Kodi nkhani? Nkhani; tanthauzo ndi mitundu

Nkhani (kutanthauza - "werengani" mu Latin) ngati njira kufala kuchokera kwa Mlangizi ophunzira adanyamuka masiku amenewo, pamene okha anayamba kutuluka nzeru. Pakati pa Zakachikwi choyamba, m'mayiko ena otukuka (China, India, Hellas, zigawo European) ntchito mwayi wophunzitsa nthawi yomweyo kuphunzira zambiri za anthu ndi mphunzitsi wina.

Popeza mabuku m'masiku amenewo anali okwera mtengo kwambiri ndiponso yosowa zinthu, ntchito lecturer anakhala kuwerenga pagulu kapena kubwereza ntchito asayansi pamtima.

Masiku ano, pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa kuti nkhani, chifukwa tanthauzo ndi ochititsa njira sizinasinthe. Aphunzitsi a sukulu zasekondale ndi mkulu mu kusangalala ubwino wake, zonse zinasintha kuwonjezera njira zawo.

ndi nkhani zimene: tanthauzo ndi ntchito

Kulowerera mu mawu akuti, tinganene kuti nkhani ndisatchule njira ya kupereka mauthenga, amene ali ang'ono zomveka dongosolo, anamanga pa kaonedwe ka zokhudza zonse kwambiri ndipo zimasonyeza nkhaniyi.

Mbali yaikulu ya mapulogalamu ambiri maphunziro - nkhani. cholinga chake ndi:

• Ulaliki wa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa nkhani zina.
• Kuthandiza chitukuko cha mavuto lofunika la maphunzirowa.
• Pochepetsa mchitidwe wa lophunzira njira sayansi.
• The popularization wa kupambana atsopano ganizo la makono sayansi.

nkhani ntchito

Ataphunzira deta tafotokoza, n'zotheka kuti atchule mbali yaikulu ya nkhani yake: methodological, gulu, pazankhani. Nthawi zina njira iyi kuphunzira wobwezera chilipo Mwachitsanzo, ngati palibe mabuku ndi milozo. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mu masukulu periphery ndi chitukuko cha mapulogalamu atsopano maphunziro.

Pankhaniyi, nkhani - ndi njira kutsegula zida cilamulo m'munda makamaka a sayansi kapena kuzindikira, komanso mavuto ake. Ndi angathe kupereka chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha zimene ndicho phunziro, ndi kusonyeza mmene cholukanalukana ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi. Nkhani kupereka chimango zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zophunzitsira, ntchito monga msonkhano, zasayansi ndi makalasi othandiza coursework ndi ntchito nkhani yolembedwa, kukambirana, mayeso, mayeso.

Ubwino wa njira

Popanda kuphunzira mabuku ndi cholinga n'zosatheka kupanga lingaliro chilungamo zimene nkhani. Ngati wina aliyense luso phwando, lili ubwino ndi kuipa. Taonani ubwino waukulu:

1. Ndi udindo wa lecturer ndi kukonza ndi kulamulira kalasi kusuntha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuphunzira ali dongosolo bwino, ndi zolakwika pang'ono kuchokera dongosolo inakonzedwa akhoza msanga inathetsedwa.
2. Nkhani - ndi njira pa nthawi tikuuza kuti ambiri anthu. Choncho, pali mwachilungamo lalikulu omvera Kuphunzira.
3. Ntchito m'njira imeneyi angathe kuchepetsa ndalama za sukulu pa wophunzira. Ichi ndi chifukwa kufulumizitsa ndi zinthu zochepa ndondomeko ya chiphunzitso.

Zovuta za nkhani ulaliki wa dongosolo mudziwe

Kusankha nkhani ngati njira yofalitsira kudziwa zofunika ophunzira, utsogoleli wa m'banja ayenera kudziwa kuti ali ndi maonekedwe enieni.

Kuti kuphunzira kwenikweni high quality, ndi lecturer uyenera kukhala osati zofunika aphunzitseni komanso luso la kuphunzitsa. Ambiri mukakumbukire otchuka pakati pa nkhani ophunzira za nkhani wotopetsa ndipo yaitali. Nkosafuna kunena kuti deta inalamula mawu popanda kusintha mphamvu popanda intonation, nkomwe zidyeke? Vutoli bwino kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa maphunziro mphunzitsi makupeka luso.

Chinthu china chagona pa mfundo zambiri zomwe nkhani: kwenikweni ndi monologue. Zolemba malire kulankhulana pakati lecturer ndi wophunzira ndi kuyankha mafunso amene anaperekedwa ndi ophunzira. Komabe, monga ulamuliro, kanthu amachokera omvera kawirikawiri. Motero, munthu angaone okhudzidwa otsika ophunzira, kusowa kwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka mkulu wa kuloŵerera zambiri.

Mitundu ya nkhani: khalidwe koyambirira nkhani

Malinga ndi zolinga, cholinga ndi kalembedwe ndi mitundu yambiri yaikulu ya nkhani:

• Chiyambi.
• Information.
• Kukawona malo.
• Vuto.
• Kulingalira.
• Bayinare.
• Conference.
• Kufunsa.

nkhani yoyambirira apatsidwa, kupereka lingaliro loyamba la mawu nkhani sukulu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ophunzirawo angathe kupeza njira yawo m'dongosolo la ntchito ya m'tsogolo. Ntchito lecturer afika kwa dziŵani ophunzira Cholinga cheni cha maphunzirowa. Iye amatiuza za udindo wake ndi malo dongosolo chilango.

