chikhalidwe.
• Kulima patsogolo ndi malonda.
• Ozunguza ndi pathos.
• Negation malamulo okhazikika versification.
• Zatsopano m'munda wa ndakatulo ndi nyimbo, kayimbidwe kotani, kuganizira mawu.
• Chilengedwe cha mawu atsopano.

mfundo zonse izi sanathe bwino zikupezeka mu ndakatulo ya Mayakovsky. Zotengera organically amalowa zaluso awa ndi kulenga kalembedwe wapadera wa chibadidwe ndi wolemba ndakatulo iyi.

Zotengera ndi chiyani?

Zotengera - njira zafotokozedwa luso chabe amene ntchito imakhala kuvumbula, mnyozo, olimbika kumenya kutsutsa zodabwitsa chikhalidwe. Zotengera amagwiritsa ntchito okokomeza ndi grotesque kulenga chithunzi molakwika za makonzedwe personifying mbali yonyansa zenizeni. Mbali Aika - ndi kutchulidwa maganizo ofooketsa kwa akusonyezera.

lathu zokongoletsa za Zotengera ndi kulima yaikulu ya makhalidwe a anthu kukoma mtima, chilungamo, ndi choonadi, kukongola.

Mu mabuku Russian, Zotengera kale, mizu yake angapezeke kale mu nthano kenako anasamukira ku mudzi wa mabuku chifukwa cha A. P. Sumarokovu, Di Fonvizin, ndi ena ambiri. Mu XX m'ma mphamvu ya Zotengera Mayakovsky ndi chosasimbika ndakatulo.

Zotengera mu vesi

Kale mu magawo oyambirira a Vladimir Mayakovsky anathandizana ndi magazini "New Satyricon" ndi "Satyricon." Zotengera za nthawi Achikondi, ali ndi zolengeza ndi ukuperekedwa bourgeoisie lapansi. ndakatulo oyambirira a ndakatulo iyi zambiri poyerekeza Lermontov chifukwa kutsutsidwa wolemba "Ine" ozungulira anthu, chifukwa kutchulidwa kupanduka kusungulumwa. Ngakhale bwino apereke Zotengera za Mayakovsky. Vesi zoikamo pafupi futuristic, kwambiri choyambirira. Ena mwa iwo: "Apa inu!" "Hymn wasayansi ndi", "Hymn kwa woweruza," "Hymn chakudya," etc. Kale mu mutu kwambiri ntchito, makamaka "nyimbo" anamva Izitu n'zovutitsa ...

Post-chosintha zinthu Mayakovsky mwadzidzidzi amasintha lathu. Tsopano otchulidwa wake - osati zonenepa bourgeois, ndi adani a zisinthe. Ndakatulo ndi lowonjezera ndi mbendera ndi zithunzi msonkhano, kuwalitsa kusintha ozungulira. Pali ndakatulo anatsimikizira monga wojambula, kuyambira ntchito zambiri inkakhala mzere ndi zojambula. zithunzi izi mwalowa mndandanda wa "mazenera KUKULA". khalidwe lawo - wamba sagwira ndi antchito, azungu ndi bourgeoisie. zithunzi zambiri zodzudzula makhalidwe oipa a nthawi yathu, amene anatsalira ku moyo yapita, monga anthu pambuyo chosintha Mayakovsky zikuwoneka abwino, ndi zinthu zonse woipa - ndi zotsala za m'mbuyomu.

Mwa mabuku wotchuka kwambiri, imene imafikira ake Zotengera chimake Mayakovsky -. Ndakatulo "Prozasedavshiesya", "Pa zinyalala" "ndakatulo ya nyama ya Baba ndi sikelo lonse" Wolemba ndakatulo amagwiritsa ntchito grotesque kulenga zinthu chodabwitsa nthawi zambiri amachita ndi maudindo nzeru ndi luntha wamba zenizeni. mphamvu zonse za Zotengera Mayakovsky umalimbana kuvumbula kuperewera ndi deformities a dziko.

Zotengera mu masewero

Zotengera mu zilandiridwenso Mayakovsky a si ndakatulo, izo unaonekera mwa sewerolo, kukhala kwa iwo maganizo pakati. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo - ndi "Bug" ndi "kusamba."

The kusewera "Banya" lolembedwa mu 1930, ndipo kuyambira tanthauzo la mtundu wanyimbo ake akuyamba Izitu n'zovutitsa la wolemba, "sewero zochita asanu ndi maseŵeralo ndi makombola." Losemphana ndi zotsutsana ndi Pobedonosikova nduna ndipo zatsopano Chudakov. Palokha, mankhwala amaona mosavuta ndi zosangalatsa, koma zimativuta ndi zopusa ndi ankhanza bureaucracy. Ndimasewera mkangano amafunitsitsa kwambiri chabe: ku tsogolo afika "phosphoric mkazi" ndipo akutenga yabwino ya anthu ndi Mose, kumene chikominisi, ndi ogwira kukhala ndi kanthu.

The kusewera "Bug" linalembedwa mu 1929 ndi m'midzi yake Mayakovsky Pomenya nkhondo philistinism. The protagonist, Pierre Skripkin, atakwatirana ndi analephera mozizwitsa igwera mu tsogolo chikominisi. Sikutheka timvetsetsetse ubale kwa dziko la Mayakovsky. Zotengera ndakatulo mwankhanza akungondinyoza zolakwika zake: ntchito ya makina, chikondi kutheratu ... Skripkin pano zikuoneka kwambiri moyo ndi woona munthu. Muulamuliro anthu pang'onopang'ono ayamba kutha.

Pomaliza

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky anakhala m'malo woyenera miyambo ya Saltykov-Shchedrin, ndipo N. V. Gogolya. The ndakatulo ndi masewero wamaliza molondola kudziwa "zilonda" onse ndi kuipa wolemba ano anthu. Zotengera ntchito za Mayakovsky ali ndi cholinga kutchulidwa pa polimbana philistinism, ndi bourgeoisie, ndi bureaucracy, ndi absurdity a dziko ndi malamulo ake.