Ophunzira kulandira mwachidule njira m'tsogolo, kuphunzira za zikuluzikulu za chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zochitika komanso kuti asayansi amene achita zinthu zopindulitsa zofunika, ndipo pamene chidachitika. Komanso, nkhani yoyambirira ikukhudza ulaliki wa m'madera zingamuthandize kafukufuku.

Komanso lecturer anafotokoza kuti ophunzira tanthauzo wophunzitsa ndi ena mitundu gulu la ndondomeko maphunziro. Ananenanso mabuku iwo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, pamene ndi thupi lotani kutenga malipoti.

Kukawona, mfundo ndi nkhani zina

Nkhani-nkhani kuitana zochitika zimenezi, cholinga chimene ndiyo kudziŵitsa ophunzira za nkhani iliyonse. Lecturer mu maphunziro ambiri kapena zambiri ndipo anafotokoza kuti ophunzira mfundo za sayansi kuti ayenera kumvetsa ndi kulowezedwa iwo. Nthawi zambiri Inde zinthu zimenezi, wophunzira aliyense wokhala zolemba nkhani, yomwe mwachidule likuthandiza mphindi chofunika kwambiri ntchito. Tikumbukenso kuti mudziwe nkhani ya mtundu miyambo.

Review nkhani Cholinga dongosolo sayansi pa mlingo mkulu. Pankhaniyi, izo zakhala mbali ya ambiri ocheza nawo, lopanga tanthauzo la mfundo. Kawirikawiri kafukufuku nkhani Musapereke osapita m'mbali ndi mwatsatanetsatane, iwo anapangidwa kuti zingakweze intrasubject ndi kugwirizana interdisciplinary.

Events limene lecturer akugwiritsa ntchito njira zithunzi Ndikuuzani nkhani anatchula nkhani kulingalira kapena kanema nkhani. Ntchito mphunzitsi amakhala ndemanga yake anasonyeza tatifupi, zithunzi kapena zithunzi. Zimene kupereka chuma yophunzitsa ntchito ya kumapeto kwa mabungwe ambiri maphunziro kuti kupereka maphunziro zothandiza anthu kapena luso.

Bayinare - ndi mtundu chidwi nkhani imene ophunzira anapereka m'malo monologue kukambirana pakati pa aphunzitsi awiri. Childs, aliyense wa iwo umaimira osiyana sukulu za sayansi kapena kuteteza maganizo makamaka pa nkhaniyi.

Wophunzitsa Conference: ndi nanga kumasiyana ndi zina

Pamene chochitika amatenga mawonekedwe a makalasi sayansi ndi zothandiza, kuti pali chisanadze anafunsa vuto ndi kachitidwe ka malipoti, umatchedwa msonkhano nkhani. Mawu akupanga nkhani zoterozo, ndi okhwima zomveka kapangidwe (kulowa, mbali yaikulu, linanena bungwe). Amazigwiritsa pasadakhale pamaziko a ntchito operekedwa ndi mphunzitsi. The chifukwa ulaliki onse akukhala Kuphunzira mokwanira vuto. Udindo wa lecturer ndi yafupika chiphunzitso cha mfundo ndi mwachidule paokha anakonza malemba. Komanso, likugwirizana ndi limamveketsa mudziwe lino.

Kulunjika pa nkhani zokambiranazo

Pali zitsanzo zingapo za mtundu wa nkhani:

1. Mbali yoyamba kapangidwe ka chochitika oyenera chiwembu cha "funso - Yankho". Mphunzitsi mu nthawi yoikidwayo ophunzirawo, akuyankha mafunso ophunzira (zokhudza gawo inayake njira yonse).
   
2. Njira yachiwiri schematically ankayimiridwa ngati "funso - yankho / zokambirana". Izi osakaniza achilendo wa zinthu zitatu: wolankhulayo akupereka zinthu zatsopano, kuwukitsa nkhani zosiyanasiyana ndi bungwe kukambirana mayankho. Koma sizikusokonezani mtundu wa amaloledwa mfundo ndi ena, monga pali kusiyana kwambiri pa nkhani semina maphunziro.

Kapangidwe ndi zigawo nkhani za Agiriki

Childs, ntchitoyo lecturer ndizo magawo angapo: oyamba, zazikulu zili ndi mapeto.

oyamba lakonzedwa kukhazikitsa kulankhulana wa nkhaniyi kale kuphunzira. Apa adawomba zolinga ntchito, ndipo dongosolo. Nthawi zina mu gawo limeneli kusonyeza mndandanda wa magwero ntchito yokonza, koma nthawi zambiri yatsala kunena. Chiyambi sakondwera kuposa mphindi 5-8.

Gawo lachiwiri (okhutira yaikulu) ndi zofunika kwambiri ndi watanthauzo sitepe nkhani. Apa, mphunzitsi umalimbikitsa maganizo ofunika chiphunzitso cha nkhaniyi, akupereka mfundo zosiyanasiyana view, amapereka ziweruzo phindu.

Otsiriza lililonse nkhani zapatsidwa kwa generalizations ndi mfundo pa zimene limafotokoza. Ndiye anapereka nkhani yotsatira chuma, ndi kupereka malangizo kwa ntchito palokha ophunzira.